—Is it necessary to get the self-paid vaccine?
—Does the self-paid vaccine require vaccination in other countries?
—Is there a problem with the self-paid vaccine, or is it that the country cannot afford it, so it is not free for all people to receive it?
With these questions in mind, Vivi has been studying vaccination issues recently. With the help of friends around, Vivi found the latest vaccination plans of the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Hong Kong and Taiwan for translation, and read the books and referred to the suggestions of experts Cui Yutao and Zhang Silai, and did the following sorting.
Friends who don’t have time to read the full text can directly read the comparison table and the final Vivi summary.
The difference between free vaccine and self-paid vaccine
At present, my country divides vaccines into two categories according to the national financial situation and disease prevention plan, namely, Class I vaccine and Class II vaccine. Class I vaccine refers to vaccines that the government provides to citizens for free and that the state stipulates that must be vaccinated; while Class II vaccine requires parents to choose based on their children's physical condition and their own economic strength, which is commonly known as "self-paid vaccine".
Although currently distinguishes between Class I vaccines and Class II vaccines, it is not because Class II vaccines are not important. Class II vaccines are also vaccines to prevent corresponding diseases, and these diseases are also diseases that seriously threaten children's health. Class II vaccines have been free vaccinated in developed countries, but our country is still a developing country. It is impossible to achieve free vaccination of all vaccines at this stage. (by Zhang Silai)
To avoid suspected adverse reactions after vaccination, it is recommended to vaccinate Class I and Class II vaccines at the same time. The vaccination time between the two should be at least 15 days apart. (by Cui Yutao)
Comparison of my country's second-class vaccine with the vaccination plan of the United States, Britain, Japan, Hong Kong and Taiwan
(click the picture below to enlarge it)
self-paid vaccine detailed explanation
1, inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
polio is a highly contagious viral disease that can lead to irreversible paralysis. In 2013, about 84% of babies worldwide received three doses of polio vaccination. Polio is set as a global target of elimination, and the disease has been curbed in all countries except for three countries ( Afghanistan , Nigeria and Pakistan ). Polio-free countries have been infected by imported viruses, and until polio is fully eliminated, all countries, especially those facing conflict and unstable situations, remain in danger. (byWHO )
If the vaccinated institution has an injectable polio vaccine and there is no financial burden problem at home, the injectable polio vaccine (IPV) is better than the oral polio vaccine. (by Cui Yutao)
Since December 5, 2014, Beijing will receive the first dose of IPV for free (2 months of age). If parents insist on continuing to receive IPV, the subsequent procedures will be at their own expense. (by community hospital notice)
2, Hib vaccine (type B Haemophilus influenzae vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Hib)
b Haemophilus influenzae type (Hib) can cause meningitis and pneumonia. As of the end of 2013, the Hib vaccine has been implemented in 189 countries. The global coverage of the three-dose Hib vaccine is estimated to be 52%. The regions vary greatly. In the Americas, the estimated coverage rate is 90%, while in the Western Pacific and Southeast Asia, it is only 18% and 27% respectively. The World Health Organization recommends that countries should include Hib vaccines in routine immunization programs for infants and young children when capacity and priority is appropriate. (by World Health Organization)
Note that this vaccine is different from the heptavalent pneumonia vaccine and cannot be replaced by each other. (by Cui Yutao)
3, penta vaccine (5-in-1)
penta vaccine is a combination vaccine that includes inactivated polio vaccine, Hib vaccine and diphtheria and tetanus vaccine. Using penta-linked vaccines can give children eight fewer shots than taking these vaccines alone. It is safe to get multiple vaccines at the same time. Several vaccinations at a time can reduce the number of times you go back and forth in the vaccination unit, and more importantly, it can ensure that the child completes the recommended vaccination according to the procedures. (by Cui Yutao)
penta vaccine is very safe. The inactivated vaccine means that it does not contain any living organisms, which means that your baby has no possibility of getting sick due to vaccination.It may only have mild adverse reactions to the baby, such as slight irritability and slight short-term redness and swelling at the injection site. (by UK National Health Service System)
4, pneumococcal vaccine (Pneumococcal conjugate, PCV)
pneumococcal diseases include pneumonia, meningitis, febrile bacteremia, as well as otitis media, sinusitis and bronchitis. As of the end of 2013, the pneumococcal vaccine has been implemented in 103 countries, with a global coverage rate of 25%. (by World Health Organization)
pneumococcals are divided into many serotypes, which is what we often call "valent". The 7-valent combination vaccine (PCV7) prevents type 7, and the 13-valent vaccine (PCV13) prevents type 13. These two pneumococcal vaccines are suitable for infants and young children under the age of 5; the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23 or PPSV23) is only for high-risk people with low immune function or chronic diseases after the age of 2. (by Cui Yutao)
vivi Note:
Now mainland PCV13 can only be vaccinated in some cities. You can choose to wait for mainland PCV13 to be launched or go to Hong Kong, Taiwan, the United States and other places to vaccinate PCV13.
5, flu vaccine (Influenza vaccines)
Seasonal flu is characterized by sudden high fever, cough (usually dry cough), headache, muscle and joint pain, severe physical discomfort (feeling discomfort), sore throat and runny nose. Most people recover within a week, and the fever and other symptoms disappear without seeking medical treatment. But influenza can cause serious illness or death in high-risk groups. The period from infection to onset is called the incubation period, which is about two days. (by World Health Organization)
Influenza vaccine can prevent influenza viruses. There are three types of influenza vaccines: inactivated whole virus, lysis vaccine and subunit vaccine. (by China Disease Control and Prevention)
influenza vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) are completely different vaccines. (by Cui Yutao)
Target population:
WHO recommends vaccination of the following people every year: pregnant women at any stage of pregnancy; children aged 6 months to 5 years old; elderly people aged 65 and above; patients with chronic diseases; health care workers. (by World Health Organization)
Adults are often carriers of influenza and can be transmitted to children, so adults also need to get influenza vaccine to protect themselves and their children. Pregnant women can also receive influenza vaccination after 3 months of pregnancy. Lactation mothers are vaccinated with influenza vaccines, which will help the baby well. (by Cui Yutao)
Since the components of the strains contained in the vaccine vary according to the prevailing strains of the epidemic, the influenza vaccine of the year needs to be vaccinated every year. Vaccination with influenza vaccines 1 to 2 months before the peak of the influenza epidemic can more effectively play the protective role of the vaccine. The recommended vaccination time is from September to November. (by China Disease Control)
6. Rotavirus vaccine (Rotavirus, RV)
Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in young children around the world. As of the end of 2013, the rotavirus vaccine has been launched in 52 countries, with a global coverage rate of 14%. (by World Health Organization)
The rotavirus vaccine began in the United States in 2006. As of 2010, the vaccine reduced the number of infants and young children who need acute care or hospitalization due to rotavirus disease by about 85%. (by Cui Yutao)
imported rotavirus vaccine is vaccinated at 2, 4 or 6 months. The first dose can be injected at the earliest at 6 weeks of the baby and should be injected before 14 weeks and 6 days. The last dose should be injected before 8 months of the baby is injected. The domestic rotavirus vaccine is a live vaccine with attenuation and recombination. It is an oral preparation, mainly used in infants and young children under 6 months of age to 5 years old. (by Cui Yutao, "Pediatric Vaccination")
Rotavirus vaccination is only suitable for babies and is not provided to older children. The first dose should not be later than 15 weeks, and the second dose should not be later than 24 weeks. (by UK National Health Service System)
The first dose can be injected at the earliest at 6 to 14 weeks of the baby (maximum vaccination age: 14 weeks and 6 days). It is recommended not to get vaccinated after 15 weeks; the maximum age for the last dose is 8 months. (by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
7. Varicella vaccine (Varicella, VAR)
varicella is an extremely highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. It can be transmitted through respiratory droplets spread in the air or contact with blister fluid by patients.The patient's symptoms include fever and itchy rash. The rash appears one after another within about 5 days, and then becomes itchy and small bean-like blisters. It initially spreads to the trunk and limbs, usually with the largest number of trunks. Small water will dry and scab after about 3 days. Patients usually recover naturally within 2 to 4 weeks. In healthy children, most chickenpox symptoms are mild. However, adults and people with weak resistance may have serious conditions and complications, including skin inflammation, meningitis, encephalitis and pneumonia. If a pregnant woman is infected with chickenpox in the early stages of pregnancy, it may lead to congenital defects in the fetus. (by Hong Kong Department of Health)
vivi Note:
In Beijing, children will be required to have been vaccinated with chickenpox vaccine before going to kindergarten (especially in public kindergartens).
8, Lanjuanjing
On April 10, 2015, Yu Jingjin, director of the National Health and Family Planning Commission's Disease Prevention and Control Bureau, made it clear that Lanjuanjing does not belong to a vaccine.
Yu Jingjin: Because Lanjunjing is a biological product approved by the State Food and Drug Administration, its registered name is "bacterial lysates" and should be a "biological product for treatment". According to the relevant provisions on vaccines in my country's "Regulations on Vaccine Circulation and Vaccination Management" and the "Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2005 Edition)", it can be determined that Lanjun is not a vaccine. We once again emphasize that therapeutic biological products cannot be used as vaccines, and the National Health and Family Planning Commission's attitude is clear.
Yu Jingjin: In 2007, the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began to establish an information management system for vaccination, including one of the use of biological products in various places, including the basic information on children's vaccination, and the third is the occurrence of abnormal reactions related to vaccination. Collect biological products used everywhere to understand this information and include Lanjunjing, but this collection of information does not mean that it is a vaccine.
Yu Jingjin: Children in Jiangsu and Hebei have reported Kawasaki disease, and we have not received any reports on this. As far as I know, Kawasaki disease is a common disease in a child, and the causes are relatively complex, so it may not be possible to simply define a corresponding relationship. (by China Radio Network)
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Will the vaccine lead to sudden neonatal death syndrome and autism?
Influenza is just a trouble, there is no need to get vaccinated?
is better to get immunity through disease than to get vaccinated?
... Are these rumors true?
Reply to the "Vaccine Truth" in the official account "yingyangshivivi", the World Health Organization will give you the answer
Vivi Summary
inactivated polio vaccine IPV/Hib vaccine/Pentangle vaccine: It is recommended to get the PEV vaccine. It includes inactivated polio vaccine (inactivated imported self-paid version of free vaccine sugar pills), Hib vaccine (self-paid vaccine, must be used in the United States, Britain, Japan and Taiwan) and diphtheria, tetanus and disruption vaccine (free vaccine). Using penta-linked vaccines can give children eight fewer shots than being vaccinated alone, and are also very safe. However, the cost is relatively expensive, 798 yuan/needle*4, a total of 3,192 yuan.
pneumococcal vaccine: It is recommended to be vaccinated, but because the manufacturer Pfizer's 7-valent Pearl (Children's Pneumonia Vaccine) license expired, PCV7 was suspended, and the 13-valent New Pearl vaccine has not been approved for marketing (community hospital says it is expected next year), so the pneumonia vaccine is in a state of failure to receive it. You can choose to wait for the mainland PCV13 to be launched or go to Hong Kong, Taiwan, the United States and other places to receive PCV13.
Influenza Vaccine: It is recommended to get vaccinated. In both the U.S. and the UK, WHO recommends that pregnant women at any stage of pregnancy be vaccinated each year; children aged 6 months to 5 years old; elderly people aged 65 and older; patients with chronic diseases; and health care workers receive influenza vaccination each year. Parents of the child and other family members are also recommended to get the flu vaccine.
Rotavirus vaccine: Domestic rotavirus vaccine is a live vaccine with attenuated recombination, and it has certain risks and is voluntary vaccination; imported rotavirus vaccine is safer, but domestic public hospitals do not have it, and the first dose cannot be later than 15 weeks, and the second dose cannot be later than 24 weeks.
Vaccine for chickenpox: It is recommended to get vaccinated. In Hong Kong, Taiwan and the United States, they are all within the vaccination program. It is extremely contagious and is easily contagious in kindergartens and primary schools, so it is recommended to get vaccinated.In Beijing, children are required to have been vaccinated with chickenpox (especially in public kindergartens).
Lanjun: Inoculation is not recommended. Yu Jingjin, director of the National Health and Family Planning Commission's Disease Control and Prevention Bureau, has made it clear that Lanjunjing does not belong to the vaccine.
This article took Vivi for several weeks, and it was rigorously like writing academic papers. The content involving foreign countries was translated from official websites of various countries. If you find it useful, please share it with your friends around you~
References:
Zhang Silai: "Zhang Silai Parenting Micro Interview" Health Volume
Cui Yutao: Cui Yutao "Pediatric Vaccination"
Hong Kong Immunization Program: http://www.fhs.gov.hk/sc_chi/health_info/child/14828.html; http://www.fhs.gov.hk/sc_chi/health_info/child/12173.html
US Immunization Program: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/sche dules/downloads/child/0-18yrs-schedule.pdf; http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/catchup-shell.html#f2
Japanese immunization plan: http://www.city.neyagawa.osaka.jp/kurashi/li fe_event/kosodate/kosodatenavi/1378258176185.html
Hospital and Family Planning Commission: http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/xcs/s3574/201504/bee348723e1343d9b6822366ac16bb25.shtml
UK Immunization Program (NHS, National Health Service, the UK's national medical service system, has always undertaken the important task of ensuring public health care for the UK: http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/pages/vaccination-schedule-age-checklist.aspx; http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/pages/5-in-1-infant-dtapipvhib-vaccine.aspx
China CDC: http://www.chinanip.org.cn/zstd/aqjz/
WHO: http://www.who.int/zh/
China Broadcasting Network: http://china.cnr.cn/NewsFeeds/20150411/t20150411_518293263.shtml
The author Vivi is a master of returnee nutrition, a national first-class nutritionist, a national food engineer, a member of the Chinese Nutrition Society, a columnist of Sohu Maternal and Infant and Toutiao account with over 100 million views, and a special consultant of Dabai's mother and mother. Rigorous, practical and cute science popularization official account~ Focus on spreading international mainstream scientific parenting knowledge~ Public account ID: yingyangshivivi (long press and copy)
