Children have weak self-protection ability, and accidents cause more and more harm to children. Many accidental injuries can be avoided, and first aid after the accident is particularly important.
We do not want children to encounter danger, nor do we want adults to have no ability to deal with emergencies when an accident occurs. The following 14 types of essential first aid measures can be collected and reserved for use by teachers and parents.
1. Press and hold the child's hands in time to prevent the child from reaching out and rubbing his eyes, and at the same time fix the child's head.
2. Rinse the child's head towards the injured eye side, and slowly rinse with a spoon of clean cold boiled water or mineral water for 5 minutes.
3. If the amount of foreign objects entering the eye is large and contaminated is heavy (especially chemicals) , you must race against time to rinse with the cleanest water source that can be found at that time and in the local area for 30 minutes, and seek medical treatment in a timely manner.
2. Foreign objects enter the nasal cavity
1. First teach the child to make the following attempt: take a breath with his mouth, then close his lips tightly, block the nostrils on the side without foreign objects, exhale hard, and exhale the foreign objects out of the nasal cavity.
2. If the foreign object is a soft fiber-belly object such as paper balls, cotton, yarn strips, etc., you can gently extend the round-headed tweezers from the upper part of the nasal cavity of the child, and slowly pull it out with the foreign object under the clamp. (※Extra care is required for operation)
3. If the foreign object is a round object such as buttons, beans, etc., you can open the outer ring of the paper clip, retain the inner ring's chapter end, bend downward, gently extend the back of the foreign object from the gap above the nasal cavity, and gently push it downward. (※Extra care is required for operation)
3. Swallowing toy parts
1. First confirm the type of part. If it is a sharp metal object, you can give the child raw egg white first (can wrap the metal object in the stomach to prevent gastric puncture), and then seek medical attention as soon as possible; if it is a small size and smooth plastic type, it can be discharged with the stool (the child should be observed to defecate until it is confirmed to be discharged).
2. If the part is close to the child's throat, you can put your fingers into the child's mouth, press the base of the tongue, and repeatedly stimulate the throat to induce vomiting.
3. If a child accidentally swallows a toy and blocks the trachea, he can use the Hai method: hold the child from behind with both arms, so that it is in a forward position, with a slightly lower head and a mouth open. The teacher clenched his fist with one hand and used the protruding point of the thumb and palm joint to press the upper part of the navel on the midline of the abdomen of the child. Press the other palm on the fist, pushing backwards and downwards quickly and 6 to 10 times in a row, be careful not to hurt his ribs. If it is invalid, repeat the operation again after a few seconds.
4. The throat is stuck by foreign objects
1. The orange peel can be peeled and cut into smaller pieces, so that the child can swallow it slowly with it in his mouth.
2. When the tiny fish bones are stuck in the throat, the teacher can take vitamin C1 for the child to take it and swallow it slowly. After a few minutes, the fish bones will be softened.
5, cramps
When a child cramps, you can gently massage the cramped area and gently stretch the muscles in the cramped area. But do not use too much force to prevent secondary damage.
6, nose bleeding
1. Let the child lower his head slightly, open his mouth and breathe, pinch his nose wings, and usually press on for 5 to 10 minutes to stop the bleeding. Use a wet towel to compress the forehead and nose.
2. If the amount of bleeding is large, you can roll it into strips like the thickness of the nostrils and fill it into the nasal cavity. It is important to fill and press. If there is ephedrine nasal drops, you can sprinkle the medicine on the cotton roll, which will have better hemostasis effect.
3. Note: When nosebleeds, do not let the child tilt his head or lie on his back , otherwise blood in the nose will flow back to the oropharynx. If there is not much blood coming out of the nostrils, but the child has frequent swallowing, he must let him spit out his "salm". If the spitting out is blood, it means that he is still bleeding and he must be sent to the hospital for treatment in time.
7, fainting
1. Before fainting occurs, there are often symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, blackness in front of your eyes, and then pale and cold sweat. Teachers should first place the child in a flat and spacious place so that his head is tilted to one side, and at the same time untie the collar to keep breathing smooth.
2. If the child is not awake, you can pinch the child's center acupoint with your thumb, take a chopstick, wrap a layer of cleaning gauze, and insert it horizontally into the child's mouth to prevent the child's tongue bite and the fall of the tongue to cause suffocation (if it is too late, you can use your fingers instead).But if the child has gritted his teeth, it is not advisable to knock it open by force.
3. Remove secretions in the child's mouth in time to prevent secretions from being blocked and causing suffocation.
4. If you find that your child is in poor spirits, you should take your temperature in time. If you have fever, you should take cooling measures. You can take a cold and wet towel to apply to your child’s forehead on a large area and change it every 5 to 10 minutes.
8, shock
1. Children suddenly suffer from shock, do not move too much, let the child lie flat and untie his clothes. The air around the children should be kept circulating and the environment should be kept quiet.
2. Children with pale faces should lower their heads when lying down, keep warm, and let their children take some warm sugar boiled water or light salt water.
3. Use fingernails to press the lip of the Renzhong point to wake up the child. While rescue, the child will be sent to the hospital for emergency treatment.
9, suffocation
1. If the child cannot breathe, cough or speak, he should immediately lie on his side and check the child's mouth and throat. If a foreign object is found to be blocking the airway, try to extend his fingers and the foreign object to remove the foreign object.
2. If the foreign object is not successfully taken or no foreign object is found in the mouth and throat, the child should be quickly turned upside down or leaned down on his thighs toward the lower part, and hit the spine between the two shoulder blades on his back with appropriate force to loosen the foreign object or even cough out.
3. If the child is unconscious, unresponsive, and has no breathing, he should ask the hospital for help as soon as possible and start artificial respiration, and cooperate with external chest heart compression and other first aid.
10, fracture
1. Call the emergency number immediately. Before the professional ambulance staff arrive, try to soothe the child's emotions and avoid major actions causing secondary damage.
2. If bleeding is found to occur continuously, stop the bleeding immediately and fix the injured area of the child; if the injured area is severely swollen, do not fix it too tightly.
3. If the child is injured on the neck, let the child lie on his back and put some soft materials rolled into a certain thickness on both sides of his neck, such as clothes and towels, to stabilize the original state of the neck.
4. If the child falls off the slide and feels unbearable pain in his chest and abdomen while breathing or coughing, it may be a fracture in his ribs. At this time, he should observe his breathing status at any time and be sent to the hospital in time.
5. If there is a spinal fracture, do not hold or move the child flat. It should be lifted by more than two teachers/parents with their hands to the stretcher.
11, burn
1. First of all, help the child calm down and relieve pain and prevent the child from falling into shock and coma. Expose the injured area of the young child, soak the burn in alkaline water to relieve pain for a few minutes, and it can reduce swelling and prevent blisters.
2. Then you can apply some sesame oil, vaseline, etc. to the child’s burns.
3. Soaking the burned part of the child in salt water can also relieve pain and reduce swelling.
4. You can mix raw eggs or honey, or both, and apply them to the burns of young children, which can also relieve pain and reduce swelling.
5. You can apply soy sauce or soap liquid on the red and swollen areas of children with burns. Soy sauce can relieve pain, but it cannot effectively prevent blisters. Soap liquid has the effect of clearing.
6. When a burned child is thirsty, the teacher should let him quote salt water to avoid exhaustion.
7. If the surface burns on a small area and there are no blisters, you should quickly rinse or soak the child's wound with clean cold water to reduce the temperature of his skin and subcutaneous tissue.
8. If the burned area has blisters, do not rinse it with water, and do not pick the blisters.
9. If there is any adhesion to the burn area, do not tear the clothes. Use scissors to cut off the clothes around the burn area of the child and use an ice bag to cool it down in time.
10. Do not apply red medicines such as colored drugs on the burns to avoid affecting the doctor's estimate of the area and depth of the burns.
11. You can use gauze or clean clothes to cover the burn area of the child to prevent wound infection.
12, scald
1. Rinse: Immediately rinse the injured area with cold water to reduce the temperature of the injured area to prevent the heat damage from continuing to go deeper.
2. Take off: Carefully remove the clothes covered by the scald in water to avoid sticking to the clothes on your body and the wound.
3. Soak: Continue to soak the scalded area in cold water for 30 minutes. If it cannot be soaked, you can use a wet compress with a towel.
4. Cover: Apply scald ointment to the wound, cover with disinfectant gauze or clean towel.
5. Send: Send it to the hospital immediately for further treatment. To avoid wound infection, you can cover it with a layer of clean clothes.
13, neck injury
1. If a child has bleeding marks on his neck, use iodine to disinfect the wound, or apply protective vegetable oil or hospital-apply ointment to the child's neck, and then sprinkle some talcum powder to keep the skin dry.
2. If the injured part of the child’s neck is swollen, you can use ice to reduce the swelling. Remember not to rub the injured part with panacea and Fengyou essence to avoid rupture of the blood vessels in the inner layer of the skin.
3. If a wound appears, help the child stop bleeding first. Place it on the wound with disinfectant gauze and apply pressure with your palm or fingers for 5 to 10 minutes. It is best not to use medicine to stop bleeding. After stopping the bleeding, you can use iodine to disinfect it.
14, Falling from a high place
1. Keep calm. If you find that the child falls to the ground and comes into contact with hard debris, do not hug or hold the child up to avoid misalignment of the injured part.
2. If a child falls from a high altitude, blood flows out of his mouth and nose, and is in a coma, he should immediately turn the child's head to one side and use his fingers to remove blood and other debris in the mouth to avoid suffocation.
3. Remove the utensils and hard objects in the children's pockets.
4. If the child has a serious head injury and has a lot of bleeding, you can use a clean handkerchief to gently press the wound to stop bleeding and bandage. If there are other spills on the head, remember not to move around casually, try to keep it in place, and send the children to the hospital immediately.
5. If the child does not have a major or obvious trauma, in order to prevent other accidents, the child can be placed in a restoration position and then call the emergency number.
6. If a child is injured in the shoulder blade and has symptoms such as blueness and swelling, he should not rub it. He should be compressed coldly and sent to the hospital.
Remember
The above first aid methods need to rely on teachers and parents to judge and examine the specific situation, cooperate with health care doctors, and send them to the hospital for medical treatment in a timely manner to avoid delaying the treatment opportunity.
