aircraft not only brought mankind into the aviation age, but also opened the prelude to the development of general aviation in the world.
On June 2, 1931, the Zhejiang Provincial Water Conservancy Bureau rented a Messerschmitt (Messer?schmitt) M18-D aircraft of the German Lufthansa Airlines, and flew it on the Qiantang River tributary Puyang River 36 km river. Duan took aerial photography and opened the first page of China's general aviation history.
The breakthrough development of China's general aviation goes hand in hand with the growth of the new China's civil aviation. In May 1951, at the request of the Guangzhou Municipal Government, the Civil Aviation Bureau of the Military Commission agreed with the Guangzhou Civil Aviation Administration to dispatch a C-46 aircraft to carry out 41 mosquito-killing missions over Guangzhou for two consecutive days. This was a new A Chinese civil aviation aircraft performed a general aviation mission for the first time.
In 1952, China Civil Aviation established its first general aviation team (China Civil Aviation was originally called "General Aviation" as "Professional Aviation". In order to be consistent with international civil aviation regulations, the "About General Aviation Management" issued by the State Council on January 8, 1986 "Provisional Regulations" officially changed "professional aviation" to "general aviation") - the Aviation Agriculture and Forestry Team of the Civil Aviation Administration of the Military Commission is equipped with 10 Airo 45 aircraft produced in the Czech Republic. In 1955, the Civil Aviation Administration of China established a professional aviation fleet with two squadrons: forestry and aerial survey. Since then, 17 flight squadrons and brigades focusing on agricultural and forestry flights have been successively established across the country, and have successively operated flights including Li 2, Bo 2, Yak 12, IL 12, IL 14, An 2, Yun 5, and . 5 and other types of aircraft and helicopters. By the end of 1965, the civil aviation system had 10 flying groups mainly engaged in professional aviation (the 8th to 18th flying groups), with 273 aircraft (including 205 Y-5 aircraft) and an average of 15,800 hours of operation per year. The first golden period of general aviation development initially formed the basic strength of China's civil aviation general aviation.
In 1966, the 18th Civil Aviation Flying Group was reorganized into the Second Civil Aviation Flying Corps, responsible for general aviation missions. After 1970, my country's general aviation has successively introduced An-12, An-30, Mi-8, Skylark and other turbojet-powered aircraft to replace the original piston engine-powered aircraft. Soon after, it purchased new aircraft and helicopters such as Twin Otter, King Air B200, Bell 212, Rama, Dolphin, as well as domestic Y-12 and Z-9 aircraft and helicopters. At the same time, it leased or financed the purchase of Bell 214ST, S-76, S -61, H215, M-18, H125 and other aircraft and helicopters. By 1980, the civil aviation system had 14 professional flight teams mainly engaged in agricultural and forestry aviation, namely the 9th Flying Group (based in Urumqi), the 11th Flying Group (based in Hengyang), the 12th Flying Group (based in Changchun), the 13th Flying Group Flying Group (stationed in Jinan), 14th Flying Group (stationed in Hefei), 15th Flying Group Brigade (stationed in Shashi), 16th Flying Group (stationed in Nanyang), 17th Flying Group (stationed in Chongqing), 20th Flying Group (stationed in Chaoyang), 21st Flying Group (stationed in Lanzhou), 24th Flying Group (stationed in Hohhot) , the 25th Flying Group (stationed in Harbin) and 2 flying squadrons (stationed in Nanchang, Xi'an). These aircraft and teams basically meet the needs of my country's economic construction and social development, making general aviation an important wing of my country's civil aviation industry.
In September 1982, in response to the rapid development of general aviation after the reform and opening up, the Second Civil Aviation Flight Corps was reorganized into the "China Civil Aviation Industry Aviation Service Company", which specializes in providing flight services for industry, agriculture, offshore oil transportation, etc. This is The first general aviation company established by China Civil Aviation Administration. Soon, China South China Sea Petroleum Joint Services Corporation Civil Aviation Helicopter Company (Civil Aviation Guangzhou Helicopter Company), China Ocean Helicopter Service Company, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Agricultural Aviation Service Team, Shanghai Offshore Oil Service Corporation Civil Aviation Helicopter Company (Civil Aviation Shanghai Helicopter Company) , China Feilong Professional Airlines, Heilongjiang Provincial State-owned Farm Administration Agricultural Aviation Experiment Station (Longken General Aviation), Hebei Airlines, etc. were successively established, and China's general aviation industry entered a period of sustained and rapid development.
However, since 1990, the development of China's general aviation has been in a difficult situation.First, the workload of general aviation enterprises has seriously declined; second, many types of aircraft are obsolete and backward, and have entered the phase of phasing out; third, aircraft models cannot be updated, and the number of available aircraft has decreased; fourth, a large number of pilots have switched to transport aircraft, and general aviation aircrews have been severely insufficient. To this end, in 1996, the Civil Aviation Administration of China issued the "Decision of the Party Committee of the Civil Aviation Administration of China on Several Issues Concerning the Development of General Aviation" to vigorously promote the development of general aviation. Since then, general aviation has gained new vitality and begun to develop steadily. By 2006, the annual operational flight hours of general aviation reached 98,700 hours, an increase of 16% from 2005, a record high; the number of aircraft and helicopters in the general aviation industry (including teaching and training, airport calibration aircraft and helicopters) reached 707 , including 575 aircraft and 132 helicopters, 92 more than in 2005; there are 69 enterprises engaged in general aviation activities nationwide, and 30 general aviation enterprises have been approved to be established.
After 2008, in view of the outstanding performance of general aviation aircraft in the Wenchuan earthquake rescue in Sichuan, coupled with the many business jets flying from all over the world during the Beijing Olympic Games, China's general aviation once again attracted attention and set off a new round of development boom. In November 2010, the State Council and the Central Military Commission issued the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of my country's Low-Altitude Airspace Management", which sounded the clarion call for the development of general aviation. In July 2012, the "Several Opinions of the State Council on Promoting the Development of the Civil Aviation Industry" was officially issued, requiring vigorous development of general aviation and accelerating the cultivation of general aviation into a new economic growth point. It also proposed that the main tasks of the development of the civil aviation industry also include vigorously developing General aviation actively supports the manufacturing of domestic civil aircraft. By 2020, general aviation will achieve large-scale development, with a total flight volume of 2 million hours, an average annual growth of 19%.
Encouraged by various favorable policies, my country's general aviation industry has developed rapidly in recent years. As of December 2014, there were 239 general aviation operating companies in my country, with more than 200 companies approved for establishment and 1,621 registered general aircraft; as of December 2018, the number of general aviation operating companies in my country reached 436; as of the end of August 2019, the number of registered general aviation companies The number of general aircraft reached 2,583. There are 145 types of aircraft models (excluding business jets) that have been used and are currently in use, including 29 domestic models and 116 imported models. Specifically, the first category is aircraft models with independent research and development and independent intellectual property rights, such as Chujiao 5, Yun 5, Yun 5B, Yun 7, Yun 11, and Yun 12 aircraft, Z-5, Z-11 helicopters, and Kitty Hawk 500, A2C aircraft, Bee series light aircraft, Arora SA60L, AC500, Blue Eagle AD20 0, Hongdu N5A agricultural and forestry aircraft, Haiyan 650 and Huajiao HJ2000, Datian CA-80 airship, RQ7-3 hot air balloon, etc.; the second type is the introduction of foreign advanced models for production, such as Cessna 162R, Seth Na-208, PZLSW-4 helicopter, Z-9 (Zhi-9A) helicopter; the third category is with foreign leading Manufacturers cooperate to develop and produce, such as EC-120 ("Hummingbird"), DA40 series aircraft, and CTLS aircraft; the fourth category is the acquisition of foreign advanced aircraft models or well-known manufacturers, such as General Aircraft Corporation's acquisition of the American Cirrus Corporation, Chongqing Helicopter Industry Investment Co., Ltd. completed the acquisition of the American Enstrom Helicopter Company, and its products are SR20/SR22, Enstrom Helicopter Strone series; the fifth category is the introduction of advanced models directly from abroad, such as H125 "Little Squirrel", Bell 407, Bell 429, EC130, EC225, Ka-32, Mi-26, S-92, PC-12, Soka Tower TB-200, Cessna 152, Cessna 182, Cessna 208 "Caravan", R22, R44, etc.
H125 "Little Squirrel"
straight-9
H135
TB-20
S-76A++
General aviation is an important part of civil aviation and a solid foundation for the development of civil aviation. As one of the two wings of civil aviation, the sound and rapid development of the general aviation industry is a solid guarantee for my country's implementation of the strategy of strengthening the civil aviation industry, and plays a huge role in the process of transforming the economic development model and upgrading the industrial structure. With the continuous improvement of public awareness of general aviation aircraft models and the gradual increase in the social contribution rate of the general aviation industry, my country's general aviation industry will usher in a better future. (Li Yong)
