reporter Zhao Shifeng
According to " Nippon Keizai ", British scientific information company Clarivate An announced on September 21 that this year's "Clarivate Ann Citation Award" was awarded to 20 people. By observing the past, many people who won this award later won the Nobel Prize for , so the "Clarivian Citation Laurel Award" is also regarded as the "barometer" of the Nobel Prize. This year's Nobel Prize will be announced from October 3 to 10.
Hasegawa Adult (right) who won the "Clarivian Citation Crown Award".
Clarivial's prediction accuracy is high
The "Clarivial Citation Crown Award" is a researcher who has been cited many times and is expected to win the Nobel Prize. Since 2002, analysts at the Clarivate Institute of Science Information have selected the Nobel Prize-related physiology or the most influential top scientific researchers in the fields of medicine, physics, chemistry and economics based on the large comprehensive database of Web of Science every year, and selected the winners of the "Clarivate Citation Award" from the authors of these papers. Their research results have a very high citation frequency and have a great impact on scientific development. Some have even made revolutionary contributions in a certain field.
According to Clarivian, the scope of research for this year's winners includes revolutionary research on breast cancer and ovarian cancer, flexible " electronic skin ", and economic research on happiness and well-being. Among the 20 winners, 14 were from the United States, 3 were from Japan, 2 were from the United Kingdom, and 1 was from Germany. Analysis by Clarivate Institute of Science and Information shows that their research results are generally believed to be at the level of winning the Nobel Prize.
2015 Nobel Prize Ceremony was held in Stockholm Concert Hall.
Based on this prediction, the potential winners of this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medical include Hasegawa, director of the Department of Brain Neuroscience at the Tokyo Metropolitan Medical Science Institute, Japan, Li Wenyu, an adult and Chinese-American neuropathologist, Mary King, professor of medicine and genomics at the University of Washington in the United States, and Stewart Okin, a distinguished professor of pediatrics and pediatric oncologist at Harvard Medical School in the United States.
This year's Nobel Prize in Physics include German experimental physicist Emanuel Bloch, Stanford University professor Stephen Quaker , Japanese National Institute of Materials Sciences Takashi Taniguchi and Kenji Watanabe; Nobel Prize in Chemistry , potential winners include Professor of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at Stanford University in the United States and Chinese female scientist Bao Zhenan , Princeton University professor Bonnie Bassler and Professor of microbiology at the University of Washington School of Medicine, and Daniel Nosera, professor of chemistry and Chemical Biology at Harvard University in the United States. Among them, Bao Zhenan won the "Clarivian Citation Award" in the field of chemistry for "developing a new bionic application of organic and polymer electronic material , including flexible 'electronic skin'."
This year's Nobel Prize in Economics potential winners include Daron Azimeru, professor of economics at MIT, professor of at MIT, professor Simon Johnson and professor of at the University of Chicago, professor of at the University of Chicago, professor of at the University of Massachusetts, professor of hampers and Herbert Gentis, professor of economics at the University of Southern California, Richard Eastlin, professor of London School of Economics, and Andrew Oswald, professor of economics at the University of Warwick.
It is reported that Clarivate has predicted the Nobel Prize for 20 consecutive years, with relatively high accuracy. 64 winners of the "Clarivate Citation Award" have won the Nobel Prize.
Akasaki Akasaki , Hiroshi Amano , and Shuji Nakamura (from left) who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in .
Japanese "blooming" award-winning
This year, the three Japanese researchers who won the "Clarivate Citation Award" include 61-year-old Hasegawa adult, also include Japanese material researcher, 63-year-old Naotani Taniguchi, and 60-year-old Kenji Watanabe. Hasegawa discovered protein , one of the causes of the difficult disease "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which causes the gradual inability of muscles to move. Taniguchi and Watanabe have produced high-purity crystals of boron nitride , which helps to evaluate the properties of the highly anticipated new generation material graphene.
Nobel Prize was founded in 1901 and is divided into six major awards: physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, economics and peace. Each award is selected at most 3 people each year. To date, a total of 25 people in Japan have won the Nobel Prize. In addition, three Japanese American scientists and one Japanese British writer won the Nobel Prize. However, no Japanese or Japanese person has won the Nobel Prize in Economics established in 1969.
The first Nobel Prize winner in Japan was Yukawa Hideki , which won the Physics Prize in 1949. Yukawa was only 43 years old when he won the award. His main contribution was to predict the existence of new particles called " meson " in modern physics research. But about 50 years after Yukawa won the award, only five Japanese people won the Nobel Prize in the field of natural sciences. In March 2001, the Japanese government issued the "Second Phase Basic Science and Technology Plan" to strengthen investment in four fields: life sciences, information communications, environmental protection and nanomaterials, and attract and cultivate young researchers with competitive research funds in order to win 30 Nobel Prizes within 50 years.
2021 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony was changed to be held online.
Since 2000, the Japanese have begun to win "explosive" awards, and 16 people have won the Nobel Prize in the field of natural sciences. In addition, , , , html Nakamura Shuji and Makoto Shuro, who have become American citizens, also won the Nobel Prize in Physics during this period. It is worth mentioning that all of these 19 people received basic education and university education in Japan. Nanbu Yoichiro, Nakamura Shuji and Makoto Shuro completed their undergraduate to doctoral studies at , Tokyo University and Tokushima University respectively.
Although Japanese people frequently win the Nobel Prize, the industry generally believes that this is not the result of scientific research investment this century, but the return of Japan's long-term investment in basic research. It usually takes a considerable time to appear to be highly recognized. Data released by the Ministry of Culture and Science of Japan shows that since the 1940s, global Nobel Prize winners have to wait on average about 22 years from the time they produce results to the time they win. A relatively relaxed and equal research environment, a scientific research spirit that does not go with the flow, and a scientific research attitude that is focused on are all necessary conditions for achieving Nobel Prize-level scientific research results. The research results of the Nobel Prize-level research of
are inseparable from the efforts of several generations. With the economic takeoff and investment in scientific research increased significantly after World War II, Japan's scientific research level has made great progress. Looking at the previous research results, Japan still has many achievements that can win the Nobel Prize, and the Japanese's momentum of winning the award may continue for some time. The 2021 Nobel Prize Awards Ceremony was filmed in Stockholm, Sweden.
Scientific research investment slows down and is insufficient
Although the Nobel Prize has achieved great harvest in recent years, attracting global attention, there have been concerns from all walks of life in Japan that "it is likely to miss the Nobel Prize in the near future." The reason is that the award-winning research results are almost all decades ago. In the past 20 years, Japan's scientific research results have declined in both quality and quantity.
The Japanese government, which faces financial difficulties and population decline, has slowed its growth in scientific research investment. In terms of government research budgets, Japan's investment in 2018 was only 1.15 times that of 2000, with the lowest growth among the world's major scientific research countries. From 2012 to 2016, there were also declines or flats, with two years even reducing the amount exceeding 10 billion yen (about 500 million yuan). The result is that among the world's major scientific research countries, only Japanese researchers are decreasing in the number of papers published.From the 1980s to the early 1990s, among the top 10% of high-quality papers in the world, Japan ranked third behind the United States and the United Kingdom. During this period, many research results that later won the Nobel Prize were born. But since 2000, Japan's ranking has dropped significantly and has now dropped to 9th place.
Japanese Suzuka Medical Sciences President Toyota Nagahiro counted the number of per capita research papers in various countries and regions. The results showed that Japan ranks 39th in the world, even lower than that of Japan's Central and Eastern European countries such as Hungary and Poland .
does not have enough training and support for young scientific researchers, which has also led to a trend of young Japanese people staying away from scientific research. Judging from the past, most of the results of winning the Nobel Prize were obtained by researchers from the age of 25 to 45. Currently, most Japanese universities and research institutions use term employment system for young researchers aged 20 to 39. In order to pursue short-term results, it is difficult for researchers to conduct basic research steadily.
Japanese universities
2016 Nobel Prize winner Osumi Ryonomi and others have repeatedly called for Japanese society to create an environment to eliminate the worries of young people so that they can engage in scientific research with peace of mind. Nobel Prize winners such as Maikawa Toshiei and Kajita Takaaki also sounded the alarm bell of "Japanese scientific research is on the verge of crisis" in their exclusive interviews. Takaaki Kajita pointed out that research funds, research time and number of researchers are the three major factors that determine the number of papers. If Japan continues to deteriorate in these three aspects, it will be difficult to win the Nobel Prize in the future.
The Japanese government is also taking measures to address this situation. From 2018 to 2019, the fiscal budget will be increased by more than 10 billion yen and special investment will be made in scientific research projects. This is the first time since 2002 that Japan's budget has increased by more than 10 billion yen in terms of scientific research funds. In 2022, the Japanese government set up a fund of 100 billion yen to assist in the research and development of important technologies directly related to economic security, such as semiconductors, batteries, artificial intelligence, , quantum technology, etc.
In addition, the number of people who obtained a doctorate in Japan has been on a downward trend since reaching their peak in 2006. Japan cut funding from state universities, which directly led to a reduction in positions for young researchers. According to statistics from the Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Culture, Science and Technology of Japan, about 70% of the postdoctoral fellows who continue to conduct research activities after obtaining a doctorate degree received work with a term of less than three years.
To this end, the Japanese government sets up a new system in 2021 to provide living and scientific research subsidies for students studying for doctoral programs. In three fields, including information and AI technology, quantum , and materials, an average of 2 million to 2.5 million yen per year will be distributed to about 1,000 people per year (about 100,000 to 125,000 yuan) to cultivate professional talents indispensable for maintaining Japan's international competitiveness.
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