On May 6, 1949, An urgent message from Chairman Mao, was sent to the Seventh Corps of the Third Field Army that had just successfully liberated Hangzhou. In addition to making simple requirements for the next strategic actions of the corps, the content of which is worthy of special attention and has made decisions that have had an important impact in history.
One of them is "When is occupying Shaoxing, Ningbo and other places, we should pay attention to protecting the houses and property of large, medium and small capitalists in Ningbo, so as to help us hold these capitalists to cooperate with us in in Shanghai." If this first point is not common sense, then the second point is even more confusing: "When is occupying Fenghua , we should warn the troops, Don’t destroy Chiang Kai-shek’s residences, ancestral halls and their buildings. ”
Chiang Kai-shek was Chairman Mao’s enemy , the number one spokesperson of the reactionary landlords and bourgeoisie, and the “number one war criminal” of the civil war designated by Chairman Mao. His hometown Ningbo Fenghua Xikou is also an important stronghold for Chiang Kai-shek to manipulate the political situation in Nanjing.
No matter from which perspective, liberating Fenghua should become a good opportunity to educate the people of the whole country and give the people a chance to revenge and revenge . However, Chairman Mao actually called in person, and he seemed extremely generous to deal with Chiang Kai-shek's hometown.
You should know that there are more than ten martyrs in the Mao family, among which Chairman Mao alone has as many as six immediate relatives, and most of them died in the struggle with Chiang Kai-shek's reactionaries.
Whether it is axiom or private affairs, this requirement is very special. So what made Chairman Mao make this decision? What kind of profound impact did this decision ultimately have?
1. One million troops cross the river - the Jiang family dynasty collapsed
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in August 1945, only the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were left in China with strong political influence and military strength.
Chiang Kai-shek believed that he had more than 4 million troops, a large number of Japanese troops left over from the army and huge aid from the United States. He had a bad idea in the face of the People's Liberation Army, which had only about one million people, only millet plus rifles or even spears, and lacked effective external assistance.
The Kuomintang army continued to provoke attacks the liberated areas, but the fact that they were repeatedly defeated still could not wake up Chiang Kai-shek's dream. He tried to continuously expand the scale of the war to achieve the so-called "final solution."
In June 1946, the War of Liberation was first opened in the Central Plains Liberated Area, and under absolute advantage, Chiang Kai-shek launched a full-scale attack on the Liberated Area. In less than a year, the plan was declared bankrupt, but the Kuomintang army still had its advantages.
The Liberation War thus entered the second stage of the so-called key offensive. The Kuomintang army focused on the Liberated Area of Shaanxi and Liberated Areas of Shandong, but was also defeated. At this point, the Liberation War entered the strategic counterattack stage of our army. After the end of the three major battles, Chiang Kai-shek's rule in the whole of China was shaky, and the entire north of the Yangtze River was fully liberated.
As Chairman Mao wrote in his poem "Seven-character Codes: The People's Liberation Army Occupies Nanjing", for Chiang Kai-shek, a vicious class enemy and revolutionary traitor, the oppressor of the people, and the executioner of revolutionaries, it should be ", the remaining bravery should be pursued by the poor bandits, and not seek fame and learning overlords ".
After exposing Chiang Kai-shek's fake stepping down and negotiations, the millions of troops flew across the river from the west to the Hukou of Jiujiang, Jiangxi and Taizhou, Jiangsu in just a few days.
On April 23, Nanjing was liberated, and the Jiang family dynasty ended.
History has proved that whoever relies on the people and whoever is for the people will stand on whose side. From a revolutionary who was willing to sacrifice his life in his early years, Chiang Kai-shek transformed into a big landlord, capitalist and spokesperson for British and American imperialism, he would naturally be ruthlessly abandoned and despised.
2. The battle to the east of Zhejiang and the decision-making background
As early as the preparation stage of the Crossing the River Battle, the General Front Committee composed of the Second Field and Third Field had formulated a detailed combat plan. The extremely important thing in is to fully liberate Jiangsu, southern Anhui and the entire Zhejiang province . As the core area ruled by Chiang Kai-shek, this region has a developed economy and a large population. If it can be successfully liberated, it will be of decisive significance to completely defeat Chiang Kai-shek's reactionaries.
Chairman Mao correctly pointed out at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Xibaipo in March 1949: "After the three battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai and Pingjin, the main force of the Kuomintang army has been eliminated. ...In the future, the way to solve these more than one million Kuomintang troops is nothing more than Tianjin, Peiping and Suiyuan . Using combat to solve the enemy, such as solving the enemy in Tianjin, is still the first thing we must pay attention to and prepare. "
After the liberation of Nanjing, the General Front Committee based on the Yangtze River The Kuomintang army retreated southward and quickly adjusted its offensive deployment under the unified command of Su Yu, the main force of the Third Field Army advanced rapidly toward the Danyang , Jintan, Liyang , and the west side of Taihu Lake and the lines of Nanling , Xuancheng , Guangde , and the Wuxing area, completing the battle encirclement, annihilated the Kuomintang army fleeing south from Nanjing, Zhenjiang , and Wuhu area, and the Seventh Corps were preparing to capture Hangzhou.
On May 3, the 7th Corps of occupied Hangzhou. Chairman Mao was at the moment when the People's Liberation Army was advancing bravely and successfully suddenly sent a personal report to make instructions to protect Chiang Kai-shek's ancestral home in Fenghua.
In the next half month, with the cooperation of the eastern Zhejiang guerrillas, the corps successfully liberated the entire eastern Zhejiang region and entered the 61st Division of the 21st Army of the 7th Corps of the Third Field Army of the People's Liberation Army in Xikou, Fenghua, from top to bottom, resolutely implemented Chairman Mao's instructions to protect the ancestral tomb of the Jiang family's ancestral home.
The real background of Chairman Mao’s decision making is unknown . As for the situation at that time, the People's Liberation Army had liberated most of China with a destruction and destruction. With the fall of the Jiangnan region and the decrease in the US aid, the possibility of Chiang Kai-shek's turnaround can be said to be slim.
If Chiang Kai-shek was named the number one war criminal of the civil war by Chairman Mao at that time, it would be difficult to understand the current decision. After all, no one expected that Taiwan would be separated from the mainland of the motherland for so long because of Chiang Kai-shek's entrenchment after his defeat.
Chairman Mao was able to do this, is nothing more than a magnanimity of saving the people from water and fire, wants to minimize the ordinary Chinese who died in the War of Liberation as much as possible. Just imagine if Chiang Kai-shek could be influenced, the process of the Liberation War would be greatly accelerated.
In addition, after liberation, Chairman Mao's attitude towards surrender, surrender and captured Kuomintang and Japanese puppet members was "No one will be killed, most of them will not be arrested" , which is also to unite the people of the whole country, so that everyone can make their own use of their own, and contribute to the construction of a socialist country in peaceful times.
It can be seen from this that even if you really capture him as the number one war criminal like Chiang Kai-shek, Chairman Mao is very likely to let him go on a road of life. As for the purpose of peaceful liberation of Taiwan, this practice played an unexpected role at that time.
3. How did the People's Liberation Army protect Xikou town
Fenghua Xikou Town has a beautiful scenery, a long history, and many historical sites. It is known as the "Thousand-year-old Ancient Town". According to the recollections of Hu Wei, the then commander of the 61st Division in Jiefangxikou, , the People's Liberation Army protected her at that time.
"After receiving the order to seize Xikou and Fenghua, we immediately adjusted our military deployment and conveyed and learned Chairman Mao's instructions to the army to prevent a few comrades from violating discipline out of resentment towards the civil war. ...Occupying Xikou at 8:00 on the 25th and occupying Fenghua in the afternoon. After Chiang Kai-shek was forced to retreat in late January, he continued to control the Kuomintang's party, government and military power in Xikou until our army crossed the Yangtze River. The local area was the hardest hit area of reactionary propaganda."
"When I first entered Xikou Town, the people in the town hid at home because they didn't understand our troops.Because we have conducted education in advance, officers and soldiers of the army can abide by discipline and policies and carry out extensive publicity work. At that time, the division headquarters lived in the Jiang family Fenghao room. The Jiang family has a lot of fine rice noodles, bacon, ham, seafood and other foods. The troops marched and fought for many days, and the officers and soldiers consumed a lot of physical strength. Moreover, the living conditions of our army were very difficult at that time, but in the face of these delicacies, everyone did not move at all. "
" All rooms of the Jiang family are covered with luxurious carpets. The comrades who live there roll up the carpets when they sleep at night before sleeping to avoid staining or damage to the carpets. The division's Political Department also gathered the personnel who were in charge of the Jiang family and Jiang's mother's tomb to publicize the party's policies and disciplines and required them to resolutely perform their duties of guarding them. "
" After witnessing the actual actions of our army, the doubts and vigilance of our party and army began to be gradually eliminated. The mayor and the principal of Wuling Middle School also brought more than a hundred people and students, carrying rice, flour, pork and other foods, and gongs to visit the troops. The principal repeatedly said: Your army is truly a benevolent and righteous army. We have misunderstandings, and we are really ashamed. "
4. The far-reaching impact of vision and excellence
General Wang Zhen once said that Chairman Mao has seen fifty years more than us. Not venting anger because of temporary justice and personal grudges has had an immeasurable positive effect in the next few decades of history.
Although Chiang Kai-shek's own burial place was the Zhengqi Pavilion between the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum on Zijin Mountain in Nanjing, after retreating to Taiwan, he still paid great attention to his hometown's ancestral residence and ancestral tomb . His son Jiang Ching-kuo As the second-generation leader of Taiwan, he hoped to be buried beside the tomb of his mother Mao Fumei at Xikou.
There was an unknown channel in the 1950s According to the news, the former residence and ancestral tomb of the Jiang family had been flattened. Chiang Kai-shek was extremely sad and tried every means to inquire about the situation. After learning about it, Chairman Mao specially instructed the relevant responsible persons of the Central Committee to write to Chiang Kai-shek through Cao Juren. In the letter, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized to Chiang Kai-shek that " Fenghua's tomb is still, and the flowers and plants at the entrance of the stream are safe. ".
1957, Mr. Cao Juren came to the mainland and made a special trip to Fenghua Xikou, living in Miaogaotai where Chiang Kai-shek lived, visiting Chiang Kai-shek's Fenghaofang and Wenchang Pavilion where Chiang Ching-kuo lived, and also visiting Chiang Kai-shek's ancestral tomb "Ci'an". Wherever he went, Cao Juren took photos one by one and immediately sent them to Taiwan , and Cao Juren said " Zunfu courtyard gardens are as neat as before, which is enough to prove that the authorities' maintenance is very important. ".
Chiang Kai-shek had to sincerely lament that he not only lost the war and China, but also lost his character . As early as the first four anti-encirclement and suppression of the Central Revolutionary Base, the Kuomintang army was repeatedly defeated by Chairman Mao.
Cao Juren
Because the Central Revolutionary Base is located at the junction of Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian and other provinces, Chiang Kai-shek ordered He Jian to send troops to encircle and suppress the troops. However, He Jian suffered several defeats in the army and was even attacked and occupied by the Red Army. The provincial capital Changsha.
Chiang Kai-shek was furious after learning about it and scolded He Jian. He Jian was so angry that he was angry but had no idea. His brother Wu Kai offered a vicious plan at this time: As long as the "dragon vein" is removed, the Mao family will naturally fall. He Jian repeatedly claimed that he was, and he also secretly reported this plan to Chiang Kai-shek and received praise immediately.
On the night of June 29, 1932, the reactionary army raided the Mao family's ancestral grave, which made people sigh at Chiang Kai-shek's viciousness.
He Jian
But Chairman Mao did not think of hatred at all, and still planned to make a plan for the country's major events , in order to one day peacefully liberate Taiwan. All kinds of goodwill releases obviously also attracted Chiang Kai-shek's attention.
On the one hand, the larger battle between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait was gradually subsided after the Taiwan Strait crisis in 1958, and on the other hand, Chiang Kai-shek also strictly suppressed Taiwan independence elements on the island to make trouble. Some informal ties have been established between the two sides through channels such as Hong Kong.
After the reform and opening up, cross-strait relations were further eased. In 1979, at the suggestion of Liao Chengzhi, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China allocated 300,000 yuan to repair Chiang Kai-shek's former residence and Chiang's tomb.
1981, at the conference commemorating the 70th anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution, Hu Yaobang announced that " Xikou tomb has been restored, and Lushan Meilu is maintained as usual", causing a sensation at home and abroad. Chiang Ching-kuo exclaimed: " The Communist Party did a good thing, and the money should be paid by me. "
In 1987, at the end of Chiang Ching-kuo's reign, Taiwan adjusted the "three no" policy, and opened Taiwan residents to visit relatives in the mainland - the isolation of compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait for nearly 38 years was finally broken, and cross-strait relations have undergone historic changes. It is hard to say that there is no major role that Chairman Mao clearly instructed to protect the goodwill of the Chiang family's ancestral home from the beginning.
Now, Chiang Kai-shek's ancestral residence and tomb are still well preserved . In 1996, the State Council announced that Jiang's former residence Fenghaofang was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit. At the same time, the remains of the "two Chiangs" in other places, such as Lushan, Jiangxi, Ganzhou, , Ganzhou, Huangshan, Chongqing, and "Presidential Palace" in Nanjing, are all repaired and protected one by one.
Although the Jiang family’s ancestral residence is completely protected, cross-strait relations have been severely affected by the arrogance of Taiwan independence elements. With the successors such as Jiang Xiaoyan, the third-generation descendant of the Jiang family, Jiang Wanan, and other successors returning to Taiwan’s political arena, believes that the seeds planted by Chairman Mao himself will usher in new fruits.
