This article was published in the 24th issue of "Sanlian Life Weekly" in 2019. The original title is "Important Rivers in the Book of Songs"
text/Li Xiuli
Yellow River. The "river" in the Book of Songs is mostly interpreted by the Yellow River. At that time, the water of the Yellow River was still very clear, called the "big river" (photo provided by Visual China)
Yellow River
"The doves are singing in the continent of the river" is the beginning of the Book of Songs. The word "he" in the Book of Songs is all interpreted as the Yellow River. It is also the most frequently seen river in the Book of Songs, and has been mentioned 27 times in total.
Before the Han Dynasty, the Yellow River was called "big river". It flows out of the area around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, crosses mountains, hills, plains and other terrain, and finally merges into today's Bohai Sea. The Yellow River runoff is spreading, and branches and branches are coming out. "Zhou Song Ban" records this scene - "Climbing its high mountains, climbing mountains and mountains, and surging the river." It means that climbing up the towering mountains, the mountains and hills are connected, and thousands of branches flow into the Yellow River.
In the era of the Book of Songs, the water of the Yellow River was mostly clear. "Wei Feng: Fa Tan" records that the Yellow River water is "clear and rippled", "straight" and "real". There is also "Shizhisigan, Secluded Nanshan" in " Xiaoya Sigan" which describes the beautiful scenery of the tributary of the Yellow River in flowing between streams and the scenery of the Nanshan Mountains is clear and deep. There is also the "Book of the turtle and the spring flows are clear" in "Xiao Ya·Shu Seedling". The "fountain" here is also verified by research. Due to changes in the geographical and ecological environment in later generations, the yellow turbidity of the Yellow River water became increasingly intensified. Since the Han Dynasty, the Dahe began to be renamed the Yellow River.
There are 24 articles mentioned in the Book of Songs, and the more rumored ones are:
The cypress boat is in the middle of the river. ("Bingfeng·Bai Zhou")
The river is everywhere, and the north flows alive. ("Weifeng Shuoren")
The so-called beauty is on the side of the water... It follows it to the middle of the water... It is called beauty is on the middle of the water... It follows it to the middle of the water... It follows it to the bottom of the water... It follows it to the bottom of the water... It is called beauty is on the side of the water... It follows it to the bottom of the water... It is called beauty is on the side of the water... It follows it to the middle of the water. ("Qin Feng·Jian Jia")
Huaihe
Huaihe is the third largest river in the country. It is known as the "Four Du" together with Yangtze River , the Yellow River and Jishui . It is also one of the most developed rivers in my country's water system. The source of the Huai River is in the Tongbai Mountain area in the western part of Tongbai County, Nanyang City, Henan Province. The main stream flows through Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and other provinces, and finally flows eastward into the Yellow Sea. Because it is between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River basins, people are accustomed to refer to the north of the Huai River and south of the Yellow River as the "Huanghuai River", and the south of the Huai River and north of the Yangtze River as the "Jianghuai River".
The Huaihe River is a special location in China's geographical space. It is a natural dividing line that distinguishes the north and south, a 0℃ isotherm in January and an 800 mm annual precipitation line. "Yan Zi's Spring and Autumn" says, "Oranges grow in the south of Huai River and tangerines grow in the north of Huai River", which reflects the ancients' intuitive feelings about the differences in the natural landscape between the two banks of the Huai River. Until today, it is said that when asking about the hometown of Anhui people, one must add a sentence "Huainan or Huaibei". They live by the Huai River and have a strict sense of distinction between people from the north and the south.
In addition to playing the role of "dividing north and south at a distance" in natural geographical space, the Huaihe River also witnessed the collision and fusion of north and south in the cultural sense. Huaihe River Basin covers the Central Plains Cultural District, Haidai Cultural District, Ningzhen Cultural District, etc. The ancient culture is integrated into the north and south, showing the characteristics of diversity and openness. There are 5 poems mentioned in the Book of Songs. In the discourse system dominated by Central Plains culture, the tribes in the Huaihe River Basin exist in the image of "Yi":
gangs have a safe and a wandering bandits, and Huaiyi comes to seek it. (" Daya·Jianghan ")
style is still the same, and the Huaiyi was captured... I admire the Huaiyi and come to offer his father. ("Lu Song·Panshui")
scores that Huaipu , saves this Xu land... and spreads the Huai River, and still holds the ugly enemy. The king's army is where the king's army is. (" Daya·Changwu ")
Drum Bell general, Huai River soup, worry and hurt... Drum Bell silences, Huai River silences, worry and sad... Drum Bell silences, Huai River silences, worry and sad... Drum Bell silences, Huai River has three continents, worry and sorrow.("Xiao Ya·Drum Bell")
has a turtlemn, so it desolates from the east. As for the Haibang, Huaiyi come together... As for the Haibang, Huaiyi barbarians, and the southern wilderness, they all lead them to... (" Lusong·Guigong ")
The River and the River Binhe
The River Binhe and the River Binhe merge and exchange, and became the current Shuangyanhe . "Fangyu Ji" Volume 47 " Binchuan County " records that Binchuan Water "sourced from Beiyang Chengshan, Dengfeng County, Dengfeng County, to Mi County, Yuzhou, and then flow eastward to Xinzheng County, Xinzheng County, Heqian River is the Shuangjian River." During the Western Han Dynasty, the "Qin Shui Chapter" in Sang Qin's "Shui Jing" records: "The Qin River comes out of the plain northwest of Zheng County, passes the north of the county in the east, and goes south to the east of the county in the south, and enters the Wu River in the south."
Two rivers with different sources finally merged into one, clear and vast, flowing to the distance, just like a pair of men and women who were not acquainted, and finally walked together because they were attracted to each other. In the Book of Songs, the qi River and the qi River are used as comparing love relationships. "Zheng Feng·Zheng Feng" is a very representative love poem in the Book of Songs - "Zhen and Wu are only scattered. Scholars and women are only scattered... Scholars and women are browsing their clearness. Scholars and women are full of vigor." It describes the story of young men and women gathering happily on the banks of the River of Shibu and expressing their love freely. In addition, there is also such a poem in " Zheng Feng·小日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日日本日日本日日本日日本日日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日本日
Jihe
Jihe is also known as Jishui. According to the "Shui Jing", the source of Ji water comes from Dong Wangwu Mountain in Hedongyuan County, which is today Wangwu Mountain in Jiyuan City, Henan Province. The pre-Qin geography "Book of Yugong" records the flow direction of this water: "The water flows eastward to Ji, and enters the river. The overflow is Xing, which comes from Taoqiu northward, and then reaches He eastward to Wen, and then enters the sea northward." "He" means the Yellow River, "Xing", "Taoqiu" and "He" are ancient places in China, which are in the current Henan and Shandong. The Ji River appears three times on its way into the sea, so it is not exactly on the ground .
Ji River is not as good as the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Huai River in terms of water volume and flow, but it is ranked among the "Four Descendants" in ancient times with them. why is that? Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty Li Shimin asked the ministers Xu Jingzong similar questions. Xu Jingzong replied: "It is a saying that is unique, but it is not because of the remaining water that can go to the sea alone. The flow of Jishu has been lost many times. Although the appearance is subtle, it is respected alone." This character is also reflected in the patriotic Mrs. Xu Mu, who was forced to cross the Jishu River and return it to his hometown in " Bingfeng·Zaichi ". There are 2 poems about Jihe in the Book of Songs:
There are bitter leaves, and there are deep-seated... There are scattered and abundant, and there are pheasants singing. The pheasant sings and asks for the peony... (" Feng Feng·There are bitter leaves ")
neither I am good nor can I help... ("Bing Feng·Zai Chi", but some people here also "Ji" explain it)
Luo River
Also known as " Luoshui ", a tributary of the Yellow River originates from the southern foot of Huashan Mountain in the northwest of Luonan County, Shaanxi Province, and enters Henan in the east. It passes through Lushi, Luoning , Yiyang , Luoyang , Luoyang , Luoyang , and then reaches the Nayi River in Yanshi. It is called the Yiluo River. It flows into the Yellow River to the north of Luokou in Gong County. It has a total length of 467 kilometers. As one of the oldest rivers in China, the Luo River occupies a core position in the ruling territory of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and even directly affects the fate of the dynasty. "Daya Zhaomin" does not directly mention Luoshui, but according to the research, the poem "the pond is exhausted" and "the spring is exhausted", and even "I was famine and the people were exiled", it is likely to refer to the disaster of "Jing, Wei, Luo, and Qishan collapse" during the Youwang period. The Book of Songs clearly mentions the Luo River. " Xiaoya·Zhangbiluo ": "Looking at the Luo River, the water is vast.”
(main reference materials: "Dictionary of Chinese Historical Place Names", "Dictionary of Chinese History", "Encyclopedia of the Book of Songs", "Dictionary of Chinese Ancient and Modern Place Names", etc.)
