Author | Feng Lifei
On February 9, local time, the 2021 Wolf Prize (Wolf Prize) was announced. Six scientists from Israel, Italy and the United States won three awards in the fields of medicine, physics and chemistry.
, founded in 1976, is one of the highest academic awards in the world, with a prize of US$100,000 per award. According to statistics, about one-third of the Wolf Prize winners ended up winning the Nobel Prize, so the Wolf Prize is also known as the "Nobel Prize Vane".
To date, a total of 345 scientists and artists around the world have won this honor, including 7 Chinese scientists including Wu Jianxiong , Chen Shengshen , Yuan Longping, Qian Yongjian , Qiu Chengtong and 7 Chinese scientists.
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021 Wolf Award Winner and Reason for Winning
Chemistry Award
from the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel Lahav won the 2021 Wolf Chemistry Prize. They collaborated to establish the basic mutual influence of three-dimensional molecular structure on the structure of organic crystal .
Lahav and Leiserowitz conducted landmark experiments in the mid-1980s, proving for the first time that the absolute configuration of molecules can be obtained from their crystal morphology. They also pioneered the organic crystal stereochemistry , which directly translated individual molecules into Stereochemistry is linked to the shape of macroscopic crystals, and a link between molecular structure, crystal morphology, crystal growth kinetics and molecular chirality has been established. Their discovery lays the foundation for the current knowledge of selective self-assembly of organic molecules.
Physics Prize
021 Wolf Physics Prize was awarded Giorgio, professor of theoretical physics at the First University of Rome, Italy Parisi, in recognition of his breakthrough discoveries in disordered systems, particle physics and statistical physics.
Parisi's research focuses on quantum field theory, statistical mechanics and complex systems. He is one of the most creative and influential theoretical physicists in recent decades. His work has had a huge impact on different branches of physical science, including particle physics, critical phenomena, disordered systems, and optimization theory and mathematical physics. For example, in 1977, Parisi et al. discovered that precisely schematic The evolution equations of the distribution of quarks and gluons in protons and nuclei were prepared and analyzed for experiments conducted on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
Medical Prize
021 Wolf Medical Prize was awarded to Yale University's Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Stirling Chair Professor, Howard Hughes Medical Research Institute Researcher Joan Steitz, professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at the University of Rochester, Lynne Maquat, and Adrian Krainer of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, in recognition of their significant discoveries in RNA biology.
Their breakthrough findings in RNA regulation mechanisms show that RNA is not a passive template between DNA and proteins, but plays a leading role in regulating gene expression and diversifying gene expression. The specific reasons for the
people won the award are: Steitz made breakthrough discoveries in RNA processing and its functions; Maquat discovered a mechanism that disrupted mutant mRNA in cells - "meanless mediated mRNA attenuation"; Krainer made important discoveries in the basic mechanics of RNA splicing, and produced the world's first spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) therapy.
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7 Chinese scientists who have won the Wolf Award
Wu Jianxiong , the first Wolf Prize winner in 1978, in recognition of her contributions in exploring weak interactions.
Chen Shengshen , and won the 1983 Wolf Mathematics Award in recognition of his outstanding work in overall differential geometry.
Yuan Longping , won the 2004 Wolf Agriculture Award for his discovery in the innovative development of hybrid rice and the genetic basis of this important staple hybrid advantage.
Qian Yongjian won the 2004 Wolf Medical Award for his pioneering contribution in the design and biological application of novel fluorescence and photosoluble molecules to analyze and interfere with cell signal transduction.
Yu Chengtong won the 2010 Wolf Mathematics Award. The reason for his work in geometric analysis has had a profound and dramatic impact on many fields of geometry and physics.
Deng Qingyun won the 2011 Wolf Chemistry Award. The reason for winning the award was to create the field of research in organic materials.
Weng Qihui (from Taiwan "Central Research Institute"), won the 2014 Wolf Chemistry Award. The reason for winning the award was that he was the first to develop programmable chemical and enzyme synthesis methods.
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Wolf Prize - Nobel Prize vane
Wolf Prize was established by the Israeli Wolf Foundation in 1978 and is awarded to outstanding scientists and artists from all over the world who have contributed to the interests of mankind and friendly relations between people and people.
The scientific categories of this award include medicine, agriculture, mathematics, chemistry and physics. Art categories include painting, sculpture, music and architecture.
Wolf Prize has always been known as the "Nobel Prize vane" and about one-third of the Wolf Prize winners finally won the Nobel Prize. Taking the 2020 Nobel Prize as an example, the two winners of the Chemistry Prize - Jennifer of the University of California, Berkeley Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier of the Institute of Pathogen Science in Max Planck Society in Germany are both winners of the 2020 Wolf Medical Prize.
British scientist Roger Penrose, one of the winners of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics and one of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics, won the 1988 Wolf Prize in Physics Prize with Stephen Hawking, on the grounds that "they have made important contributions to the brilliant development of general relativity."
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