Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 10th. The State Council Information Office issued the white paper "China International Development Cooperation in the New Era" on the 10th.

From 2013 to 2018, China provided assistance to 122 countries and 20 international and regional multilateral organizations in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Oceania and Europe. Among them, there are 30 countries in Asia, 53 countries in Africa, 9 countries in Oceania, 22 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 8 countries in Europe.

(II) Methods are more diverse

China Aid Implementation Methods On the basis of building complete sets of projects, providing materials, carrying out technical cooperation, etc., a new South-South Cooperation Aid Fund Project has been added, and at the same time, the methods and means of foreign aid are constantly innovated.

——Aided to build a complete set of projects. From 2013 to 2018, China has built a total of 423 complete projects, focusing on infrastructure, agriculture and other fields.In addition to the traditional "China-Agent Construction" aid model, some countries with conditions will pilot the "self-built" method, that is, in some countries and regions with complete engineering construction bidding and tendering management systems and organizational and implementation experience, China provides financial and technical support, and relevant countries will be responsible for the survey, design, construction and process management of the project.

—Providing general supplies. From 2013 to 2018, China provided 890 batches of material assistance to 124 countries and regions, mainly including machinery and equipment, testing equipment, transportation tools, medicines and medical equipment.

——Carry technical cooperation. From 2013 to 2018, China completed 414 technical cooperation projects in 95 countries and regions, mainly involving industrial production and management, agricultural planting and breeding, cultural education, sports training, medical and health care, clean energy development, planning consultation and other fields.

——Carry out human resources development cooperation. China actively carries out cooperation in the development of foreign human resources through the implementation of official training and discussions, technical personnel training, and on-the-job academic degree education projects. The project involves more than 100 majors in 17 fields including politics and diplomacy, public administration, national development, agricultural poverty reduction, medical care, education and scientific research, culture and sports, transportation, etc. From 2013 to 2018, China held more than 7,000 projects, with a total of about 200,000 people benefiting.

——South South Cooperation Assistance Fund. As of the end of 2019, China has implemented 82 projects with 14 international organizations including the United Nations Development Program, the World Food Program, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund, the United Nations Population Fund, the United Nations Refugee Agency, the International Organization for Migration, and the International Red Cross, covering agricultural development and food security, poverty reduction, maternal and child health, health response, education and training, post-disaster reconstruction, immigration and refugee protection, and trade assistance.

——Send foreign medical teams. As of the end of 2019, China has sent long-term medical teams to 72 countries and regions, with a total of 1,069 batches of 27,484 medical team members, covering all fields of medical medicine, including domestic and foreign women and children, traditional Chinese medicine, anesthesia, nursing, pathology, testing, public health, etc. Currently, nearly a thousand medical team members are carrying out foreign medical assistance in 111 medical sites in 55 countries, including Africa, Asia, Oceania, America and Europe.

- Send volunteers. From 2013 to 2018, China sent more than 20,000 young volunteers and Chinese teacher volunteers to more than 80 countries.

- Provide emergency humanitarian assistance. From 2013 to 2018, China provided emergency humanitarian assistance to 60 countries, including providing emergency humanitarian aid materials and equipment, dispatching international rescue teams and medical expert teams, and repairing damaged facilities.

——Reduce and exempt relevant national debts. From 2013 to 2018, China exempted a total of 98 interest-free loan debts from least developed countries, heavily indebted poor countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing countries, with a cumulative amount of RMB 4.184 billion.

(III) Reform and management achieves new breakthroughs

In order to better adapt to the development of the new situation, China has reformed its foreign aid system and mechanism, continuously improved its management level, and promoted the new atmosphere of international development cooperation work in the new era.

——A breakthrough in institutional reform. In April 2018, China established the National International Development Cooperation Agency, which is a direct agency of the State Council, specializing in international development cooperation affairs. This is a major measure for China to maintain world peace and promote common development, which is conducive to strengthening the overall coordination of international development cooperation and forming a working synergy. The establishment of the National International Development Cooperation Agency is a milestone in China's history of foreign aid and marks a new journey for China's foreign aid cause.

——Management capabilities are constantly improving. Improve the expert argumentation and evaluation mechanism for aid projects and improve the quality and depth of project feasibility study. Include project environmental impact, follow-up operation management, etc. into the scope of project establishment research to enhance the forward-looking and foresight of project establishment demonstration. Build a project management rules and regulations with clear lines, improve project implementation enterprise qualification certification, government procurement, contract performance and other links, and build a bidding system with high quality and high prices as the core. Improve the integrity evaluation system of project implementation subjects and prevent project corruption risks. Optimize the rapid response mechanism for humanitarian emergency assistance and enhance the timeliness of assistance.Strengthen in-process supervision and post-process evaluation, and continuously improve the comprehensive benefits of aid.

3. Helping to jointly build the "Belt and Road" international cooperation

0 Since the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" initiative was proposed, China has actively carried out development cooperation in accordance with the development needs of relevant countries, playing a role in deepening policy communication, accelerating facility connectivity, promoting smooth trade, promoting financial access, and enhancing people-to-people communication, cultivating space, creating opportunities for development of all countries, and promoting high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road".

(I) Deepen policy communication

Policy communication is the basis for countries jointly building the "Belt and Road" to strengthen political mutual trust, carry out pragmatic cooperation, and deepen the integration of interests. Based on the concept of seeking common ground while reserving differences and gathering similarities, China has promoted two-way exchanges and understanding with the co-construction of the country through the establishment of officials and dispatching expert consultants, and promoted the development of countries with the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" in the same direction and synergistically and increase efficiency.

- Build a platform for the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" initiative to connect with the development strategies of various countries. More than 4,000 official training projects have been held for relevant countries around the themes related to the joint construction of the "Belt and Road". The training project has built an exchange platform for policy communication among countries. The trainees have exchanged on the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" initiative to better connect with the African Union's "2063 Agenda", "ASEAN Connectivity Master Plan 2025", the EU Eurasian Connectivity Strategy and other regional development plans, as well as Pakistan's "New Pakistan", Laos' "turning a land-locked country into a land-unit United Nations", the Philippines' "large-building and special construction", Kazakhstan's "light road", and Mongolia's "development road", planning cooperation results, and promoting the joint construction of the "Belt and Road".

- Create opportunities for regional economic and trade integration development. Send expert consultants to relevant countries to provide technical consulting services, deepen understanding of the national conditions and policies and legal systems of the Communist Party of China, and propose practical development plans to lay the foundation for effective cooperation. The China-Belarus Industrial Park is an economic and trade cooperation zone developed by China overseas and is known as the "jewel of the Silk Road Economic Belt." China implemented the industrial park policy guarantee technical assistance project for Belarus, shared the development model and experience of China's development zone with Belarus, and organized Belarusian personnel to inspect the Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone and Suzhou Industrial Park. Based on field inspections and in-depth exchanges, experts from the two countries jointly formulated the operation and management mechanism of the China-Belarus Industrial Park, policies such as investment promotion and industrial development, laying a solid policy foundation for promoting the long-term development of the industrial park.

(II) Accelerating the connectivity of facilities

interconnection is the key to jointly building the "Belt and Road". China actively supports the construction of backbone channels such as roads, railways, ports, bridges, and communication pipelines in the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" national highways, railways, ports, bridges, communication pipelines, and helps to create a large pattern of interconnection of "six corridors, six roads, multiple countries, and multiple ports".

—Support the construction of Liulang and Liulu Road. Support the construction of national infrastructure connectivity projects for jointly building the "Belt and Road" and let the ancient Silk Road be revitalized. In cooperation with the construction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, projects such as the Peshawar-Karachi Expressway and the Karakoram Highway have been successively implemented in Pakistan, promoting the prosperity of China-Pakistan land trade. In order to promote the construction of China-Indochina Peninsula and Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor, the construction of roads, bridges, tunnels and other infrastructure projects in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia have promoted the connectivity and joint development of Southeast Asia and South Asia. In the China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor, the construction of relevant sections of Kyrgyz north-south highways and the implementation of Tajikistan road restoration projects have improved local highway traffic conditions. The China-Europe Express connects more than 100 cities in more than 20 countries in Eurasia. During the epidemic, it played an important role as a logistics channel and made outstanding contributions to stabilizing the international industrial chain and supply chain.

—Supports the logistics channel of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. China takes the key ports of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road as nodes to support the construction of a smooth and efficient transportation channel.The expansion project of the Mauritania Friendship Port supported by China has significantly improved the port's throughput capacity, alleviated the phenomenon of cargo ships stagnant, and became a trade logistics node for the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.

—Supports air hub construction. In order to meet the growing demand for air transportation, China has helped Pakistan, Nepal, Maldives, Cambodia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Togo and other countries to implement airport upgrade and expansion projects, improving airport operation capabilities and safety, increasing passenger and freight throughput, driving the development of local tourism, bringing more convenience to cross-border personnel flow and trade exchanges, and creating more opportunities for integration into the "Belt and Road".

(III) Promoting smooth trade

Trade is an important engine of economic growth. Through trade promotion assistance, China has helped relevant countries improve trade conditions and improve trade development capabilities, laying a solid foundation for the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" countries to achieve smooth trade.

——Promote trade facilitation. In order to enhance the competitiveness of developing countries in the global supply chain layout, we will actively help countries jointly build the "Belt and Road" countries to improve trade infrastructure and promote the modernization of trade circulation. Container inspection equipment has been provided to more than 20 countries including Georgia, Armenia, Tanzania, Kenya, the Philippines, etc., to speed up the customs clearance and efficiency of goods, and to better combat smuggling crimes. The China-backed Bangladesh tanker and bulk carrier project has built three tankers and three bulk carriers for Bangladesh shipping companies, enhancing the integrated transportation capacity.

——Improve trade development capabilities. Support Laos in establishing rural e-commerce policies, plans and systems, help Myanmar, Cambodia and other countries to build agricultural product testing, animal and plant inspection and quarantine and grain storage systems, and improve export competitiveness. From 2013 to 2018, more than 300 special training projects related to trade were held for relevant countries, including trade facilitation, international logistics and transportation and multimodal transport services, e-commerce, entry and exit sanitation quarantine, entry and exit animal and plant inspection and quarantine, import and export food safety, etc., to promote the docking and coordination of trade policies of relevant countries and smooth the free trade network. Establish funds in the World Trade Organization and the World Customs Organization to carry out trade capacity building and support developing economies, especially the least developed countries, to better integrate into the multilateral trading system.

(IV) Promote the Financial Connection of Finance and Economic Connection of Finance and Economic Connection of Finance and Economic Connection of Finance and Economic Connection actively helps relevant countries improve their financial system and build financing cooperation platforms to provide guarantees for the Financial Connection of Finance and Economic Connection.

—Support the improvement of the financial system. Support countries in jointly building the "Belt and Road" to optimize the financial environment and create conditions for participating in the international financial system. In 2015, the construction of the Lao national bank card payment system played a positive role in maintaining Laos' financial stability and promoting financial connectivity between neighboring countries. Establish a joint capacity building center with the International Monetary Fund to provide intellectual support for countries in jointly building the "Belt and Road" to improve the macroeconomic and financial framework. The "Belt and Road" Financial Development Research Center was established to build an important think tank platform for strengthening the capacity building of the financial and financial field.

- Build a multilateral financing cooperation platform. A multilateral development financing cooperation center was established with the World Bank, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Latin American Development Bank, the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development, the European Investment Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the International Agricultural Development Fund, etc., to promote the interconnection of infrastructure of international financial institutions and related development partners through information sharing and supporting project preparation and capacity building, and gather more financial dividends for the construction of the "Belt and Road".

(V) Enhance the mutual understanding of the people

The friendship between countries lies in the blind date of the people, and the blind date of the people lies in the mutual communication of the heart. By implementing people's livelihood assistance, China has increased cultural exchanges and cultural cooperation, formed a humanistic pattern of mutual appreciation, mutual understanding and mutual respect, and built a solid social foundation for jointly building the "Belt and Road".

—Implement people’s livelihood projects. A number of people's livelihood projects such as housing, water supply, medical care, education, rural roads, and assistance to vulnerable groups will be implemented in countries jointly building the "Belt and Road" to help fill the shortcomings in infrastructure and basic public services. Help Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Djibouti and other countries to build water supply systems to solve problems such as difficulty in drinking water and poor water quality for the people.Hospitals built for Sri Lanka, Senegal, Guinea, Niger, Mozambique, Congo (DPRK), South Sudan, Jamaica, Suriname, Dominic and other countries to improve the local medical service level and make it more convenient for people to see a doctor. Help Belarus build social security housing and improve the living and living conditions of vulnerable groups. From 2016 to 2019, more than 2,000 cataract patients in Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Uzbekistan and other countries were helped to see the light again.

——Deepen folk exchanges. Representatives from countries such as Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Kazakhstan to jointly build the "Belt and Road" will be invited to China for exchanges, and to enhance their understanding and understanding of China's national conditions and culture. Send young volunteers to countries such as Laos and Brunei to jointly build the "Belt and Road" and become a bridge to promote people-to-people communication and mutual learning.

——Strengthen cultural cooperation. 33 cultural relics assistance projects have been carried out with 17 countries jointly built the "Belt and Road" initiative, including Angkor Wat in Cambodia, Damaged Pagodas in Bagan, Myanmar, Shiva Ancient City in Khwarezmian Prefecture, Uzbekistan, and the Rahat ruins of Isaikrat ancient city in Kazakhstan, and the joint archaeology of the Bihe Luopur site in Bangladesh. Implementing the "Ten Thousand Villages Connect" project in more than 20 African countries, installing digital TVs for 10,000 villages, opening new windows for them to understand the world. Assist the implementation of the radio and television center cooperation project for Seychelles, Comoros, Tanzania and Mauritius, improve the ability to disseminate radio and television, and become an important carrier of local cultural communication.

4. Promote the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

China actively contributes to the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by supporting poverty reduction in other developing countries, improving agricultural development levels, promoting educational equity, improving infrastructure, and promoting industrialization.

(I) Helping to eliminate poverty

Eliminating poverty is the common aspiration of the people of all countries and the common mission of the international community. The primary goal of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is to eradicate all forms of poverty around the world. China helps other developing countries reduce poverty and improve people's livelihood by aiding the construction of rural public welfare facilities, sharing agricultural governance experience and carrying out technology transfer.

——Conduct poverty reduction demonstration. Help other developing countries to advance the poverty reduction process, carry out poverty reduction demonstration projects in Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia and other countries, demonstrate poverty reduction experiences such as "whole village promotion" in village-level communities, strengthen the capacity building of village-level organizations, support farmers' production cooperation, and help local governments change their development concepts and innovate poverty alleviation ideas. By holding training projects and co-speaking seminars with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, we will share the development concept and practical experience of targeted poverty reduction with developing countries.

- drives income growth and wealth. Actively help relevant countries improve the living environment in rural areas and meet local transportation and production and living needs. Help the construction of roads in the poor delta of Mauritania and promote the development of local agriculture and animal husbandry. Based on local actual conditions, teach handicraft technology through skill training and other means. The mushroom grass planting demonstration project assisted in Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Lesotho, Rwanda, the Central African Republic and other countries enables farmers to master mushroom grass planting technology and drives farmers to increase their income and become rich. Share bamboo and rattan weaving skills in Liberia, Ethiopia and other countries, allowing farmers to use local bamboo resources to make furniture, and improving the handicraft skills and income of rural populations.

——Follow special groups. Special groups are the targets that need to be paid attention to and helped to eliminate poverty. Support other developing countries to formulate policies for the disabled and strengthen rehabilitation services for the disabled, so that the disabled can share the fruits of social development. We have organized social health care policies and rehabilitation nursing training for Mongolia, Ecuador, Libya and other countries, which has improved the government's governance capabilities in poverty alleviation and medical care for special groups. The Samoa Disabled Training Center for Disabled Persons, which is aided, will increase the number of disabled people with learning and training from the original 150 to more than 400, providing more basic education and skills training opportunities for disabled people.

(II) Improving food security

Agriculture is the foundation of national economic development and social stability. China helps other developing countries accelerate agricultural development according to local conditions, achieve food self-sufficiency and ensure food security.

——Enhance agricultural production capacity. As of the end of 2019, a total of 81 agricultural technology expert groups and 808 people were sent to 37 Asian and African countries, and 22 agricultural technology demonstration centers were built in African countries to experiment and promote new high-yield varieties for relevant countries, guide farmers to improve their production capacity and enhance their confidence in development. Experts in vegetable greenhouse planting technology cooperation in Georgia promote solar greenhouse planting technology to farmers, improve local agricultural output, and solve the problem that local vegetables are difficult to be self-sufficient. Aid agricultural irrigation system transformation projects for Kyrgyzstan, Chad and other countries, provide agricultural machinery and equipment and materials, and alleviate the shortage of agricultural production materials. Timely assistance is provided when countries such as locust plagues and other natural disasters in Laos, Pakistan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and other countries to help quickly restore agricultural production. Help Cambodia carry out modern agricultural development plans, support Cambodia's Chiglang River water resources development project, ensure the irrigation water use guarantee rate to 80%, and increase rice planting from a single season to two seasons.

- Cultivate agricultural scientific research and technical talents. The development and upgrading of agricultural industries require talent support. Through the assistance to the construction of Cambodia's Jujing Agricultural Technical School, the Sino-Africa Joint Research Center and other projects, agricultural technical cooperation projects have been carried out in Antigua, Barbuda, Dominic, Grenada and other countries, building a platform for relevant countries to cultivate agricultural technical forces. Experts were sent overseas to provide technical training for rice production increase in Côte d'Ivoire, aquaculture in Zanzibar, and coffee varieties improvement and processing in East Timor, so that more people can master practical and appropriate technologies. Carry out the "10+10" cooperation between China and Africa scientific research institutions, carry out joint research and development around new varieties, new technologies and new equipment applicable to the African continent, and provide scientific and technological support and service guarantee for African agricultural development.

——Support the development of the agricultural industry chain. China attaches importance to post-production assistance, and helps to improve grain storage capacity, reduce post-production waste, increase the added value of agricultural products and farmers' income through projects such as Cuban pig and cattle slaughterhouse, Cape Verde agricultural product primary processing center, Zambia corn flour processing plant, East Timor grain processing and storage facilities. Promote biogas technology and "pig-marsh-vegetable" circular agricultural production technology in Tonga, Samoa and other countries, use the Agricultural Technology Demonstration Center as a platform to demonstrate the development of the entire industrial chain of agricultural production, storage, processing and sales, share the experience of comprehensive agricultural operation, and support agricultural ecological circulation and sustainable production. Actively respond to and support the initiatives and activities of international organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and help relevant countries improve their food security.

(III) Promote health development

China practices the concept of people first and life first, actively supports the construction of public health systems in other developing countries, helps improve the level of medical and health services, and safeguards people's lives and health.

——Assisting the construction of the public health system. In order to further strengthen the construction of the public health system in Africa and accelerate the construction of the African Center for Disease Control and Prevention headquarters. China has sent disease control experts to provide strong support for emergency command, epidemiological analysis, and disease control of many epidemics in Africa. In the prevention and control of infectious diseases such as malaria and schistosomiasis, a series of disease prevention and control and population health improvement projects have been implemented. Technical assistance was provided for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in Zanzibar in Tanzania, helping to design prevention and control standards, reducing the probability of local infection with schistosomiasis; the compound artemisinin rapid removal of malaria in Comoros has achieved zero deaths in malaria and a 98% reduction in the number of malaria patients.

——Improve basic medical and health capabilities. More than 50 medical and health infrastructure projects have been built in Congo (Brazza), Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Cambodia, Kyrgyzstan and other countries, playing a positive role in protecting people's health and cultivating medical talents. Providing medical equipment, devices, medicines and medical consumables to relevant countries has alleviated the shortage of medical resources. Through counterpart cooperation of medical institutions, we have helped more than 20 countries to establish professional department capabilities. Helping Trinidad and Tobago form microsurgery and endoscopic neurosurgery, and medical teams in Dominic set a precedent for minimally invasive surgery, bringing advanced ideas to the local area and filling many gaps in medical technology in the Caribbean.

——Enhance the strength of medical and health services.From 2015 to 2019, China sent 202 batches of 3,588 foreign medical team members, treating a total of 11 million patients, and leading and training local medical staff, conducting free medical consultations, donating medicines and equipment, etc. More than 1,500 people have won honors such as presidential medals issued by relevant countries, and one medical worker has sacrificed his precious life for foreign medical work. China also sent a short-term medical expert team to carry out specialist operations, and carried out 42 cataract surgery "Bright Tour" activities in 25 countries including Botswana, Eritrea, Morocco, Ghana, the Bahamas, the Maldives, Antigua and Barbuda, and performed 9,752 surgeries; 170 "Love Tour" heart attacks were performed in Ghana, Tanzania and other countries.

(IV) Ensure high-quality education

Education is the foundation of development. China has improved the level of education development in other developing countries through aiding schools, cultivating faculty, and expanding the scale of scholarships, so that people can enjoy better and more equitable educational opportunities.

—Support basic education. "Having to learn and going to school well" is a common demand for young people in developing countries, and it is also an important way to improve population quality and promote national development. China has built a number of primary and secondary schools in Nepal, Armenia, Mozambique, Namibia, Peru, Uruguay and other countries, and provides teaching materials such as computers, laboratory equipment, cultural and sports supplies to improve the basic teaching environment in developing countries. Provide educational technical assistance to South Sudan, tailor-made textbooks for English, mathematics and science for primary schools in South Sudan, compiled 1.3 million textbooks, and benefited 150,000 teachers and students. The distance education equipment provided to 27 schools in North Macedonia has improved the education level in the local area, especially in mountainous areas and rural areas, and promoted the balanced development of educational resources.

——Develop higher education. China actively helps relevant countries improve higher education facilities and cultivate high-quality talents, and assists in the construction of projects such as the Emmalus University of Vanuatu, the University of Science and Technology of Malawi, the Chinese Department of Kabul University of Afghanistan, the Library of Dar es Salaam University in Tanzania, and the Kabbalah Teaching Zone of Bamako University in Mali. The Sino-Africa Joint Research Center established by Kenyatta Agricultural Science and Technology University in Kenya has opened majors such as biodiversity protection and utilization, resource remote sensing, etc., to help improve the scientific and technological level in the corresponding fields. Continue to provide on-the-job academic degree education. Since 2013, more than 4,300 people from developing countries have been funded to study master's and doctoral degrees in China, and strengthen scientific research cooperation and teacher-student mutual visits through the "20+20" cooperation plan between China and Africa universities and the establishment of "atomic energy scholarship" projects, etc., to jointly cultivate high-level talents.

——Promote vocational education. Vocational education can transform population resources in developing countries into demographic dividends and is an important way to promote employment. China has assisted in the construction of vocational and technical schools or vocational training centers for Laos, Cambodia, Nepal, Myanmar, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Rwanda, Uganda, Malawi, Egypt, Sudan, Liberia, Equatorial Guinea, Vanuatu and other countries, providing vocational and technical education materials for Azerbaijan, Ethiopia, Madagascar and other countries to help improve the quality of vocational education. The Vocational Training Center of Ntuman, a Vocational Education Training Center, has become a national Vocational Education Teacher Training Base in Sudan. The "Luban Workshop" was established in Djibouti, Egypt and other countries, and was built by China's vocational education schools to provide practical technical training for local youth. Technical assistance from the Vocational Training Center of Burkina Faso has activated the local vocational education market.

(V) Promoting gender equality

Women are an important force in promoting social development and progress. China actively helps developing countries develop women's cause, create opportunities for women's growth, and supports and helps women enjoy a brilliant life.

——Strengthen the protection of women’s rights and interests. Implement the implementation of 100 "maternal and child health projects" for developing countries proposed by President Xi Jinping at the series of summits for the 70th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations. These projects have been implemented in Cambodia, Sierra Leone, Malawi, Cape Verde and other countries, effectively ensuring the basic medical and health services of local women. A project to prevent and treat cervical diseases in women was carried out in Zimbabwe, donating a batch of equipment and medicines for early diagnosis and treatment of cervical diseases, and sending experts to help local medical staff improve their professional skills.By organizing theme training projects such as maternal and child health, maternal and maternal health, we will improve the level of obstetrics, neonatal and other departments in relevant countries, and benefit local women.

—Support women’s capacity building. Increase the training of women in developing countries, train female professional and technical personnel locally, and enhance women's ability to participate in political and economic activities and employment. Since 2013, more than 60 women's capacity building training and technical training programs have been implemented for developing countries, and on-the-job academic degree programs for women's leadership and social development have been set up to help developing countries improve the ability of female officials to participate in national and political and economic activities.

(VI) Improve infrastructure

China has implemented a number of public welfare facilities, energy and other infrastructure projects in other developing countries, so that local people can have a greater sense of gain and happiness.

——Support the construction of public welfare facilities. Assist the maintenance and upgrading of public facilities such as the Algerian Opera House, Senegal Athletic Wrestling Stadium and the Museum of Black Civilization, the Ivorian Cultural Palace, and the Benin Conference Building, to build international conference centers and ancillary facilities for the African Union and relevant countries, to build, repair and upgrade sports venues for Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Tunisia and other countries, to improve the conditions for cultural activities, and to further enrich the cultural and sports life of the people. The Disabled Children Development Center in Mongolia is the largest and most fully functional disabled children's sanitation center in Mongolia, and is hailed as the "Happiness Project" by all sectors of Mongolian society.

——Improve the urban living environment. Help Sierra Leone, Burundi, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Nepal, the Philippines, the Federated States of Micronesia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Serbia and other countries implement municipal projects such as urban main road construction and congested section renovation, improving the traffic capacity of urban road networks. The Friendship Bridge of Maldives Aided to Maldives connects adjacent islands, changing the past history of only ferry traffic, and opening up the main transportation artery for the economic development of the Male Atoll. The 100 bus project aided Syria has increased urban transportation capacity, provided convenience for people's travel, and supported the urban reconstruction process. Projects such as the renovation and community drainage of the roads of Sao Tome and Principe, water supply and sewage treatment in Kurunegrad City, Sri Lanka, etc. have solved the problems of waterlogging and rainwater diversion in low-lying areas in the city, reduced urban pollution, and improved residents' quality of life.

- Improve energy accessibility. According to the energy resource endowments of relevant countries, we will actively develop power industries such as hydropower, solar energy, wind power, nuclear power, and geothermal power, and support the construction of power transmission, transformation and distribution networks. The total installed capacity of the solar power plant project aided Cuba is 9 megawatts, and 12.85 million kilowatt-hours of clean energy power are delivered to the power grid every year, effectively filling the local power gap. The China-supported Kyrgyzstan power grid transformation project, the 500 kV transmission and transformation project of the Central District directly under Tajikistan, the 230 kV transmission and transformation line from Laos Tamian to Lasau, and the Kariba North-Keffort Transmission and Transmission Transmission and other projects have achieved internal grid connections in relevant countries, playing an important role in promoting energy independence and industrialization development.

(VII) Promote sustainable innovation economic growth

China supports the industrialization process of other developing countries, increases resource added value, promotes productive employment, and helps release new dividends of the digital economy, and enhances economic innovation and inclusiveness.

——Promote the process of industrialization. Industrialization is the only way for a country to achieve economic independence and an important way to create employment and eliminate poverty. China supports other developing countries in leveraging their advantageous production capacity potential, building a more modern industrial system, enhancing resource added value, and accelerating the process of industrialization. The Sharjahla Fertilizer Plant in Bangladesh has started production in 2015 and has produced more than 1.1 million tons of urea fertilizers, saving more than US$400 million in foreign exchange. After the Cuban Fruit and Vegetable Processing Plant and Tajikistan Sulfuric Acid Plant were completed and put into production, industrial production efficiency was improved and local income and tax revenue were directly driven. The project insists on localized operation, which increases employment positions and improves the labor skills of local personnel.

——Promote the development of the digital economy.China has supported the construction of 37 telecommunications infrastructure projects such as telecommunications transmission networks and government information networks to help relevant countries develop the information and communication industry and make positive contributions to promoting the narrowing of the digital divide. Kenya's national fiber backbone network project has promoted the leapfrog development of Kenya's information and communication industry. While greatly improving network speed, it has reduced communication costs and promoted the rise of e-commerce. The Lao Police Command Center, Government Hotline, Papua New Guinea integrated government information system and other projects have optimized the administrative efficiency and information management of relevant governments. The third phase of the Bangladesh government basic network project opens up the loop of the government backbone network in the local administrative region, extending the high-speed network to 64 cities, 488 counties, and more than 2,600 townships, covering 62% of the region and population.

(8) Support ecological and environmental protection

China upholds the ecological civilization concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, actively implements new energy, environmental protection and climate change response projects for other developing countries, shares green development experience, implements relevant international conventions, carries out international cooperation in wildlife protection, prevention and control of desertification, and jointly builds a beautiful earth.

——Develop clean energy. Increase support for renewable energy projects and help relevant developing countries build a number of clean energy projects. Clean energy demonstration projects carried out in countries such as Gabon help them increase their power supply while reducing adverse environmental impacts. The average annual power generation of the Chinese-backed photovoltaic power plant in Ganesha, Kenya, exceeds 76 million kilowatt-hours, helping to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 64,000 tons each year. The small hydropower station aids in Fiji provides clean, stable and low-priced energy to the local area, saving Fiji about RMB 6 million in diesel imports every year, helping Fiji achieve the goal of "90% of renewable energy by 2025".

- Promote biodiversity protection. Biodiversity is an important foundation for human survival and development. China attaches great importance to biodiversity protection, conscientiously fulfills its international obligations for wildlife protection, and actively participates in international cooperation in wildlife protection. Provide wildlife protection materials to Zimbabwe, Kenya, Zambia and other countries, improve the equipment level to combat poaching and illegal wildlife product trading, and strengthen the construction of wildlife protection capacity. Implement a technical assistance project for Gobi bear habitat management for Mongolia to help improve the environmental quality of Gobi bear habitat, provide special equipment for protection areas, and get Mongolia's "national bear" out of the crisis of endangered extinction.

- Support the response to climate change. Actively carry out South-South cooperation in climate change, help developing countries, especially small island countries, African countries and least developed countries, improve their ability to respond to climate change and reduce the adverse effects of climate change. In 2015, the South-South Cooperation Fund for Climate Change was announced, and the "Ten Hundred Thousand" projects, including 10 low-carbon demonstration zones, 100 climate change mitigation and adaptation projects and 1,000 training places to respond to climate change were launched in developing countries. So far, cooperation projects have been carried out with 34 countries. Help Laos, Ethiopia and other countries formulate development plans in the fields of environmental protection, clean energy, etc., and accelerate the process of green and low-carbon transformation. Giving solar household power generation systems and clean stoves to Myanmar and other countries has not only reduced carbon emissions but also effectively protected forest resources. The Ethiopian microsatellite was successfully launched to help it improve its ability to warn, monitor and respond to climate change. From 2013 to 2018, more than 200 training projects on climate change and ecological and environmental protection themes were held, and majors such as environmental management and sustainable development were set up in the academic degree projects, and more than 5,000 personnel were trained for relevant countries.

——Carry for desertification prevention and control cooperation. We actively share our effective desert control technologies and experience with other countries, and organized and implemented multiple training projects around topics such as desert control technology and comprehensive soil erosion control. Create an international technical assistance exchange platform for desertification and land desertification prevention and control in Gansu, and held 36 "China's Desert Control Technology and Desertification Control International Training Courses". In 2006, the "Arabian National Sand Control Technology Training Class" was held in Ningxia for the first time, and 12 sessions have been held so far.China also spreads bamboo and mushroom grass planting and processing technologies, while promoting the development of the economy of relevant countries, it effectively controls soil erosion and land degradation, and plays a positive role in protecting the ecological environment.

- Protect ocean and forest resources. Ocean and forest resources are precious earth resources. China has implemented hydrological meteorological observation technology projects for Jamaica and other countries, helped Uzbekistan to build an automatic meteorological station demonstration station, and supported research in the field of marine disaster prevention and mitigation. Help Cape Verde prepare a special economic zone plan for the marine resources development and protection of St. Vincent Cape Verde. We have carried out cooperation with African countries in afforestation and forestry research, and provided forest fire trucks, patrol trucks and other materials to Tanzania, Comoros and other countries to improve forest resource management capabilities.

5. Work together to meet global humanitarian challenges

At present, global humanitarian challenges such as public health, natural disasters, immigration and refugee issues are becoming increasingly severe. China adheres to the common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security concept, provides support to other countries to the best of its ability, and contributes China's strength to respond to major challenges and improve the global governance system.

(I) Carry out emergency rescue for natural disasters

China actively responds to the call of the international community and provides emergency humanitarian rescue to countries such as Indonesia, Mexico, Chile, the Solomon Islands, the Bahamas, and El Salvador that have suffered serious natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes by providing disaster relief materials, sending international rescue teams, and providing cash assistance. In 2015, an 8.1-magnitude earthquake occurred in Nepal. China rushed to provide emergency assistance, provided three batches of aid materials and sent more than 1,000 rescue forces. The international rescue team sent by China is the first heavy international rescue team to arrive in Nepal, and has played an active role in assisting Nepal in carrying out search and rescue work. In 2016, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurred in Ecuador. China immediately provided emergency humanitarian assistance to Ecuador, and the aid materials were transported from five chartered flights to Quito. In 2019, Hurricane Idai swept southeast Africa, and China urgently provided humanitarian material assistance to Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Malawi, and sent international rescue teams to Mozambique.

(II) Response to public health emergencies

After the outbreak of Ebola, yellow fever, Zika virus, plague and other epidemics, China provides emergency assistance to relevant countries to help fight the epidemic. After the outbreak of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa, China immediately provided five rounds of emergency humanitarian material assistance to 13 African countries, sent nearly 1,200 medical staff and public health experts to countries in the epidemic area such as Guinea, and left more than 900 related cases for diagnosis and treatment, nearly 9,000 test samples, and trained 13,000 medical staff. At the most dangerous moment, Chinese medical staff and experts shared weal and woe with the African people, writing a touching chapter of sharing weal and woe between China and Africa. China has also built more than 10 projects including laboratories and treatment centers for the Ebola epidemic area. It took only more than 20 days from the start of construction to completion of the Liberian treatment center. The China-Sierra Leone laboratory was designated by the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health as the "National Reference Laboratory for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever" and the "National Biosafety Training Base". In 2020, the new coronavirus outbreak broke out in many places around the world and spread rapidly. In the face of the sudden outbreak, China, on the premise of doing a good job in its own fight against the epidemic and ensuring the domestic fight against the epidemic, provided assistance and support to more than 150 countries and international organizations to the best of its ability based on factors such as the severity of the epidemic, medical and health conditions, specific assistance needs of the epidemic country and its own capabilities, and carried out the most concentrated and widest emergency humanitarian action since the founding of New China.

(III) Provide food aid to deal with famine

Due to factors such as extreme weather and war, global food security issues are becoming increasingly prominent, and the strong El Niño phenomenon has caused severe famines in many parts of the world. In order to help the affected countries solve the problem of food, since 2016, China has provided emergency food aid to more than 50 countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, benefiting tens of millions of affected people.By the end of 2019, China also used the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund to cooperate with the World Food Programme to provide food assistance to 24 countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean to ensure the food security of the most vulnerable groups in the area.

(IV) Participate in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction

China actively carries out natural disaster emergency rescue, and continues to provide assistance to affected countries after the emergency rescue phase to help carry out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. After the disaster relief operation of the Philippines Typhoon Haiyan in 2013, 166 temporary school buildings were built in 20 more severely affected schools in Tacloban City, a severely affected area. After Hurricane Maria in Dominic in 2017, the damaged roof restoration project of Western Highway and Zhongduo Friendship Hospital was launched, and 6 primary and secondary schools were rebuilt for Dominic. With the United Nations Development Program, we implemented the Restoration Project of the Federal Tribal Area and Balochistan Province of Pakistan, benefiting nearly 10,000 families and nearly 20,000 students. China also focuses on providing comprehensive solutions to the affected countries and providing systematic support for the overall reconstruction of the affected countries. In 2015, Nepal was provided with a package of medium- and long-term assistance for post-earthquake reconstruction, covering areas such as infrastructure emergency repair, people's livelihood restoration, cultural relics and monuments restoration, and disaster prevention and control capacity building.

(V) Improve disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities

China helps relevant countries overcome financial and technical bottlenecks and strengthen disaster risk management capabilities through assistance in building disaster management facilities, providing disaster prevention and relief reserve materials, supporting community disaster prevention and recovery projects, carrying out capacity training, and formulating policy plans. A cooperation mechanism for earthquake disaster reduction with 22 countries and international organizations has been established with the "Belt and Road" earthquake disaster reduction, and has implemented projects such as the construction of Nepal, Laos, Kenya earthquake monitoring and early warning systems and other projects to improve the disaster monitoring and early warning capabilities of relevant countries. Cooperate with the United Nations Development Programme, UAV technology is used in Maldives to monitor sea level rise and flood conditions to better carry out disaster prevention and response. A joint implementation of the Asian community comprehensive disaster reduction cooperation project with the United Kingdom and the United Nations Development Programme has supported the improvement of the comprehensive disaster reduction level in communities in Nepal and Bangladesh.

(VI) Participate in alleviating the immigration and refugee crisis

China has always paid close attention to and selflessly helping the countries and people who still live in war, turmoil, hunger and poverty. Cooperate with the United Nations Refugee Agency, the United Nations Children's Fund, the World Health Organization, the International Organization for Migration and the International Committee of the Red Cross, we provide food, daily necessities, power generation equipment, temporary shelter and other emergency humanitarian aid materials to refugees and displaced persons in Syria and other countries, and help refugees source and receiving countries to respond to the crisis. Provide anti-epidemic material assistance to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East to help refugees fight the epidemic. China also supports the economic and social reconstruction of relevant countries and resolves the deep-seated contradictions between immigrants and refugees by promoting economic and social development. Repair activity centers for Palestinian refugees living in Iraq to improve the living environment of refugee communities; two refugee schools in Angola's Northern Londa Province were officially opened to support local refugee students to obtain educational opportunities.

6. Support developing countries to enhance their independent development capabilities

China adheres to the concept of teaching people to fish, continues to increase assistance efforts in technical and human resources development cooperation, continuously enriches assistance content, innovates assistance methods, contributes Chinese experience and Chinese solutions to capacity building of developing countries, helps improve governance capabilities, planning levels and industry development capabilities, and cultivates governance talents and technical strength for the development cause of developing countries.

(I) Improve governance capabilities

China helps other developing countries formulate plans, share governance experience, and carry out capacity building through bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms.

—Implement planning assistance. China actively helps other developing countries to scientifically plan development blueprints, and has sent a total of 39 senior planning consulting experts to help relevant countries formulate development plans and policies and regulations in the fields of economic development, infrastructure, electricity, etc., and enhance their planning and coordinated development capabilities. Help Grenada formulate a national development strategic plan and deliver it to Grenada in 2017. Send senior expert consultants in customs, taxation and agriculture to Ethiopia and Cambodia to provide intellectual support for their trade and investment facilitation.We jointly formulate proposals for medium- and long-term industrial development plans with Cuba, and put forward development ideas and paths in the fields of machinery industry, metallurgy and recycling, chemical industry, etc. Help Cambodia formulate national road network planning and modern agricultural development plan, help it improve its comprehensive transportation system and enhance agricultural productivity. Prepare land and resources planning and environmental protection planning for Laos. Comprehensive river and flood control plans were prepared for Bangladesh and other countries, and explore directions for their water resource development.

——Share governance experience. By holding a series of training and academic degree projects, we actively share the practice and experience of national governance such as the construction of a rule of law government, the government's "deregulation, regulation and service" reform, industrial innovation and upgrading, and the digital economy, and help improve the policy-making capabilities of public sector officials in other developing countries. At the same time, we have strengthened the construction of bilateral human resources development cooperation mechanisms and signed a memorandum of understanding on human resources development cooperation with 31 countries including Rwanda, Kyrgyzstan, El Salvador, Papua New Guinea, Trinidad and Tobago, providing targeted capacity building support based on the actual needs of different countries.

—— Carry out multilateral capacity building. China actively cooperates with international institutions to support capacity building in other developing countries. A trust fund for statistical capacity development was established with the United Nations to provide training for nearly 900 government statistics personnel in 59 developing countries. China has also established capacity building funds and scholarships with the African Development Bank, the West African Development Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Organization of American States, etc., and supports capacity building in relevant countries through joint research reports, international seminars, etc. Use the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund to cooperate with ICAO to provide training to nearly 600 middle- and senior civil aviation managers in 105 developing countries. In cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency, we have trained more than 2,000 practitioners in the field of peaceful use of nuclear energy and nuclear technology for more than 70 developing countries.

(II) Promote technological progress

Science and technology are the primary productive forces. China strengthens technology transfer and transformation to help developing countries improve their scientific and technological innovation capabilities and industrial professional skills.

——Share scientific and technological achievements. China actively shares the achievements made in the field of science and technology with other developing countries, and carries out training projects with the theme of aerospace and satellite applications, 3D printing technology, metrology technology, marine biotechnology, etc. More than a thousand intergovernmental scientific and technological exchange projects were implemented, and through the International Outstanding Youth Program, 755 young scientists from Egypt, Pakistan, Myanmar, India and other countries were invited to China to carry out scientific research, and more than 7,700 trainees from more than 100 developing countries and regions were trained. Under the Food and Agriculture Organization-China South-South Cooperation Program, more than 450 practical technologies were transferred to Congo (DRC), Liberia and other countries, and experimented on about 300 suitable crops, vegetables and other varieties, and more than 300 farmers benefited.

- Promote technology transfer. The key to technology lies in mastering and utilizing it. In order to enable technology to be truly implemented and produce practical results, China has established a transnational technology transfer center for ASEAN, South Asia and Arab countries, and promotes the transfer and transformation of advanced and applicable technologies through technology docking, demonstration training, etc. Joint laboratories or research centers have been established with Ethiopia, Indonesia, Tajikistan, Mongolia, Serbia and other countries, including biopolymer application research, joint research on small hydropower technology, etc., to accelerate the localization of China's mature applicable technologies in other countries.

- Improve professional skills. In order to ensure the talent support for sustainable development in developing countries, we will organize training in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, processing and manufacturing, construction, science, education, culture, health, handicrafts and other fields to cultivate more technical talents with unique skills for other developing countries. In May 2019, the "Belt and Road" International Skills Competition with the theme of "Skills Cooperation and Common Development" was held, which established an effective platform for the exchange of skills in relevant developing countries and the promotion of employment and entrepreneurship. Through technical cooperation and training, we have supported Morocco, Ethiopia and other countries to carry out geochemical map filling and other work, and have cultivated a group of talents for the mining development of relevant countries.

——Improve the level of sport.Carry out sports technical cooperation in Uruguay, Samoa, Myanmar, Cambodia and other countries, and dispatch outstanding Chinese coaches in table tennis, badminton and other events to provide professional theoretical and practical guidance to local athletes and coaches, and strengthen the level of sports competition. In 2019, at the 16th Pacific Games, Tongan athletes participating in the training won 9 gold medals, 5 silver medals and 14 bronze medals, and the Papua New Guinea table tennis team won 2 silver medals in the history of the best results. Provide technical training for large-scale cultural and sports activities such as the 27th Southeast Asian Games in Myanmar, group gymnastics for the 50th anniversary of the independence of Zambia, and group gymnastics performances for the opening and closing ceremonies of the 11th African Games in Congo (Brazza) and assist in organizing the opening and closing ceremonies.

7. Strengthen international exchanges and tripartite cooperation

Global Development Partnership is an important part of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. China is an active advocate and practitioner of the Global Development Partnership. It actively conducts dialogue and exchanges with relevant international institutions and bilateral aid parties, discusses and carries out tripartite cooperation with an open and pragmatic attitude, and injects new impetus into international development cooperation.

(I) Overall position on carrying out international exchanges and tripartite cooperation

China has an open attitude towards carrying out international development exchanges and tripartite cooperation, and will continue to adhere to the positioning of developing countries, actively discuss tripartite cooperation with relevant parties, enrich the methods and channels of international development cooperation, and enhance the level and capabilities of international development cooperation.

- Promote the establishment of a more equal and balanced global development partnership. China upholds the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities", adheres to the main channel status of North-South cooperation, and South-South cooperation is a useful supplement to international development cooperation. Developed countries should fulfill their official development assistance commitments in a timely and in full, further increase assistance to developing countries, especially the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, and small island developing countries, and support developing countries to explore development paths that are in line with their own national conditions. Developing countries should deepen South-South cooperation and strive to achieve joint self-reliance. Relevant international organizations with the United Nations as the core should give full play to their own advantages, strengthen information sharing and coordination with all parties, and actively promote international development cooperation through multilateral channels. Encourage the private sector, civil society, charitable organizations, etc. to play a greater role.

——Stably promote tripartite cooperation in the field of international development. China has accumulated a lot of experience in its development process, and developed countries and international organizations have strong advantages in funding, technology, etc. China is willing to discuss specific cooperation paths with other parties to complement each other's strengths and achieve synergistic effects, so that the recipient countries can benefit to the maximum extent. The tripartite cooperation involves a wide range of areas and has heavy coordination tasks. At the same time, the models and practices of countries in carrying out international development cooperation are different, and all parties need to steadily advance in accordance with the principle of gradual progress. When carrying out tripartite cooperation, we should fully respect the policies, concepts and models of all parties, and in the spirit of mutual respect, mutual learning and learning from each other, enhance understanding and mutual trust, and lay a good foundation for carrying out tripartite cooperation. China is willing to actively learn from international successful experiences and effective practices.

—Fully respect the dominance of the recipient countries in tripartite cooperation. In the final analysis, carrying out tripartite cooperation is to benefit the recipient countries. We must adhere to the principle of full respect for the sovereignty and dominance of the recipient countries, adhere to the principle of "recommendation, recipient countries agree, and recipient countries lead", and use the welcome or not, agree or dissatisfied as the measurement criteria. Cooperation should focus on supporting the meeting of the humanitarian, people's livelihood and employment needs of the recipient countries, and enhancing the independent development and hematopoietic capacity of the recipient countries.

(II) Deepen dialogue, exchanges and pragmatic cooperation

Based on the principle of openness and inclusiveness, China deepens communication and exchanges with other countries and organizations, and carries out pragmatic cooperation and tripartite cooperation.

——Deepen dialogue and consultation. Actively participate in international conferences and activities such as the Second United Nations South-South Cooperation Conference and the Fifth International Tripartite Cooperation Conference. In 2019, we participated in the European Development Day activities and exchanged views with all parties on strengthening international development cooperation and helping developing countries achieve inclusive growth; we jointly held a seminar with the United Nations Development System's agencies in China to exchange views and build consensus on South-South cooperation and sustainable development. Promote the reform of the World Bank's governance structure and enhance the voice and representation of developing countries in the World Bank.Strengthen exchanges with bilateral aid parties, carry out exchanges and visits with more than a dozen countries and regional organizations including Japan, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, France, Norway, New Zealand, the European Union, and deepen understanding, learn from each other, enhance mutual trust, and discuss cooperation. In 2019, policy consultations at the department-level of international development cooperation were held with Japan and the EU.

——Practice cooperation with international organizations. Since 2016, China has cooperated with more than a dozen international organizations, including the United Nations Development Program, the World Food Program, the United Nations Refugee Agency, the United Nations Children's Fund, the World Health Organization, the International Red Cross and international non-governmental organizations under the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund, to give full play to its professional capabilities and channel advantages, and to implement development cooperation projects in the fields of food aid, post-disaster reconstruction, refugee assistance, maternal and child health in nearly 50 countries in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and other regions, benefiting about 20 million people in developing countries. In cooperation with UNICEF, we provide assistance to women and children with severe acute malnutrition in Somalia, benefiting about 250,000 women and children. Carry out joint case studies with the United Nations Development Programme, jointly release a research report on the Agricultural Technology Cooperation Project to Guinea-Bissau and the Agricultural Technology Demonstration Center Project to Mozambique at the United Nations Headquarters, introducing the achievements and experience of China's agricultural assistance and further enhancing the transparency of China's aid. The China-UNESCO Trust Fund was established, and more than 10,000 teachers in more than 10 African countries benefited.

—Implement tripartite cooperation projects. Carry out tripartite cooperation with official and non-official aid parties such as Switzerland, Portugal, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and the Gates Foundation to implement cooperation projects that meet local needs in areas such as agriculture and health. He held a training on marine breeding technology for cooperation between China and Portugal in East Timor in Timor-Leste. Carry out joint training with the United States for health officials in African countries and work together to support African countries in fighting the Ebola epidemic. Implement pilot projects for cooperation in cassava and tilapia industry chains with the UK in Uganda and Malawi respectively. The malaria prevention and control project jointly carried out with Australia in Papua New Guinea has helped Papua New Guinea establish a new network of provincial malaria laboratories and strengthened the diagnosis and monitoring capabilities of routine malaria.

——Increase donations. Increase donations to the World Bank International Development Association, the Asian Development Fund, the Global Environment Facility, etc., and support poverty reduction and sustainable development in developing countries, especially the least developed countries. As of the end of 2018, it has donated US$939 million and RMB 800 million to the African Development Bank Group, US$356 million and RMB 59 million to the Inter-American Development Bank Group, and US$49 million and RMB 41 million to the Caribbean Development Bank to support the development of poverty reduction, food security, trade, medical care, disaster management, education and environmental protection in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean. A US$80 million was donated to establish the China-FAO South-South Cooperation Trust Fund, and implemented agricultural cooperation projects in nearly 30 countries, and more than 1 million farmers benefited from it. Provide US$50 million and US$4 million for the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the New Development Bank project preparation fund respectively to support member countries in the preliminary design of the project.

- Promote joint financing. Strengthen exchanges and cooperation with bilateral and multilateral financial institutions such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, and jointly provide financial support to relevant countries. The "China-World Bank Partnership Fund" was established at the World Bank, the "China Poverty Reduction and Regional Cooperation Fund" was established at the Asian Development Bank, and the "African Common Growth Fund" was established at the African Development Bank, and the "China Joint Financing Fund for Latin America and the Caribbean" was established at the Inter-American Development Bank. As of the end of 2018, the above-mentioned joint financing mechanism has invested about US$3 billion, with nearly 200 projects, involving water supply and sanitation, transportation, agricultural development, youth employment and other fields.

8. China International Development Cooperation Outlook

The new crown pneumonia epidemic has posed a huge threat to the life safety and health and well-being of people around the world, posed major challenges to global public health security, and has a long way to go to implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.Looking ahead, China will continue to be guided by the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, take the correct view of justice and interests as its value orientation, actively carry out international development cooperation within its capacity, and inject Chinese strength into global development.

(I) Help build a community of health for mankind

China will continue to follow the principle of doing what it can and doing what it can, support developing countries in the fight against the epidemic, and contribute to the global public health cause according to the actual needs of relevant countries.

——Continue to provide support within the best of its ability to fight the epidemic in developing countries. Provide medical supplies assistance to all parties, carry out medical technical cooperation, and dispatch medical expert teams. Provide US$2 billion in international aid within two years to support countries affected by the epidemic, especially developing countries, in the fight against the epidemic and economic and social recovery and development. Continue to strengthen information sharing and experience exchanges with the World Health Organization and the international community without reservation, carry out international cooperation in testing methods, clinical treatment, and vaccine and drug research and development, comprehensively curb the spread of the new crown pneumonia epidemic around the world as soon as possible, and safeguard global public health security.

——Continue to help the vast majority of developing countries improve the construction of the public health system. The COVID-19 epidemic has exposed that all countries still have shortcomings and shortcomings in the construction of the public health system. All countries should unite and work together to strengthen the construction of the public health system. China will cooperate with the World Health Organization and through measures such as establishing a cooperation mechanism for 30 China-Africa counterpart hospitals and accelerating the construction of the African Center for Disease Control and Prevention Headquarters, China will help developing countries, especially African countries, build a solid public health defense line and improve the emergency response speed and disease prevention and control capabilities in public health emergencies.

- Continue to support the World Health Organization and other institutions to play an important role. The World Health Organization has made significant contributions to leading and promoting international anti-epidemic cooperation. Supporting the World Health Organization is to support international anti-epidemic cooperation and support saving lives. China will continue to support the work of the World Health Organization and call on the international community to increase political support and financial investment in the World Health Organization, mobilize global resources, and win the battle against the epidemic. Continue to support multilateral mechanisms such as the G20, the APEC, the BRICS, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to strengthen coordination and communication, and carry out international cooperation in joint prevention and control.

(II) Promote the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

China will adhere to people-oriented, focus on people's livelihood, and work with developing countries to meet global challenges.

——Implement commitment measures and fulfill international obligations. We will earnestly implement the cooperation measures announced by President Xi Jinping on major international occasions such as the "Belt and Road" International Cooperation Summit, the series of summits for the 70th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, the Beijing Summit of the 2018 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, the 73rd World Health Assembly and the series of high-level activities for the 75th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, and steadily increase assistance to other developing countries, especially the least developed countries, to help countries reduce poverty and improve people's livelihood.

——Adhere to coordinated promotion and promote common development. Under the impact of the epidemic, the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" continues to show strong vitality, bringing confidence to the joint construction of countries and providing realistic choices. China will continue to closely combine helping to jointly build the "Belt and Road" with promoting the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, strengthen international macroeconomic policies, connect with the concerns of developing countries, support more pragmatic projects to resume work and production, and maintain the stability and smooth flow of the global industrial chain and supply chain.

——Preferential to improving people’s livelihood and achieve happiness sharing. China will take poverty eradication and improvement of people's livelihood as its starting point and end point, and implement more people's livelihood projects in developing countries, especially the least developed countries, to ensure food security, to ensure people's basic lives, and to prevent secondary disasters in the world economy. In particular, we will create more employment for young people, support the protection of women and children, protect the interests of vulnerable groups such as the elderly and the disabled, provide more measures to benefit the people, benefit more people, and effectively enhance people's sense of gain and happiness.

——Promote South-South cooperation and demonstrate the responsibility of a major country.China will continue to share governance experience and appropriate technologies without reservation, increase the supply of global public products, guide more resources to be used for the sustainable economic and social development of developing countries, and support the vast number of developing countries to break development bottlenecks. Increase support for countries jointly building the "Belt and Road" countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, small island developing countries and heavy-indebted poor countries, support strengthening the shortcomings in the southern region in the global governance system, and drive more developing countries to integrate into the international division of labor and cooperation system.

- Strengthen solidarity and cooperation to meet global challenges. China firmly supports multilateralism, actively participates in bilateral and multilateral dialogue and cooperation in the field of international development, promotes the optimization and improvement of global governance in the field of international development cooperation, and maintains the international system with the United Nations as the core. Increase financial support for international organizations, actively support international organizations in playing their role, and jointly respond to global challenges such as public health crises, food security, and economic recession. Strengthen communication and coordination with other countries and international organizations, and on the basis of fully respecting the sovereignty and willingness of recipient countries, discuss with relevant countries and international regional organizations and steadily carry out tripartite cooperation to promote innovative development of international development cooperation.

(III) Improve the ability and level of international development cooperation

China will strengthen scientific management, improve policy formulation and management level, and promote high-quality development of international development cooperation.

——Strengthen planning and design and improve system construction. Fully consider the priority areas and needs of other developing countries, combine the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, formulate medium- and long-term plans for foreign aid, and formulate regional, country and special plans as needed. Continue to promote the construction of relevant laws, regulations and systems to provide legal guarantees for international development cooperation. Further play the role of the inter-ministerial coordination mechanism for foreign aid, strengthen horizontal cooperation and vertical linkage, coordinate the forces of various departments, local governments and social organizations, integrate advantageous resources, gather strength, and improve efficiency.

——Optimize project management and innovate assistance methods. Continue to strengthen the full process management of aid projects and improve the comprehensive benefits of aid. Further strengthen feasibility study on the project establishment of aid projects, conduct a good demonstration on the environmental impact of the project, follow-up operation management, etc., improve the scientific level of project establishment, and improve project reserves. Steadily advance the "self-built" cooperation model of "recipients" to drive local employment and improve the independent development capabilities of recipient countries. Further improve cooperation in human resources development, share development experience, disseminate applicable technologies, and provide intellectual support for the sustainable economic and social development of other developing countries. Further promote the innovative development of the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund, enrich partners and cooperation methods, and build an international development partnership.

——Strengthen supervision and evaluation and improve the benefits of assistance. Establish and improve a supervision and management mechanism that coordinates, clear division of labor, performs its duties, and is consistent in power and responsibilities. Through daily supervision, special supervision and other methods, strengthen supervision of key links and improve the level of project management implementation. Establish a systematic, complete, fair and independent project evaluation mechanism, formulate scientific, standardized, complete and effective evaluation standards, carry out comprehensive and special evaluations, and strengthen the application of evaluation results. Based on one's own national conditions and international experience, we will revise and improve the foreign aid statistical indicator system and establish a modern foreign aid statistical information system.

Conclusion

At present, the world has undergone major changes that have not been seen in a century, but the theme of the times of peace and development has not changed, and the historical trend of win-win cooperation and common development has not changed. Faced with increasingly severe global challenges, only by strengthening unity and cooperation, deepening partnerships with peaceful cooperation, equality, openness, inclusiveness, and win-win sharing can all countries achieve lasting stability and development and let the sunshine of peace and development shine on the world.

China is about to embark on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and enters a new stage of development. China has always placed its own development in the coordinate system of human development, always closely linked its own destiny with the destiny of people of all countries in the world, and always combined the interests of the Chinese people with the common interests of people of all countries.China will uphold its original aspiration, continue to actively carry out international development cooperation, always be a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development, and a defender of international order, and make greater contributions to enhancing the common welfare of mankind and building a community with a shared future for mankind.

Note 1: The "China's international development cooperation" referred to in this white paper refers to "the multilateral and bilateral international cooperation carried out by China in the field of economic and social development through foreign aid and other means, including humanitarian assistance."

Related manuscripts:

"China International Development Cooperation in the New Era" White Paper Interpretation

——Practice cooperation with international organizations. Since 2016, China has cooperated with more than a dozen international organizations, including the United Nations Development Program, the World Food Program, the United Nations Refugee Agency, the United Nations Children's Fund, the World Health Organization, the International Red Cross and international non-governmental organizations under the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund, to give full play to its professional capabilities and channel advantages, and to implement development cooperation projects in the fields of food aid, post-disaster reconstruction, refugee assistance, maternal and child health in nearly 50 countries in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and other regions, benefiting about 20 million people in developing countries. In cooperation with UNICEF, we provide assistance to women and children with severe acute malnutrition in Somalia, benefiting about 250,000 women and children. Carry out joint case studies with the United Nations Development Programme, jointly release a research report on the Agricultural Technology Cooperation Project to Guinea-Bissau and the Agricultural Technology Demonstration Center Project to Mozambique at the United Nations Headquarters, introducing the achievements and experience of China's agricultural assistance and further enhancing the transparency of China's aid. The China-UNESCO Trust Fund was established, and more than 10,000 teachers in more than 10 African countries benefited.

—Implement tripartite cooperation projects. Carry out tripartite cooperation with official and non-official aid parties such as Switzerland, Portugal, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and the Gates Foundation to implement cooperation projects that meet local needs in areas such as agriculture and health. He held a training on marine breeding technology for cooperation between China and Portugal in East Timor in Timor-Leste. Carry out joint training with the United States for health officials in African countries and work together to support African countries in fighting the Ebola epidemic. Implement pilot projects for cooperation in cassava and tilapia industry chains with the UK in Uganda and Malawi respectively. The malaria prevention and control project jointly carried out with Australia in Papua New Guinea has helped Papua New Guinea establish a new network of provincial malaria laboratories and strengthened the diagnosis and monitoring capabilities of routine malaria.

——Increase donations. Increase donations to the World Bank International Development Association, the Asian Development Fund, the Global Environment Facility, etc., and support poverty reduction and sustainable development in developing countries, especially the least developed countries. As of the end of 2018, it has donated US$939 million and RMB 800 million to the African Development Bank Group, US$356 million and RMB 59 million to the Inter-American Development Bank Group, and US$49 million and RMB 41 million to the Caribbean Development Bank to support the development of poverty reduction, food security, trade, medical care, disaster management, education and environmental protection in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean. A US$80 million was donated to establish the China-FAO South-South Cooperation Trust Fund, and implemented agricultural cooperation projects in nearly 30 countries, and more than 1 million farmers benefited from it. Provide US$50 million and US$4 million for the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the New Development Bank project preparation fund respectively to support member countries in the preliminary design of the project.

- Promote joint financing. Strengthen exchanges and cooperation with bilateral and multilateral financial institutions such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, and jointly provide financial support to relevant countries. The "China-World Bank Partnership Fund" was established at the World Bank, the "China Poverty Reduction and Regional Cooperation Fund" was established at the Asian Development Bank, and the "African Common Growth Fund" was established at the African Development Bank, and the "China Joint Financing Fund for Latin America and the Caribbean" was established at the Inter-American Development Bank. As of the end of 2018, the above-mentioned joint financing mechanism has invested about US$3 billion, with nearly 200 projects, involving water supply and sanitation, transportation, agricultural development, youth employment and other fields.

8. China International Development Cooperation Outlook

The new crown pneumonia epidemic has posed a huge threat to the life safety and health and well-being of people around the world, posed major challenges to global public health security, and has a long way to go to implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.Looking ahead, China will continue to be guided by the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, take the correct view of justice and interests as its value orientation, actively carry out international development cooperation within its capacity, and inject Chinese strength into global development.

(I) Help build a community of health for mankind

China will continue to follow the principle of doing what it can and doing what it can, support developing countries in the fight against the epidemic, and contribute to the global public health cause according to the actual needs of relevant countries.

——Continue to provide support within the best of its ability to fight the epidemic in developing countries. Provide medical supplies assistance to all parties, carry out medical technical cooperation, and dispatch medical expert teams. Provide US$2 billion in international aid within two years to support countries affected by the epidemic, especially developing countries, in the fight against the epidemic and economic and social recovery and development. Continue to strengthen information sharing and experience exchanges with the World Health Organization and the international community without reservation, carry out international cooperation in testing methods, clinical treatment, and vaccine and drug research and development, comprehensively curb the spread of the new crown pneumonia epidemic around the world as soon as possible, and safeguard global public health security.

——Continue to help the vast majority of developing countries improve the construction of the public health system. The COVID-19 epidemic has exposed that all countries still have shortcomings and shortcomings in the construction of the public health system. All countries should unite and work together to strengthen the construction of the public health system. China will cooperate with the World Health Organization and through measures such as establishing a cooperation mechanism for 30 China-Africa counterpart hospitals and accelerating the construction of the African Center for Disease Control and Prevention Headquarters, China will help developing countries, especially African countries, build a solid public health defense line and improve the emergency response speed and disease prevention and control capabilities in public health emergencies.

- Continue to support the World Health Organization and other institutions to play an important role. The World Health Organization has made significant contributions to leading and promoting international anti-epidemic cooperation. Supporting the World Health Organization is to support international anti-epidemic cooperation and support saving lives. China will continue to support the work of the World Health Organization and call on the international community to increase political support and financial investment in the World Health Organization, mobilize global resources, and win the battle against the epidemic. Continue to support multilateral mechanisms such as the G20, the APEC, the BRICS, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to strengthen coordination and communication, and carry out international cooperation in joint prevention and control.

(II) Promote the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

China will adhere to people-oriented, focus on people's livelihood, and work with developing countries to meet global challenges.

——Implement commitment measures and fulfill international obligations. We will earnestly implement the cooperation measures announced by President Xi Jinping on major international occasions such as the "Belt and Road" International Cooperation Summit, the series of summits for the 70th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, the Beijing Summit of the 2018 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, the 73rd World Health Assembly and the series of high-level activities for the 75th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, and steadily increase assistance to other developing countries, especially the least developed countries, to help countries reduce poverty and improve people's livelihood.

——Adhere to coordinated promotion and promote common development. Under the impact of the epidemic, the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" continues to show strong vitality, bringing confidence to the joint construction of countries and providing realistic choices. China will continue to closely combine helping to jointly build the "Belt and Road" with promoting the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, strengthen international macroeconomic policies, connect with the concerns of developing countries, support more pragmatic projects to resume work and production, and maintain the stability and smooth flow of the global industrial chain and supply chain.

——Preferential to improving people’s livelihood and achieve happiness sharing. China will take poverty eradication and improvement of people's livelihood as its starting point and end point, and implement more people's livelihood projects in developing countries, especially the least developed countries, to ensure food security, to ensure people's basic lives, and to prevent secondary disasters in the world economy. In particular, we will create more employment for young people, support the protection of women and children, protect the interests of vulnerable groups such as the elderly and the disabled, provide more measures to benefit the people, benefit more people, and effectively enhance people's sense of gain and happiness.

——Promote South-South cooperation and demonstrate the responsibility of a major country.China will continue to share governance experience and appropriate technologies without reservation, increase the supply of global public products, guide more resources to be used for the sustainable economic and social development of developing countries, and support the vast number of developing countries to break development bottlenecks. Increase support for countries jointly building the "Belt and Road" countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, small island developing countries and heavy-indebted poor countries, support strengthening the shortcomings in the southern region in the global governance system, and drive more developing countries to integrate into the international division of labor and cooperation system.

- Strengthen solidarity and cooperation to meet global challenges. China firmly supports multilateralism, actively participates in bilateral and multilateral dialogue and cooperation in the field of international development, promotes the optimization and improvement of global governance in the field of international development cooperation, and maintains the international system with the United Nations as the core. Increase financial support for international organizations, actively support international organizations in playing their role, and jointly respond to global challenges such as public health crises, food security, and economic recession. Strengthen communication and coordination with other countries and international organizations, and on the basis of fully respecting the sovereignty and willingness of recipient countries, discuss with relevant countries and international regional organizations and steadily carry out tripartite cooperation to promote innovative development of international development cooperation.

(III) Improve the ability and level of international development cooperation

China will strengthen scientific management, improve policy formulation and management level, and promote high-quality development of international development cooperation.

——Strengthen planning and design and improve system construction. Fully consider the priority areas and needs of other developing countries, combine the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, formulate medium- and long-term plans for foreign aid, and formulate regional, country and special plans as needed. Continue to promote the construction of relevant laws, regulations and systems to provide legal guarantees for international development cooperation. Further play the role of the inter-ministerial coordination mechanism for foreign aid, strengthen horizontal cooperation and vertical linkage, coordinate the forces of various departments, local governments and social organizations, integrate advantageous resources, gather strength, and improve efficiency.

——Optimize project management and innovate assistance methods. Continue to strengthen the full process management of aid projects and improve the comprehensive benefits of aid. Further strengthen feasibility study on the project establishment of aid projects, conduct a good demonstration on the environmental impact of the project, follow-up operation management, etc., improve the scientific level of project establishment, and improve project reserves. Steadily advance the "self-built" cooperation model of "recipients" to drive local employment and improve the independent development capabilities of recipient countries. Further improve cooperation in human resources development, share development experience, disseminate applicable technologies, and provide intellectual support for the sustainable economic and social development of other developing countries. Further promote the innovative development of the South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund, enrich partners and cooperation methods, and build an international development partnership.

——Strengthen supervision and evaluation and improve the benefits of assistance. Establish and improve a supervision and management mechanism that coordinates, clear division of labor, performs its duties, and is consistent in power and responsibilities. Through daily supervision, special supervision and other methods, strengthen supervision of key links and improve the level of project management implementation. Establish a systematic, complete, fair and independent project evaluation mechanism, formulate scientific, standardized, complete and effective evaluation standards, carry out comprehensive and special evaluations, and strengthen the application of evaluation results. Based on one's own national conditions and international experience, we will revise and improve the foreign aid statistical indicator system and establish a modern foreign aid statistical information system.

Conclusion

At present, the world has undergone major changes that have not been seen in a century, but the theme of the times of peace and development has not changed, and the historical trend of win-win cooperation and common development has not changed. Faced with increasingly severe global challenges, only by strengthening unity and cooperation, deepening partnerships with peaceful cooperation, equality, openness, inclusiveness, and win-win sharing can all countries achieve lasting stability and development and let the sunshine of peace and development shine on the world.

China is about to embark on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and enters a new stage of development. China has always placed its own development in the coordinate system of human development, always closely linked its own destiny with the destiny of people of all countries in the world, and always combined the interests of the Chinese people with the common interests of people of all countries.China will uphold its original aspiration, continue to actively carry out international development cooperation, always be a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development, and a defender of international order, and make greater contributions to enhancing the common welfare of mankind and building a community with a shared future for mankind.

Note 1: The "China's international development cooperation" referred to in this white paper refers to "the multilateral and bilateral international cooperation carried out by China in the field of economic and social development through foreign aid and other means, including humanitarian assistance."

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"China International Development Cooperation in the New Era" White Paper Interpretation