Golden Fruit , also known as Huang Jing Fruit , Yellow Star Apple, Honey Orange Fruit and Ai Mi, etc., belongs to the genus Bakelite of the Asparagus family. It is native to the upper Amazon River. It is mainly distributed in the east of the Andes Mountains. It was later introduced to Darwin in northern Australia, Malaysia , the Philippines and other countries. Taiwan, China was first introduced from Singapore by Professor Wang Denan from Fengshan Tropical Horticulture Experimental Branch in 1987, and introduced two lines from Malaysia in 1994. Later, Professor Yan Changrui from Pingtung University of Science and Technology introduced trial seeds from the University of the Philippines and Hawaii, and selected the Golden Fruit Department. At present, except for Australia, Malaysia, and Taiwan, there are a small amount of economic cultivation around the world, commercial economic cultivation has not yet begun. Because the golden fruits are novel and beautiful, they look fresh yellow like gold, have high sweetness, smooth flesh, and beautiful tree shape, can adjust annual production, have very few pests and diseases, and are easy to cultivate organically. They are deeply loved by growers and consumers, and have gradually developed into one of the important economic fruits in Taiwan, with a broad market prospect.
1 Main cultivation technology
1.1 Selection and planning of gardens
Golden fruit is a tropical fruit tree, which likes warmth and humidity resistance. It is advisable to build a garden with a good ecological environment, an altitude of less than 500 m, open and sunny, wind-proof, cold air is not easy to deposit, fertile soil, good drainage, deep soil layer, pH 5.5~7.5, good structure, strong water and fertility. At the same time, design and planning are carried out according to the garden planting conditions, leaving work paths and drainage ditches, and the slope orchards must be surrounded by mountains and the inward inclination is 2 to 3°, and in accordance with soil and water conservation measures.
1.2 Planting
Reclaim 2 to 3 months before planting, with a reclamation depth of 30 to 40 cm. Plow and rake thoroughly to make the soil loose and fine, dig planting pits with a length and width of 60 cm and a depth of 60 to 80 m, with a row spacing of 4 m×4 m, and plant 44 plants every 667 m2. The soil will return to the pit after 2 to 3 months of weathering. Apply 20-25 kg of decomposed manure, 0.5-1.0 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15) and 0.5-1.0 kg of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus fertilizer, 0.5-1.0 kg of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus fertilizer. The fertilizer and the topsoil were mixed well and backfilled, and formed into a tree plate 20-30 cm higher than the original topsoil and larger than 1 m in diameter. During planting, the seedling bag should be cut, and the entire seedling should be taken out and the whole cup of soil should be taken out from the seedling bag and placed in the planting pit. Then the soil should be straightened and filled, and the root water should be poured.
1.3 Fertilizer and water management
Young trees should apply thin fertilizer frequently. The fertilizer should be mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and appropriately supplemented by phosphorus, potassium fertilizer . After the first time of planting, after the new and mature, each plant should be given 200 to 300 times the water, 50 to 100 g of decayed human and animal manure, urine, urea or compound fertilizer once a month to promote the growth of new shoots and cultivate the crown. Fertilize once before flowering, mainly potassium fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and apply bran fertilizer or cake fertilizer; during the fruit development period, high-potassium compound fertilizer is the main to improve the quality of the fruit. Fertilize after harvesting fruits in autumn and winter, mainly organic fertilizer, and combine them with compound fertilizer. During the greening stage of the new shoot, the young fruit stage, and the fruit expansion stage, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% magnesium sulfate and other leaf fertilizers can be applied 1 to 2 times each time. Although "golden fruit" is drought-resistant, it is avoided to dryness and water immersion. Drying is not conducive to flowering and fruiting and later yields, and immersion in water affects the fertility of the plant. After several days of continuous immersion, the plant will gradually die. Avoid being too dry and continuously soaking in the branches during the growth process; avoid drying during the growth period of the fruit, and keeping it moist regularly is conducive to the expansion of the fruit and improving quality.
1.4 Plastic styling and pruning
Golden fruit is suitable for a tree shape to be heart-shaped, and it is appropriate to promote 3 to 5 branches during the seedling stage. Young trees do not need too much pruning, but they can control the shape of the tree by lightly pruning or pulling branches to reduce the shape. They can cut off thin and weak branches, long branches, and cross branches and leaves, so that the tree body is ventilated and transparent, improve the overlap of branches and leaves, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Two-year-old trees are mainly cultivated and expanded in crowns. They are generally not pruned. They can top and pull branches according to the goal of cultivating the crown. After the fruit, the branches and branches droop. After a little pruning, you can control the height of the plant. After harvesting, try to maintain the middle and lower branches of the crown. Prune according to the principles of heavy weight on the top and light on the bottom, heavy weight on the inside and light on the outside, light on the weak tree, and heavy weight on the prosperous tree, and control the height of the tree within 2.5 m.
2 Floral Management
html can bloom and fruits on the 0th anniversary, and the delivery period can be adjusted through pruning, sparse fruits, etc. Due to the large amount of flowers in production, different batches usually sparse the fruits after firmly sitting. First, after removing the deformed fruits, pests and fruits, and fruits with too dense fruits, the fruits that are upright and grow on the strong fruits, each fruit bears 5 to 6 fruits. Spray 0.2% potassium nitrate + 0.2% borax 1 to 2 times during the flowering period. The fruit bag should be bagged immediately after the fruit is loosened. A white sulfuric acid paper bag should be used to reduce the scratches of the fruit surface, prevent fruit flies, improve the color of the fruit peel and improve the quality of the fruit.
2.1 Cold-proof
Before frost comes, cover the tree disk with straw or other weeds to protect the root system. When cold wind, rain, cold and frost are caused, cover the plant with plastic film, and pay attention to prevent the plant from being frozen, the leaves turn yellow and fall off, and the branches and trunks dry.
2.2. Pest control
Golden fruit pests have fewer harms, mainly whiteflies, scale insects, aphids, moths , and moths. At present, in production, the key prevention and control time is grasped, the plants are strengthened, and prevention is the main focus, and comprehensive prevention and control is carried out. For the onset plants, they can be prevented and treated by spraying avermectin , Lesbourne, imidacloprid and other low-toxic and efficient pesticides. fruit fly can be treated physically by bagging, insect trapping lamps, hanging yellow boards, etc.
2.3 Harvest
Fruits must be harvested in batches according to the ripening period. More than 2/3 of the fruits in spring and autumn can only be harvested. In winter, the fruits must be completely yellow before they can be harvested. After the fruit is harvested, it is advisable to use a plastic mesh cover to prevent abrasions, impacts, and heavy pressure during the packaging process. It can be stored at room temperature for 5 to 7 days.
3 Summary
Golden fruits show the characteristics of high yield, stable yield, and high quality. The fruit is smooth and smooth, the fruit taste is sweet and has a slightly milky aroma. The fruit has excellent economic characteristics and high efficiency, and has good commercial promotion and application value. However, it is difficult to achieve annual growth of golden fruits on land cultivation in Nanning. Plants that bloom in October will be affected by the low temperature weather in winter during the fruit development period, and will grow slowly, the average single fruit weight of the fruit is small, and the commercial properties are reduced. Therefore, in actual production, it is recommended to pick up the fruits from September to October, and then the plants are shaped and pruned, and the branches will be cultivated the following year to ensure the nutrition of the plant and the commercial value of the fruits. At the same time, golden fruits are not cold-resistant. The low temperature of 10℃ for 1 week will cause the leaves to turn yellow and fall off. Open-air cultivation requires film facilities to cover them in safe winter. Golden fruit is an emerging and rare fruit. The fruit has high amino acid content, rich nutrition, and beautiful tree shape. It is currently not commercially cultivated in Guangxi. It can develop distinctive tropical tourist orchards and leisure agricultural tourism in the central and southern Guangxi region through scientific research, popular science, production and tourism, and promote the development of the golden fruit industry.
