Huang Jibo's style and shadow hunting Jumbo Huang Huang's collection of ancient buildings
Chapter 3105: The Han Censor's Sword has been studying hard for ten years, hoping to climb the guizhi in the palace
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I saw several workers climbing to the roof for construction, and there was also a worker mixing a bathtub-sized batch of ash. Sanhua Primary School is on the right, and its predecessor began in Chenguang Primary School during the Anti-Japanese War.
I also saw another ancestral hall being renovated. I don’t know if it was “Fuyuan Xugong Temple” or “Fuyuan Xugong Temple”. The plaque was stopped by scaffolding. The dust on the scene was too heavy, so I asked the workers that I didn’t know what it was called. Later, I consulted the experts and said it was [A Collection of the Ancient Architectures of the Imperial Family] No. 31405: The Temple of Xu Gong of Fuyuan, which is also the inscription of Liang Jiutu mentioned above. Teacher Luo read too much of his fonts and vaguely saw the signature.
I walked closer to the Xugong Temple in Fuyuan again and saw a middle-aged man repairing the gray sculpture on the roof. I looked carefully and found that he looked very much like Shao Chengcun. I don’t know if it was his real body. I really wanted to call his name, but I was worried that he would fall off the roof.
There are many people in China who have always wanted to figure out the reason for the construction of the Sanhua Village Supervisor’s Temple. I have looked up many Qing Dynasty archives, such as imperial examination materials, gentry materials, local chronicles, and miscellaneous works, but I have never found the answer. Later, the Huadu people made an exploration and I found it very meaningful.
Check "Sanhua Village Xu Family Genealogy" (the 27th generation Xu Yanli's name is Chu Yuanchao), Xu Shi, the 21st generation grandson of Xu Zongyuan, the founding ancestor of the Xu family in Sanhua Village, gave birth to five sons, the eldest son Xu Juekui, the second son Xu Dekui, the third son Xu Zhikui, the fourth son Xu Diankui, and the fifth son Xu Jiekui. The genealogy says that Xu Juekui lost his father at the age of thirteen, and his four younger brothers were all taught by him. Moreover, he said that he had laws in managing the family, "as for building pavilions and temples, they all were happy to promote it." It can be seen that this family is rich, rich and kind.
Why is Xu Juekui rich? The genealogy shows that he is an entrepreneur, but he does not mention what business he has started. In ancient times, "everything is inferior, only studying is high." He was a business owner. Few genealogy records business names or industries. Xu Juekui left behind a poem "Tracking back the hardships of life in his later years": "Who knows that life is dangerous and unfair, doing things is not different from being an orphan, planning business and slander, working hard and laughing ignorant, and staying in the way of building a house, and buying a fortune is even more suspicious. I have lost all my money at all, and I haven't found out when I will take up the farming."
poem reveals only the difficulty of doing business. In short, Xu Juekui became a wealthy man. In the eighth year of Jiaqing, the Xu family made an appointment to build the Zejiang Ancestral Temple in Longjin, the provincial capital of Guangzhou (the ancestral hall commemorating the father of Xu Zongyuan, the founding ancestor Xu Xin, and the Jinshi).
"Each house gentry and gentry was the general manager." Xu Xin was the founder of the Xu family's entry into Guangdong. From this point of view, we can infer that among the descendants of Xu Xin in Guangdong Province, Xu Juekui is the richest and most respectful. However, there is no information, which proves that Xu Juekui founded Wuguitang Bookstore. However, it is possible that Xu Juekui's second brother Xu Dekui opened Wuguitang Bookstore.
Wuguitang Bookstore publishes all best-selling books, and their income is estimated to be considerable. Moreover, Wuguitang also borrowed book pages to advertise, such as Ou Jiaquan's "Sanitary Medicine Essence, Ringer Skin Water, Jishi Water, Lizhi Toothache Water, Qipu San, Head Thorn Pills", and Guangsi Diao Jing Pills from Tianxitang. Wuguitang has gone from a bookstore to a bookstore, and from a provincial capital to a Hong Kong.Moreover, the sales of
's books have spread to the whole country and even Southeast Asia. I believe I have made a lot of money. The wealthy Xu family continued to improve the technical content of printing books in the later period, from engraving printing, movable type printing to lithographic printing, to hand-crank printing, to setting up a factory to start printing with a printing machine, and experienced several changes in the era. But it was almost all about entering the old country. So in the Qing Dynasty, where did the money Wuguitang earn? Moreover, no materials have been found to record the actions of the Wuguitang Bookstore, Xu's family in Huaxian County. Imagine that if the bookstore was opened in the Daoguang period, there would be decades that the Xu family had accumulated abundant capital, and so in the Tongzhi period, the Zizheng Dafu Temple was built.
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 The online introduction of the Zizheng Dafu Temple cannot stand scrutiny, and there are many loopholes in the records. For example, the Nanshan Academy is a mistake in Xu Shiliang's "Life Temple", because it was "given", which means that Xu Shiliang has passed away, so how can the "Life Temple" be said to be "Life Temple". Because the Xu brothers asked for a title to be given to their ancestors, it was ridiculous that they had the idea that they were deeply appreciated by the court, and the statement that they were in office in the Ministry of War was also suspicious. Xu Dekui and Xu Diankui were brothers, and they were also mistakenly father and son. Xu Biaozheng and Xu Juekui are not father-son relationships. Such a misunderstanding of the words "Hundred Poisons and Hundred Departments" is really worrying.
The emperor's imperial decree used "the title of doctor in the Ministry of War" and "the title of chief in the Ministry of War". The word "全" shows that he has a false position. Perhaps the two of them did not hold actual positions in the court. The "Complete Book of the Qing Dynasty" and "Resume Archives of the Qing Dynasty Officials" during the Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi and Guangxu periods of the Qing Dynasty cannot be found at all. It can be confirmed again that they did not serve in the Ministry of War, but were red-topped merchants, and they were donated titles. The genealogy also mentioned that Xu Shixian was "delegated to the Zhili Prefectures and Prefectures" and should also be a red-topped businessman.
As for the Grand Duke Temple, it could not have been built by the emperor for money. The Qing court was always short of money and always tried every means to sell official titles to enrich the national treasury. How could there be money to build a temple for the ministers? Not to mention small officials of such level as the doctor of the Ministry of War and the head of the Ministry of War, even the powerful and powerful officials who served as chief officials in the court would never dare to dream of building such a building complex with their salary.
Therefore, the construction of the Ministry of Education’s Temple must have been built by Xu Fangzheng and Xu Biaozheng. If it weren't for the wealthy, how could it have risen in the past few years? As for the Sanhua Xu family, who has such financial resources besides Wuguitang Bookstore, which is dominant in Guangdong's publishing industry?
Because of the incomplete information of the Xu family genealogy in Sanhua Village, the relationship between Xu Fangzheng, the first generation of Wuguitang Bookstore, Xu Xuecheng, Xu Xueyuan, the third generation of Xu Yingxi and Xu Yinghe, who were verified by relevant experts. So it can only be imagined. If this idea is right, the construction mystery of this building of the Zizheng Dafu Temple, known as the largest building in Guangzhou, may be solved.
There were many red-topped merchants in Guangdong in the Qing Dynasty, such as Pan Zhengwei, who was from Tongfuxing at the same time, and his business name was Pan Shaoguang, and he also donated to the doctor. "Guangzhou Prefecture Chronicle" records that he was a fourth-rank Zhongxian doctor. Wu Chongyao, who was in the thirteenth voyage, and his name was Wu Shaorong in the business, gave generously in the Opium War and performed outstandingly. He went to Guangzhou to preside over the anti-English minister, and submitted a memorial to Yishan, the imperial envoy of the emperor who presided over the anti-English rebellion, and wrote: "The juren Wu Chongyao donated more than 10,000 taels of silver from the river, and donated 30,000 taels of silver from the fort, and
and donated another ten bronze cannons, paying more than 30,000 taels of silver, totaling more than 70,000 taels of silver. He intends to reward the flower feathers and use it as a doctor." Check the "Election Table" of Volume 58 of the "Guangzhou Prefecture Chronicles", which records that he was a doctor of Ronglu. It can be seen that the position of doctor can be donated. And the more you donate, the higher the position. The doctor was originally a fifth-rank official. Later, Wu Chongyao made contributions to "salary military salaries and reconciliation of Chinese and foreign affairs" and was awarded the second-rank official with the title of flower feather and cloth envoy by the Qing Dynasty. He has been promoted to the first-rank official Ronglu doctor who is ranked higher than the senior official.
According to the genealogy, Xu Dekui died in the 14th year of Jiaqing at the age of 56. His only son Xu Shixian died in the 21st year of Jiaqing at the age of 32. At that time, he had only son Xu Fangzheng, and his father was only 5 years old when he died.Uncle Xu Diankui saw that Xu Fangzheng was weak and took care of him from food, clothing, housing and transportation, and protected his wealth for him. He also told his son Xu Shiliang to be good at raising him and to become famous. Xu Shiliang followed his father's advice and operated a business on behalf of his cousin Shi Xian. When Xu Fangzheng grew up, he was able to donate his title and ask for a gift. He thanked his uncle for his kindness, so he gave him a gift from his grandfather Xu Diankui as a diplomat.
The Secretariat Temple, built in the ninth year of Tongzhi, was built by Xu Fangzheng to commemorate his grandfather Xu Dekui, uncle Xu Diankui and father Xu Shixian. The genealogy says that Xu Diankui asked his son Xu Shiliang to run business on behalf of Xu Shixian. What exactly did he do? Could it be Wuguitang Bookstore? According to the genealogy, Xu Fangzheng is a scholar, or could Xu Fangzheng be the "failed scholar" Xu Xuecheng? Could Xu Biaozheng be Xu Xueyuan? The ancients said: "The bad ghost scholars often have different characters." Moreover, people in the business world often have new names. Does the family genealogy and the cousin recorded in the emperor's imperial edict match this cousin in Wuguitang Bookstore?
There are experts in Huadu who have clarified this history:
Wuguitang Bookstore I: Xu Dekui. He had a successful and respected elder brother who was founded, probably after the brothers split up their families and had their own businesses. Xu Dekui opened Wuguitang Bookstore in Xiguan around the Jiaqing period. Matuqi bought books in Guangzhou from the late Jiaqing period to the early Daoguang period, which was just right.
Wuguitang Bookstore II: Xu Shixian. During his lifetime, he donated his position as "Zhili Prefectures and Prefectures". Because he died early, his cousin Xu Shiliang managed it on his behalf. Xu Shiliang was a tribute student in the year of the Xianfeng period and was a filial and honest person. Filial piety and integrity are a form of the court's choice of talents with both moral integrity and talent from the folk scholars. Since the Yongzheng period, the new emperor succeeded to the throne, and the capital ordered the provincial government, prefecture, county and guard to recommend "filial piety, integrity and integrity" and grant sixth ranks of clothes for convening. After Qianlong, he was recommended and sent to the Ministry of Personnel for inspection and was granted the position of magistrate or teaching. Xu Shiliang never became an official in his life. If he were running Wuguitang Bookstore, how could he have time to become an official?
Wuguitang Bookstore III: Xu Fangzheng (son of Xu Shixian), Xu Biaozheng (son of Xu Shiliang), namely Xu Xuecheng and Xu Xueyuan mentioned above. It seems that after Xu Shiliang grew up, he handed over Wuguitang back to Xu Fangzheng to take over, and Xu Biaozheng also occupied the shares. Xu Fangzheng was grateful for his kindness for his grandfather Xu Diankui and his uncle Xu Shiliang's "preserving his wealth", so he donated it to the doctor of the Ministry of War (the doctor's rank is higher than the head of the head, which shows that he is a major shareholder) and donated it to his uncle. This is relatively rare because according to the regular rules, you can only give it to your own grandfather. The construction of the ancestral hall was a matter during the Tongzhi period. It can be imagined that this was the most prosperous period of Wugui Hall in the Qing Dynasty.
Wuguitang Bookstore IV: The name is unknown.
555年官网站官网: Xu Yingxi, Xu Yinghe. In 1925, Xu Yinghe was in his 20s. If he had graduated in 1972, Xu Yinghe would be about 70 years old. It seems that Wuguitang Bookstore Sixth generation no longer inherits its ancestral property.
As the saying goes, wealth can only last for three generations, and it is rare for Wuguitang's business to flourish for five generations. However, reasonable inferences still lack some strong evidence. We hope to find more information about Wuguitang, clear away the fog of history, and get closer to the world of Xu's Wuguifang. To fulfill this wish, we must also try our best to collect relevant documents, organize and analyze them in detail, and hope to get help from the descendants of the Xu family in Sanhua Village to jointly explore this Lingnan cultural treasure.
"Lingnan Literature and History" 1993 Issue 04, 1993 A full text of "Wuguitang Bookstore" signed by Liang Wei: From the late Qing Dynasty to the 1940s, in Guangzhou and the Pearl River Delta, many housewives liked to sing "Muyu" (local folk songs) to entertain themselves. At that time, the famous wooden fish "Flower Notes" was once known as the "Eighth Talented Man" book; the long "Back to the Red Luo", "Guanyin's Birth", "Purple Sauvignon" and so on were very popular. This situation is actually related to the Wuguitang Bookstore, which printed Muyu books at that time.
Wuguitang was founded during the Guangxu period and its address is in Guangzhou No. 7th Floor (now Guangfu Middle Road). Xu Xuecheng, a scholar who lost his post in the late Qing Dynasty, and his cousins Xu Xueyuan, Lin Gui and Bixiang (all from Huaxian, Guangdong) raised 600 taels of silver to jointly operate.
When it was first opened, Wuguitang hand-printed in woodcuts and published a large number of wooden fish books, Nanyin, dragon boats, verses, old novels, as well as books, calendars, four books and four classics, etc. By the early years of the old country, Japanese hand-crank printing presses were switched to, and the production of printed books increased significantly and the sales were wider. By 1915, Guangzhou Wuguitang had opened a branch in Holihuo Road, Hong Kong, with Lin Gui as the branch manager. Ten years later, because Lin Gui withdrew from the stock, Xu Xuecheng, who was then the general manager of Guangzhou Wuguitang, sent his nephew Xu Yinghe (Wuhan) to Hong Kong to replace Lin Gui. At that time, Xu Yinghe was in his 20s and was very business-minded. Therefore, his business in Hong Kong was booming and sold in faraway Chinese regions in Southeast Asia and North America. Therefore, today, museums and libraries in Britain, the United States, France and other countries all contain wooden fish books printed by Wuguitang.
Due to the leap and progress of modern printing technology, ancient printing technology could not keep up with the development of the situation. Guangzhou Wuguitang Bookstore ended in the late 1940s; and Hong Kong Wuguitang Branch was also closed in July 1972.
"Liwan Museum" briefing (third issue) "Xiguan Ancient Printing
Brush Shop-Danguitang and Wuguitang" and Li Fuqing's "Records of the Book of the Guangdong Literature Journal in Germany" also mention the Xu brothers, the founder of Wuguitang. The article "Liwan Museum" also has no source. Li Fuqing's information source is the book "Records and Research on the Book of Wood Fish Collection at the University of Hong Kong" (the author is Liang Peichi, a Chinese scholar in the United States). It is unknown whether all the information is from the copy of Liang Peichi. Liang Peichi's article records the memories of Mr. Xu Yingxi, the grandson of Xu Xueyuan, the founder of Wuguitang.
Li Fuqing's article mentioned one of the plays: "New Selected Golden Wire Butterfly Complete Version", with the cover marked: "New Engraving in the Second Year of Tongzhi", with the title on the upper right: "Snowflake Woman Disguised as a Man to Visit the Prison", with the title on the lower right: "Step-Flying a Man to Make Up" and the title on the lower left: "Tang Longguang's Marriage" in the upper left: "The Provincial Capital Fuguitang Collection Board" in front of the catalog, with the title on the lower left: "The Provincial Capital Wuguitang Collection Board" and the list on the side: "The owner of Baopu Tower was edited by the owner". It is divided into five volumes and five volumes. The text indicates "Wuguitang Collection Board" in front of the text, which is collected by the Berlin Library in Germany. The article of Tan’s Classic (referring to the article "Muyu Song·Secret of Chaozhou Song" by Tan Zhengbi) has Wuguitang board on page 61,
Liang’s Classic (referring to the article "Muyu Song Records and Research of Wooden Fish Books collected by the University of Hong Kong" by American Chinese scholar Liang Peichi) has a version of Hong Kong Wuguitang. The article of Liang’s Classic (referring to the article "Muyu Song Records and Research on Wooden Fish Books collected by the University of Hong Kong") has a version of Hong Kong Wuguitang, which is indicated in 253-256. After 1949, the Hong Kong Wuguitang Branch continued to publish wooden fish books after Guangzhou Wuguitang. The catalog of Liang quoted the recollection of Mr. Xu Yingxi, the grandson of Xu Xueyuan, the founder of Wuguitang, "Wuguitang was founded in the middle of the Guangxu period" and was opened about twenty years ago, and it was transferred to the old country. Wuguitang was founded at the first shop at the Qifuzhakou, Xiguan, Guangzhou Province (see page 253). If so, Wuguitang was opened in the late 1880s. However, in the second year of Tongzhi, it was more than 20 years ago, so I dare not believe in Mr. Xu’s memories. I suspect that Wuguitang may start earlier and wait for the test.
Li Fuqing also wrote the 1864 catalog he saw at the K·T·Völcker Old Bookstore in Frankfurt, Germany. Among them, there is the Wuguitang version of "The Complete Book of the Newly Carved Yuxiao Qin Ji", so he once again questioned Xu Yingxi's memories: "If the memories of Mr. Xu Yingxi, the descendant of the founder of Wuguitang, I quoted earlier, are indeed reliable, then the ones written by Tan and Liang should be versions after the middle of the Guangxu period. However, the bibliography we quoted was indeed made in 1864, and this work should have been before 1864."
9
Let’s take a look at the briefing of Liwan Museum (Issue 3) on page 8 of "The Ancient Printing Store in Xiguan - Danguitang and Wuguitang":
Before the development of the printing industry, it was mostly printed in woodcut hand-printed. There was a bookstore called Wuguitang in the seventh day of Xiguan, Guangzhou. It was opened between Tongzhi and Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. Before Wuguitang opened, there was also a Danguitang. The Danguitang business was to specialize in printing Muyu books, class books (scripts), dragon boats, folk songs and other publications. At that time, Muyu books, dragon boats and other books were very popular and the business was busy.Following the opening of Wuguitang by Xu (rumored to be Xu Xuecheng), a native of Hua County,
is a hand-crank printing machine. In addition to publishing wooden fish books, versions of dragon boats and other publications, it also printed old novels such as "Jade Pear Soul", "Broken Qin Tower", "Hate Sea", "Nine Life Strange Injustice", etc., and the book calendar, and went to the Red Book, the Four Books and Five Classics. Therefore, the printing volume increased greatly and the sales became wider. By 1915, Wuguitang's business was prosperous, and it opened branches on Helihuo Road, Hong Kong, with sales directly to Southeast Asia and overseas. Today, libraries in Britain and the United States are proud of their collection of ancient printed books and magazines containing Danguitang and Wuguitang in my country.
In the prosperous period of business, there was another Huaxing Bookmark Office, which specialized in the Four Books and Five Classics and other reading books. Later, due to the increasing improvement of the printing industry, the ancient and slow work could not keep up with the situation. Wuguitang did not resume its business after the end of the Anti-Japanese War. There are still some people who read antique books in Wuguitang in Hong Kong, but not many of them, and it was declared over in the 1970s.
In the Qing Dynasty, Wukyu Fong, located in Guangzhou No. 7 Fu, was printed with carved plates in the early days, so the bookstore was not used at the beginning. Early books only printed with words such as "Wuguitang Board" or "Wuguitang Woodcut Book", "Wuguitang Collection Board of Provincial Capital", "Wuguitang Collection Edition of Provincial Capital No. 7 Fu Wuguitang Collection Edition". For example, the "Complete Version of Chen Shimei's Three Official Halls" collected by the Prussian Cultural Library in West Berlin has the "New Engraving of Xuantong Xinhai" on the top, the "Wu Guitang" is printed on the bottom, and the "Seventh Fu Gate of Eastern Guangdong" is printed on the bottom, and the "The Seventh Fu Gate of Eastern Guangdong" is printed on the bottom.
is the Seventh Fu Wu Guitang machine board. The article "Wuguitang Bookstore" says: "In the early years of the old country, Japanese hand-crank printing machine was used instead." However, the "Complete Version of Chen Shimei's Three Official Halls" in the Xuantong 1911 (1911) was already a machine seal. . .
, that is, the Zizheng Dafu Temple may have been built by shareholders of Wuguitang.
Huang Jianbo reference materials, the accumulation of culture, the glorious chapter of the world.
1. The Seminary of the Master of the Ministry of Education. Baidu Travel;
2. Huadu Zizheng Dafu Temple Building Complex. Guangdong Culture Network.
3. "The Remaining of the Last Dynasty: The Life of Chinese Explorer Karl Friedrich Neumann and His Rare Collection of Our Country", Karl Friedrich Neumann, Onorato Martucci, Etienne Quatremère, Georg Reismüller.
Chapter 3106: A branch of Bi Zhang Desheng in Huaxian, the Bi Family Ancestral Hall Mu Huangxiang
