Research on place names in Jiangxi
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Manggang is Mosquito Port, Kangxi "Zhuluo County Chronicles" volume start map draws Mosquito Port, at the mouth of Bazhangxi, there are Jingshui Port and Xianshui Port in the southeast, Xianshui Port in the south, which is now Yanshui District, Tainan City, Jingshui Port Village in the north, and Fanziliao Village in the south, also known as Huanya, which is the homonym of Minnan language . Since this place is an indigenous village, it is not found in the map of Kangxi's "Zhuluo County Chronicles", but there is a Dakuibi Village in the south of Xianshui Port Street in the picture,
Figure 10 "Formosa and the Fisherman's Island Map" Part
This village should be the original name of Fanziliao, so Volume 2 of "Zhuluo County Chronicles" says:
Xianshui Port Street belongs to Dakuibizhuang, a gathering of merchants, from Maogangwei to Bengang , and the city is the largest.
Xianshui Port Street was originally the land of Dakuibizhuang. The current Yanshui District was built in the 46th year of Qianlong's reign. In the mid-Qing Dynasty, this place was still very prosperous. There is a saying that "one mansion, two deer, three potassium, four Yuejin". Yuegang and Yuegang are also known as Yanshui Port. The legend collected by Linhengdao shows that Yanshui Town was the old name of Big Turtle Meat. This name is related to Kuibi, because Kuibi is the Jufeng (龙 turtle) mentioned in the "Book of Sui". This Dakuibi is said to be the place where Lin Daoqian is active. Volume 12 of Zhuluo County Chronicles says:
Chen Xiaoji "Waiji": Lin Daoqian, the Ming pirate, was pursued by Dayou, the governor of Yu, and fled to Taiwan with a poor momentum. I am afraid that I can't control the various animals with wine and food, and kill them drunk. If there are people in the whole society without any bad habits, they will take blood and adjust ash to consolidate the ship, and then sail in the distance. The Great Kuibi splits the jar (Zhuluodi), which is its original acupoint. Maybe it's time to Kunlun, but I don't know where to end. County Chronicle: Daoqian fled to the city, and there are still remains of seeds today.
Here, Lin Daoqian killed the indigenous people in Dakuibi Village, which may indicate that Lin Daoqian had a conflict with the indigenous people here, but his main purpose must be to seize the materials for the long-distance voyage, rather than to demand the blood of the indigenous people. This shows that the Wanggang where Lin Daoqian is active is near the mouth of the Bazhang River. It has rich fishery resources, so it has become an activity area for Han fishermen. The largest production of Wugang is mullet . On December 31, 1633, two Chinese ships came from Wugang to Relanzhacheng and paid a tax of 1,000 mullets. [1] Mullet was also the foundation for the later development of Beigang. There are other aquatic products in Wanggang. The same article in "Zhuluo County Chronicles" says:
red shrimp, summer fat, paste penetrates the spine to the tail, crisp and pleasant to the mouth, and the color is also good. It is suitable for pills and dried jelly. The biggest ones are used as the opposite. Chen Xiaoji wrote "Xiashui Snow" and is very good.
Maogang tail and Mosquito Port are full of foliage, large and plump, with paste and flesh, and the color is as red as red.
Mosquito Port (Wanggang) is not far south of Ji Shuixi . The entrance to the sea of the Ji Shuixi creek of "Chiayi County Map" published in the fifth year of Guangxu (1880) is Hongxia Port, which is now Hongxia Port, in Xuejia District, Tainan City. It is the west of it, Nankunsin Village in Beimen District. It was originally a sand bank in the sea, just like the original one to seven Kunsin on the outside of Tainan City, at the mouth of Bazhang River, the original one is Nankunsin. , the body of the north Kun and the body of the green Kun, there is also the north gate island between the body of the south Kun and the body of the green Kun. Volume 7 of the "Zhuluo County Chronicles" of Kangxi, "Navigation Flood Prevention" says:
Mosquito Port is 60 miles southwest of the county seat. The port is the only way to enter and exit Qingfengque, Houshu Port, Xianshui Port, Maogangwei, Iron Line Bridge, Madou Port, etc. The port is within Qingfengque···························································· There is a small port in the south of the Qingfengque in Mosquito Port, where you can moor and take somewhere to get. The Mashagou is located in the south with six miles of sand line... Mashagou is diagonally opposite to Beimen Island. The sand line is shallow, so you can draw the drain. The Qingkun body is located in the south with three miles of sand line... Qingkun body is located in the south with more than twenty miles of water between Luermen.
The 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the mosquito port flood was set up. The "Chiayi County Map" of the Guangxu "Taiwan Map" (picture 11) marked it at the mouth of Bazhangxi. However, when some scholars turned it into a modern map, they mistakenly painted this place at the mouth of Puzixi in the south of Dongshi Township, Chiayi County. In fact, the original mosquito port flood was close to Fanziliao, and outside it was Qing Kun Body, Nan Kun Body, and Qingfeng Que. This picture painted these three islands and Mashagou parallel to east and west, which is wrong.In fact, the map at the beginning of the volume of "Zhuluo County Chronicles" shows that the south side of the Nankun body is Qingfeng Que, and the south side of the Qingfeng Que is Beimen Island, which is the current Beimen District, and the south side of the Beimen Island is Mashagou, which is now Mashagou at the mouth of General's Stream. The south side of the sun is Qing Kun body. This sandbank is connected to the north and south. Therefore, Madou Port in the Qing Dynasty also entered and exited from Mosquito Port, but in the Ming Dynasty, Madou River and others still entered the sea directly. According to the two pictures, Houshu Port is the mouth of Puzi Creek, and Tieshiqiao Creek is the Jishui Creek.
pictures 11 Guangxu's "Taiwan Map·Chiayi County Map"
Qingfengge Fort was built by Dutch . "Zhuluo County Chronicles" Volume 12 "Ancient Sites" says:
Qingfengge Fort was built in Mosquito Port, built in the Netherlands, and is now in ruins.
Volume 7 "Navigation Flood Prevention" says:
Qingfengque Fort is located south of Qingfengque Port. There is a north-south Kunsan Sand Line outside the port. The port water enters the mosquito port in the east, making it the most concise place south of the county. It was built in the Netherlands, and it was as simple as a city, with a well in it, and now it is in ruins. Therefore, the site was half flooded in the sea, so the cannons left were covered with salt water and sand. When pressed by hands, they were like worm powder, which was unbearable.
Qingfeng Palace is southeast of Nankun body, and is later silted by sea sand , between the current Nankun body and the north gate. According to Japanese investigations, the west neighboring Yanchengzhuang of Beimen Island is the former site of Qingfengque Fort. However, Beimen Island is located south, so the Qingfengque Fort seems to be located north of it. The Qingfengque Fort in "Zhuluo County Chronicles" is located at the northernmost end of the sandbank outside Mosquito Port, and the north is the Nankun body, so the Qingfengque Fort should be located in the north of Beimen Island. The name of Qingfengque comes from Qing Kun.
It is worth noting that the "Chiayi County Map" by Guangxu's "Taiwan Map" is located in Yancheng Village, the north of the Mosquito Gangsun, next to it is Qingfeng Pavilion. The two places are painted inside the harbor and are not together with the Qingfeng Pavilion in the sea. This should be a mistake in drawing. Qingfeng Pavilion is Qingfeng Pavilion, with a pronunciation close to that, and Yancheng Village should be the old courtyard in the current Beimen District. The Beimen Island in the picture was actually painted inland on the south bank of Jishui River. Jingzaijiao in the west of Beimen Island is still on the coast today, and it was painted inland. There is also Jingzaijiao Port at the mouth of Jishui River. Nan Kun is in the western part of the oyster, and the picture is also painted inland. The relative position of these three place names on the picture is correct, which is a total misplant. The Zhongzhou in the west of Jiajia should be the Zhongshe Zaishan on the map, and the Lingziliao in the southwest of Jiajia should be the Lingziliao on the map. The two places were actually painted on the north bank of Jishui River.
The fortress in Qingfengque is actually a castle built by the Dutch in Wugang. " Relandzha City Log " records that on March 30, 1634, the Dutch chief and parliament in the Relandzha City decided to prevent Liu Xiang from coming to Wugang and prevent Liu Xiang and other pirates from causing panic to merchants, thereby causing greater losses to the Dutch company. On May 13, pirates robbed in Bengang, so the Dutch sent three ships to find these pirates. I heard that the Wugang Bay began to deepen and was preparing to survey whether the fortress could be built in Wugang to prevent the Spanish from invading the south. On November 9, the Dutch decided to issue licenses to the people of Madou Society and Xiaolong Society to prevent them from harassing the Chinese who burned lime, fished and cultivated land in Wugang, because these people served the Dutch.
Wanggang is a lime production area, so there is a Huiyaogang village in the east of Beimen District. This place should be related to the lime industry in Wugang, and it may be that lime island. Before the Dutch arrived at Wanggang, there were many Chinese people in Wanggang, so the Dutch wanted the Chinese to leave. It was the first Chinese to open up the Wugang. Their fishery, commerce and manufacturing industries in Wugang were all found before the Dutch arrived. Because Wugang was the earliest settlement opened by the Chinese, there was a need to build houses and became a place where craftsmen gathered. After 1637, the Dutch transported lime from Wugang to Jelanzha City countless times. The fortress of Wugang was built, and the Chinese worked hard outside the city, but there were often reports of Chinese people who burned lime in Wugang being attacked by the Vavorolans. On October 25, the Dutch decided to mobilize the troops of allies such as Madou, Xiaolong, Zhuluoshan, and Mugaliuwan to go to Vavorolang. On the 31st, they returned to the vast Wugang Inner Bay and arrived at the high-ranking officials on November 1st. On November 16, eight Chinese people captured by the Vavorolang people were released.
Wanggang is also a distribution center for deer skin.According to the "Relan Chacheng Diary", as early as March 13, 1633, Chinese pirate ships went from southern Taiwan to the north, preparing to rob Chinese ships that purchased deer skins in Wugang, Erlin, Mazhilinshe (now Lugang Town, Changhua County) and other places. On June 27, 1635, three Chinese ships transported 10,000 deer-skins from Wugang to Jelanzha City. On January 23, 1638, the Dutch posted a notice saying that in the Daguan and Wanggang, an inspector weighed the venison shipped to China and tithes tithes . It is precisely because Wanggang has abundant resources and guards the first estuary harbor in the north of Dayuan Bay that the Dutch people wanted to build a city here.
Wanggang, as a harbor, refers to the sea area between Nankun, Beimen Island and Yanshui District, and has now become a land. As a village opened by the Han people, Wugang is near the North Gate, and the fortress built by the Dutch is also here. Dutch people often build cities in prominent headlands, such as the city of Relanzha in Yikun, and the city built in Penghu during the Tianqi period is at the Fengkou tail.
The Dutch once leveled the sand dunes before building the fort, which made the foundation of the sandbar where the fort was unstable. In fact, the Dutch experience may be preserved in the legend of Nan Kun. In 1970, a legend was collected in Nankun's body, saying that the famous temple of Nankun's body Daitianfu once moved in the Qing Dynasty because the Dutch stole the black gold stone near Shijinglun and the white saddle vine head of Nankun's body. The black gold stone is a treasure that avoids water. No matter how big the tide there is, it cannot be destroyed. The white saddle vine head is also a rare treasure. After they were stolen by the Dutch, the sea tide washed over the sandbank. It was not until Jiaqing that this temple was rebuilt in Yanlang Mountain, also known as Hufeng, which is the current temple site. The so-called Dutch stealing treasures may mean that the Dutch digging out sand dunes. In short, the sea tide here did destroy the sandbank in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
Nankun’s body is a famous temple in Tainan. It was built very early and worshipped five princes. Therefore, there is still the Prince’s Port between Nankun’s body and the North Gate. There is also the custom of sending kingships along the coast of Fujian. The pronunciations of Wanggang and Wangyegang are relatively close, but the one in Wanggang may have nothing to do with the prince.
Wanggang is not far from the Dayuanwan area where the indigenous villages are concentrated, but it is separated from the Madou Society and Xiaolong Society by Jiushuixi and General River. Lin Feng, Lin Daoqian and others are active here, which can not only maintain exchanges and trade with the indigenous people, but also maintain a certain distance from the Tainan City area where the indigenous people are concentrated, so that the settlement will not be invaded by the indigenous people.
3. The place name in southern Taiwan
(I) Jia Laowan
Jia Laowan has a huge estuary, which should be the inland sea of Taijiang River. It has now accumulated and is in the center of Tainan today (Figure 12). On December 27, 1628, the record of the Dutch pastor Gandilius said that among the tribes familiar to the Dutch were the Backel, and the Old Bay might be the provincial translation. Chen Di's "The Legend of the East" says:
The Eastern Bible people don't know where they start. It lives in the outer ocean islands of Penghu, and has grown into Wugang and Jialaowan. It has lived in Dayuan, Yaogang, Dagouyu, Xiaotanshui, Shuangxikou, Galilin, Sabali, and Dabangkeng, all of which are their residences. It is intermittent for more than a thousand miles, with a wide variety.
Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the location of Beigang, Dashitou, Wugang, and Jia Laowan
(II) Stream water and stream water
The south of the estuary of the river where Jia Laowan is located, there is an estuary of the river next to the bay, named Stream water (Figure 13). To the south, there is another estuary, also named Stream Water. plus the bay south of Laowan, which is the bay north of Kaohsiung City. The estuary in the south is in the south of Kaohsiung City, which is the Kaohsiung between Pingtung, which is also known as Gaopingxi . Chen Di's "East Fan Ji" calls the bay in the northern part of Kaohsiung Yaogang, Kaohsiung called the dog, and Xiatanshui called Xiaotanshui. The stream water facing south is Shuangxikou in "Dongfan Ji", which is now Donggang River in Pingtung County. Donggang River mouth is close to Gaoping River, so Gaoping River is also known as Xixi. Donggang River was originally named Dongxi, and Shuangxikou is in the middle.
(III) Jiaoding Port
There is Jiaoding Port on the south bank of the creek mouth in the south of the south (see Figure 13). This place should be the Jiaotong Port in the Qing Dynasty, because Hai Jiaotong (Catia) is named. Seafood is found on the coast south of Taichung . It is a kind of mangrove . It is not a common tree of cherry trees in southern mainland China. 中文 can be translated as Jiacheng. Kaohsiung City's original name was Qichengtian, which also originated from Haijiazhuang. There are many similar place names along the southern coast of Taiwan. The pronunciation of Eggplant, Eggplant, Eggplant, Eggplant and Eggplant in Minnan is the same. Juddinggang is also the Galilin in Chen Di's "Dongfan Ji", and the Galilin is the mangrove forest of Sea Eggplant (Figure 14). The shape of the inner part is close, so it is wrongly called Gary. Because Han people like to add a verbal word when translating foreign nouns, they are also written as 六.
Jia Teng Port is at the junction of today's Donggang Town and Nanzhou Township. The "Fengshan County Interview Book" of the 20th year of Guangxu (1894) records: "Donggang································································································································································································································································································································································································································································· Nanping Port is located in today's Nanpingli, and there is a legend about Jinjiali Port. This port is between Shuangxikou and Linbianxi . Because there is Shashan in the south, it is also a good port. In the early years of Qianlong, five surnames of Chen, Su, Hong, Li and Zhuang from Quanzhou came to Jiateng Port to reclaim Datan Xinzhuang, Xiajunzhuang and Sanchahezhuang, which are now Datanli, Xiajunli and Sanxili. Wanhua Village, Nanzhou Township, which is close to the east, is the Jiateng Society. Wanhua is an elegant version of the Minnan language fanzi. The southeast of its Jiadong Township is derived from Jiaojiao, and is the same place name, not Jiaodinggang.
Figure 13 "Fujian Coastal Defense Map" In "Fujian Sea Fighting Map", German stream water, stream water, Jiaoding Port
Figure 14 Jiaoding Port (Garylin) Location map
008 A large-scale oriental navigation map drawn by a merchant from southern Fujian in the late Ming Dynasty was discovered in the Baodelin Library of Oxford University. The Taiwan Island on the picture has only two place names: Beigang and Garylin. Garylin is Garylin and Garyding Port. Previously, Garylin on this nautical chart in the late Ming Dynasty did not draw a correct conclusion because he did not compare "The East Fan Ji" and "Fujian Coastal Defense Map". In the "Fujian Coastal Defense Map", the only place names called ports in southern Taiwan are Beigang, Wugang and Jiaoding Port. It is precisely because these three ports are active places for the Han people that they are called ports. Chen Di's "The Record of the East Fan" contains Galilin (Jiaoding Port), but the important Beigang is missing. Fujian's Coastal Defense Map includes Beigang, Wugang and Jiaoding Port. Oxford University Title pictures include Beigang and Garylin (Jiangding Port), but there is no Wugang. I don’t know if it is because Wugang has declined, or because there are too many indigenous people near Wugang, or because the Dutch occupy Tainan and Wugang, so Wugang is not drawn on the picture (Figure 15).
Figure 15 Taiwan
in the navigation chart of Fujian businessmen in the late Ming Dynasty of Oxford University, Taiwan
(IV) Shamatou
There is another harbor in the south, and Shamatou in the south. This harbor is the southern bay of the south bay of Taiwan Island, and Shamatou is the southernmost Eluanbi of Taiwan Island. Volume 15 of Hengchun County Chronicles in the 21st year of the Guangxu period, "Mountains and Rivers" says: " Eluanbi , the former name of Shamaqi." This name was found in the Ming Dynasty. "Sending the Wind" appeared in Shamatou 3 times and Shamaqitou 2 times; "Guide to the Law of the Law" has Shamaqitou 4 times, of which 2 times were Shamaqitou Gate. Shama Ying means the desert, and the ancient sound of desert is mak. There is also a sandmo in the southwest corner of Tseung Kwan Ou Island in Wang'an Township, Penghu County, which is the desert island. There are many sandy coasts in the Eluanbi area, with Baishabi in the south, sand island in the west, and a landscape of wind blowing sand in the east.
Conclusion
This "Fujian Coast Defense Map" drawn in the Ming Dynasty Wanli period not only paints the coast of Fujian, but also paints Taiwan Island and Philippines , Okinawa and other places, indicating that the Fujian government at that time was already very familiar with Taiwan Island, the Philippines, and Okinawa, and had realized Taiwan's important position in Fujian coastal defense.
The "Fujian Coastal Defense Map" in the Ming Dynasty not only marks 22 place names in Taiwan, but is also distributed on the main island and affiliated islands in Taiwan. There are 2 place names in Hua Vase Island and Huangwei Island . Another 20 place names are distributed in Keelung , the northernmost of Taiwan Island to the southernmost Eluanbi. These place names are evenly distributed in 10 counties and cities including Keelung, Taipei, Taoyuan, Miaoli, Changhua, Yunlin, Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung, and Pingtung, and fully draw the western coast of Taiwan Island.This shows that at that time, the survey and mapping of Taiwan Island by Fujian Navy was very complete, and the Chinese people's understanding of Taiwan in the Ming Dynasty was by no means vague or fragmented. Diaoyu Island is between Huavine Island and Huangwei Island. The picture shows Huavine Island and Huangwei Island, which shows that the entire Diaoyu Islands are under the jurisdiction of the Ming Dynasty.
The 20 Taiwan island place names marked on the "Fujian Coast Defense Map" in the Ming Dynasty involve natural landscapes, indigenous villages and communities, ports for active Han people, and fishing grounds for Han people to catch fish, indicating that Fujian people are very active in Taiwan. It is precisely because Fujian fishermen and merchants are very active in Taiwan that the Fujian Navy can draw such an accurate "Fujian Coastal Defense Map". Many of the place names in the picture were used in the Qing Dynasty and even in the modern era, which shows that the development of Taiwan by Han people from the mainland during the Ming and Qing dynasties was a continuous historical process, and it was not interrupted by the occupation of Taiwan by the Dutch and Spanish.
Author: Zhou Yunzhong
Article source: "National Navigation" 2015 Issue 4
Selected manuscript: He Boyu
Editor: Liu Yan
Proofreading: Zhou Chen
Review: Zhang Chunyu
Editor: Liu Yan
Editor: Liu Yan
(Due to limited layout, please refer to the original text for the comments of the article)
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