Back then, who helped the young Deng Xiaoping take the crucial step of going to France for work-study studies? "My Father Deng Xiaoping" written by Deng Xiaoping's daughter Maomao and the large-scale documentary TV film "Deng Xiaoping" both mentioned Deng Xiaoping's teacher Wang Yunsong with full respect. "Mr. Wu Yuzhang was officially recommended as the advocate of the work-study movement in France in Sichuan, and the hero of the work-study movement in Chongqing was undoubtedly Mr. Wang Yunsong, the president of the Chongqing Chamber of Commerce."
"I felt at that time that
this kid Xixian will definitely have a future!"
Wang Yunsong, whose courtesy name was Dexun, was born in a merchant family in 1874. When he was young, he was selected as a tribute student and entered the Imperial Academy in Beijing for further study. From this, he had the opportunity to interact with the imperial relatives in the capital. Not only did he obtain a large number of precious antiques, calligraphy and paintings, including the imperial letters of Emperors Qianlong and Kangxi, but he also met the elder brother of the last emperor Puyi. , ancient music master Pu Xuezhai were acquainted with Jinlan, and they once exchanged posts and became sworn brothers.
In 1905, Wang Yunsong and his family went to Jiangsu to serve as county magistrate. He had considerable political achievements and reputation. Soon he was promoted to Daotai, Wuchang Prefecture magistrate and other positions.
Although there was a popular saying at the time that "three years to clear the prefecture, one hundred thousand snowflakes are worth", after the success of the Revolution of 1911, when Wang Yunsong returned to Chongqing with his family, he had no other property except some antique calligraphy and paintings and leather jackets that were very cheap in Jilin. . Fortunately, his father still had a lot of income from business, so the family had no worries about their life after returning to Chongqing.
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Wang Yunsong
After that, he saw that the shortage of medical care in Chongqing was very serious, so he organized the Baxian Medical School with Ba County township sages Liu Huancai, Wang Fengming and others, which was later renamed Chongqing Government Medical School and Chongqing Commercial Medical School. School, Chongqing Cunren Medical School, etc., and has been serving as a director. This school has trained many medical talents for Chongqing.
Wang Yunsong also co-founded Dazhong Bank in 1919 and served as its general manager. The bank's capital once reached 1 million yuan and it has branches in Chengdu, Wuhan, Shanghai and other places. In view of his reputation and character, he was elected as the president of the Chongqing General Chamber of Commerce and the chairman of the Chongqing Municipal Senate Council.
After the Russian October Revolution in 1917 and China’s May 4th Movement in 1919, Chinese intellectuals who struggled to seek the truth of saving the country and the people launched a large-scale work-study movement in France, aiming to learn advanced Western ideas and technologies. Under Wu Yuzhang's initiative, Chengdu took the lead in establishing a preparatory school for students studying in France in 1918.
When this group of students passed through Chongqing and boarded a ship at Chaotianmen Pier and sailed along the Yangtze River to Europe, Wang Yunsong, then president of the Chongqing General Chamber of Commerce, witnessed this scene with his own eyes and was deeply affected.
When he was an official in the Qing Dynasty, he supported the reform ideas of Kang and Liang, and also treasured Kang Youwei's handwritten banners. But after the reform failed, his thoughts became more revolutionary. The vigorous work-study movement in France gave him, who advocated industry to save the country, the hope of China.
After that, he worked in many ways, raising tens of thousands of dollars from business people and celebrities. With the approval of Wen Shaohe, the then education director, Chongqing Work-Study Preparatory School for Study in France was officially established on August 28, 1919. Wang Yunsong personally served as the school. headmaster.
When Wang Yunsong was preparing for the preparatory school for studying in France, Deng Xiaoping's father, Deng Shaochang, was in Chongqing. After hearing the news, the open-minded Deng Shaochang immediately sent his eldest son (Deng Xiaoping) to Chongqing to attend a preparatory school for studying in France. So, in early September of the same year, the preparatory school had started, and the 15-year-old Deng Xiaoping came from the remote Guang'an County in Sichuan to study as a self-funded student.
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In 1920, Deng Xiaoping was studying in France on a work-study program.
There were 110 students in this batch, divided into publicly funded students and self-funded students. The school provides 300 yuan for travel expenses for public-funded students, and 100 yuan for self-funded students. The school can raise 200 yuan for self-funded students. They can travel after graduation and passing the exam.
After nearly a year of intense study, 83 students passed the graduation examination, physical examination and oral examination at the French Consulate in Chongqing, and Deng Xiaoping was the youngest among them.
While the students were busy preparing to go to a foreign country, Wang Yunsong, who was extremely enthusiastic and personally took care of everything from school planning, fund-raising, site selection, hiring teachers, examinations to finally applying for visas, took Deng Xiaoping aside and started from himself. I gave him 300 yuan from my savings and encouraged him enthusiastically.
Why did Wang Yunsong give Deng Xiaoping such preferential treatment? Yang Zhongxiu, the great-nephew who has always been close to Wang Yunsong, solved the mystery:
During the Liberation War, when Liu and Deng’s armies advanced into the Central Plains and shocked the world, my uncle said to me with some pride: This is the name of Deng Xiaoping My name is Deng Xixian, and he was one of the two students I particularly liked in the work-study preparatory school in France. There are two things I like most about Xixian: first, he is stable and flexible, and he is very independent in everything he does; second, he is patriotic and has a sense of justice. At that time, I felt that Xixian (Deng Xiaoping) would definitely have a future! "
At three o'clock in the afternoon on August 27, 1920, Wang Yunsong sent 83 of Deng Xiaoping's students from eastern Sichuan to the "Auspicious" ship.
It was not just Deng Xiaoping who received Wang Yunsong's help.
At the peak of the work-study program in France, due to funds and Due to the limited quota, some young people in eastern Sichuan had to go to France directly at their own expense. At the end of 1919, Nie Rongzhen and more than ten young people from Jiangjin County, Sichuan raised 300 yuan each to come to Chongqing. However, they were not familiar with the French consulate, so they found a place in Chongqing. Liu Yingbin, an acquaintance of the editor of "Business Daily", approached Wang Yunsong, who was very familiar with the French Consulate, and entrusted him to apply for passports for Nie Rongzhen and others. Wang Yunsong naturally agreed enthusiastically, and finally Nie Rongzhen and his party successfully left Chaotian on December 19.
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In 1920, Nie Rongzhen took a group photo with some classmates who were studying in France.
In the spring of 1922, Zhu De, who served as the director of the Yunnan Provincial Police, passed through Chongqing to avoid trouble and was preparing to go to Europe to find the Communist Party. That night, the Sichuan Army who had worked with Zhu De After the general Yang Sen hosted a banquet for Zhu De, he decided to give Zhu De 10,000 yuan in travel expenses. However, when the person in charge went to the bank to handle it, the bank was closed. However, the money order had to be remitted that night. In desperation, the person in charge found the then Dazhong Bank. Wang Yunsong, the general manager, quickly got things done immediately; according to a relative of the Wang family, in the early 1920s, when Chen Yi and other students studying in France were forced to return to China, Wang Yunsong heard about it and came up with ideas. A large sum of money was raised and sent to solve their urgent needs...
Xiaoping recognized me as the teacher the most!
In November 1949, the People's Liberation Army approached the southwest with overwhelming force.
Faced with the rapidly changing situation, Wang Yunsong was a little hesitant for a while: Although he had helped Zhu De, Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yi and other Communists, he had also heard people say that Communists were unkind if they disowned their relatives. Moreover, in the past twenty or thirty years, he had not been close to the military and political figures of the Kuomintang. He has close contacts and has served as a consultant to the Kuomintang city government for several terms. He is also a famous big capitalist in Chongqing. Although he has not done anything bad, can the Communist Party, which is currently incompatible with the Kuomintang, let him go?
However, can he run away? Where should I run? If I run to Chengdu, the People's Liberation Army will still chase me. If I run to Taiwan, I will be an octogenarian and the Kuomintang will not care about me. If I run to Hong Kong, I will have no foundation there, so what can I do? What?
During that time, he was really on pins and needles, so he secretly found some relatives and friends who had contact with the Communist Party, including his grandnephew Yang Zhongxiu, who had always been progressive in thinking, and inquired about the Communist Party's policies
Many years later, Yang Zhongxiu. Recalling the scene at that time. That day, after Wang Yunsong talked about his various worries, Yang Zhongxiu, who had been a reporter for many years, comforted him and said: "Uncle, I don't think you need to be so nervous. Since Deng Xiaoping is your student, you can explain your situation to him when the time comes. Well! As far as I know, the Communist Party regards the national capitalists as the object of unity, and it talks about unity with the gentry who have no blood debt..."
Wang Yunsong felt relieved after hearing the comfort from Yang Zhongxiu and others.However, on November 30, the People's Liberation Army was about to enter the city. The Chongqing underground party organized some enlightened gentlemen in the city to go to Haitang Creek on the south bank of to welcome the People's Liberation Army, but Wang Yunsong was not invited (perhaps because he was old and had limited mobility). Wang Yunsong Some doubts arose in my mind.
On December 8, Liu Bocheng, commander of the Second Field Army, and political commissar Deng Xiaoping led their agencies into Chongqing. In those days, Wang Yunsong called Yang Zhongxiu home every day to ask about the Communist Party's policies. When Yang Zhongxiu saw this, he always tried his best to comfort him, and took the appropriate opportunity to report Wang Yunsong's situation to Tian Boping, director of the Personnel Department of the Chongqing Municipal Military Control Commission, and Shao Zinan, deputy director of the Southwest Branch of Xinhua News Agency.
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Deng Xiaoping and Liu Bocheng
One afternoon a few days later, three men in People's Liberation Army uniforms suddenly came to Wang Yunsong's residence on Xiubi Street and asked whether Mr. Wang Yunsong lived here. Wang Yunsong heard it in the house and remembered that reactionaries were being arrested in the city in recent days. He didn't know whether it was bad or good, so he hurriedly asked his eldest son Wang Yuexian to go out and deal with it. When he saw the People's Liberation Army, Wang Yuexian lied that his father was out for something.
As soon as the three people left, Wang Yunsong immediately went out and rushed to Yang Zhongxiu's house. He told what happened just now and said with doubts, "I don't know what they mean when they come to me." Yang Zhongxiu asked, "What's their attitude?" Wang Yunsong said: "I heard from Yue Xian that their attitude was very kind. They said they would come in two days and told me to wait at home." Yang Zhongxiu said firmly: "If they came to arrest people, they would definitely not do this. Attitude. In my opinion, maybe it's a good thing to come to you. Next time they come, you have to receive them personally."
A day later, these people came again and brought a military jeep. When they saw Wang Yunsong, they said that political commissar Deng Xiaoping had specially arranged to invite him. So Wang Yunsong got into the car with an uneasy heart.
Arriving at Deng Xiaoping's residence, Deng Xiaoping held Wang Yunsong's hand and asked questions for a long time. Wang Yunsong's heart suddenly fell to the ground. Deng Xiaoping and his wife invited Wang Yunsong to dinner. They ate big steamed buns from the canteen, but fish was added to the dish.
During the banquet, this pair of teachers and students, who had been separated for nearly 30 years, sat together, chatting and laughing, and each talked about their experiences in the past 30 years. The house in winter is filled with endless warmth.
After dinner, Deng Xiaoping sent a car to take the teacher back home. As soon as he got home, Wang Yunsong's smile widened, as if he was a different person. After telling many relatives and friends about his meeting with Deng Xiaoping, he said with emotion: "Who said the Communist Party is not humane? Only now do I know that the Communist Party is indeed the most humane and never forgets the past, and Deng Xiaoping recognized me as his teacher the most! "
You have trained two deputy prime ministers for our country
From then on, Wang Yunsong was full of confidence in New China and the Communist Party. Due to Deng Xiaoping's concern and personal nomination, Wang Yunsong was elected as a special representative of the First People's Congress of All walks of life in Chongqing in January 1950. Soon he served as a supervisory member of the Southwest Military and Political Commission, and then he was invited to Beijing to attend the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. .
In the vast archives of the Chongqing Municipal Archives, you can find the original record of a speech delivered by Wang Yunsong at the First People’s Congress of Chongqing Municipal People’s Congress:
I came to participate as a 76-year-old man, and I feel that this is something I haven’t seen in more than 70 years. Been there. I remember reading two sentences in a book when I was young: "If there is a way in the world, the common people will not comment on it." ’Chiang Kai-shek’s rule made the people miserable, and it was called the world without justice. Today, Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu reversed the situation and liberated the whole of China. From then on, the world without justice became the world with justice. … I also hope that all representatives will propose proposals related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, submit them to the government one by one, and implement the resolutions of the conference one by one, so that we common people will no longer discuss them.
When attending the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in Beijing, a banquet was held at Huairen Hall that day, and Deng Xiaoping introduced Wang Yunsong to Mao Zedong.
Probably Mao Zedong had heard of him for a long time, and he immediately said with a smile: Mr. Wang has contributed to Chongqing. He founded a water company and a car transportation company. At the banquet, Mao Zedong sat at the first table, and Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yi, Wang Yunsong, etc. were at the second table. This arrangement undoubtedly took into account the interaction between the three people.
During the dinner, Deng Xiaoping said half-jokingly: Mr. Chen, we will divide the work. I will be responsible for the treat, and you will be responsible for sending Mr. Wang back to his residence. Of course Chen Yi agreed wholeheartedly, and as soon as the banquet was over, he took Wang Yunsong back to his residence in his own car.
Wang Yunsong's eldest granddaughter Wang Yuxiu recalled:
After his grandfather returned to Chongqing, he once said that when the CPPCC meeting ended and he took a photo with the central leaders at Huairen Hall, he got the ticket for the photo line and couldn't help but feel excited. This number I happened to be the same age as him, so I guessed that it might be Deng Xiaoping's deliberate arrangement, so I sighed: "Only Xiaoping knows my exact age. The Communist Party is really very meticulous in its work!"
I don't know if this is really what Wang Yunsong guessed, or if it is just a conspiracy. It's a coincidence, but this is enough to show that he has great admiration for the Communist Party.
After holding a series of social positions, Wang Yunsong often participated in social activities. In the spring of 1952, when the Chengdu-Chongqing Railway was about to be completed, Deng Xiaoping specially invited Wang Yunsong to inspect the construction site in a railway work vehicle. Seeing the bustling labor scene on the construction site, Wang Yunsong was overwhelmed with emotion.
Looking back at the things that generations of people in old China failed to accomplish, the Communist Party quickly accomplished them as soon as they came, and I have even more respect for the Communist Party. In an interview with
, Chen Lianhe, a 70-year-old retired cadre from the Chongqing Museum of Literature and History, told the author about such an incident, which once moved Wang Yunsong. At that time, after Yang Songqing, who had served as the Minister of Enemy Industry in the Second Field, became the Minister of United Front Work of the Chongqing Municipal Party Committee, he learned about the history of Wang Yunsong and Deng Xiaoping, and paid more attention to caring for this old man who had helped the Communist Party in many aspects. He often took the initiative to visit Wang Yunsong and ask for help. Ask for opinions and discuss relevant matters.
One evening, Yang Songqing took Chen Lianhe, a staff member of the United Front Work Department, to Wang Yunsong's house. When passing by the auction house in Qunlin Market, he happened to see a family member of Wang Yunsong selling several fans that he had quietly taken out from home. , only one yuan a handful. Yang Songqing knew that this was something Mr. Wang cherished very much, so he immediately spent his own money to buy two of them. When they arrived at Wang's house, Yang Songqing said: "Mr. Wang, your family took out a valuable fan of yours to sell at a low price, and we happened to encounter it. Look, I will buy you two." Wang Yunsong took it. Fan, with his face full of gratitude, he said repeatedly: "Look, you are still a supply system, how can I be embarrassed to let you spend money?" Although this is a small thing, Wang Yunsong saw from it that the Communist Party is united and those who care about democracy are Sincerely.
In view of a series of feelings over the past few years, Wang Yunsong was determined to show some sympathy to the Communist Party. Wang Yunsong lives a frugal life, but loves to collect antiques, calligraphy and paintings. As long as he likes them, he will always spend a lot of money to buy them, even if his family's life is very tight during this period. Over time, the rows of cabinets in his dedicated study room were filled with antiques, calligraphy, paintings, and fans that he collected from everywhere. On November 23, 1953, Wang Yunsong wrote to the Chongqing Municipal Government , preparing to give away a treasure he had treasured for many years - the Oriental Red Sky Ball Zun (originally known as "Beauty Qi") produced in Gu Yuexuan of the Qianlong Imperial Kiln in the Qing Dynasty. "Gem bottle) was donated to the Party Central Committee as a New Year's Day gift in 1954, and it was hoped that the municipal government would forward it on its behalf. The celestial ball statue is shaped like a vase, with a long neck and a large belly. It has a double-layer structure, with a total height of 36.1 cm, a neck length of 21.5 cm, and an abdominal circumference of 55.5 cm. It embodies the high wisdom and hard work of the skilled craftsmen of the Qing Dynasty kiln, and is of great value.
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Mr. Wang Yunsong’s donation of the Celestial Sphere
could not live up to his kindness. On November 27 of that year, the Chongqing Municipal Government sent a letter to the General Office of the Central People’s Government, requesting “whether it is immediately necessary (to submit the Celestial Sphere) to the central government.” According to the memories of relevant comrades: At that time, after receiving the letter, the relevant departments of the central government were a little embarrassed at first, because according to the rules of our party, gifts to the central government were not allowed. But when Deng Xiaoping learned about this, he immediately told the relevant comrades: You cannot accept gifts from others. Mr. Wang's gift must be accepted no matter what. You must understand Wang Yunsong and don't break his heart.
The General Office of the Central Committee immediately forwarded the letter to the Ministry of Culture for processing.After some research, the Social and Cultural Affairs Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Culture sent a letter to the Chongqing Municipal Government on December 24: "The bottle may have been damaged while being sent to Beijing. You can ask the Southwest Museum to identify it and your government will receive it on your behalf. We hope that a photo will be taken of it." The photos were sent to our bureau together with the appraisal opinions. "
Soon after, Southwest Museum sent antique expert Pan Biqiong to appraise it and wrote the appraisal conclusion: "This type of material is very rare in the southwest, and our museum does not have it. Collect." After completing these tasks, the Chongqing Municipal Government will send the identification results, photos and sketches to the Central Ministry of Culture.
In June 1954, amid the upsurge of condolences to the People's Liberation Army, the Third General Branch of the National People's Liberation Army Delegation (the first branch of which was composed of 41 representatives from all walks of life in Chongqing, including Mayor Cao Diqiu of Chongqing) came with the Heavenly Ball Zun. Beijing dedicated this precious gift to Mao Zedong, Zhu De and the People's Liberation Army under their leadership.
In January 1957, after visiting six Asian countries, Premier Zhou Enlai and Vice Premier He Long took a flight from Kunming to Chongqing. On the evening of February 10, Zhou Enlai and others came to the study room on the second floor of the Municipal Federation of Industry and Commerce to meet with representatives from the business community. When he was introduced to Wang Yunsong and learned that he had held the title of magistrate in the Qing Dynasty, Zhou Enlai asked him with a smile: "Are you a candidate or a full professor?" Wang Yunsong replied: "A real professor in Wuchang Prefecture, Jilin." Zhou Enlai praised:
Wang Lao Sir, you are really good. You have trained two vice prime ministers for our country (note: referring to Deng Xiaoping and Nie Rongzhen)!
In 1952, when preparing to establish the Chongqing Research Institute of Literature and History, Deng Xiaoping nominated Wang Yunsong to serve as the deputy director of the museum (there is no director yet). On June 1, 1953, the Chongqing Research Institute of Literature and History was officially established. Soon after Wang Yunsong took office, he began to work diligently. Many of the cultural and historical librarians are former Qing Dynasty officials and scholars. They have witnessed the changes of the century and are familiar with history. Wang Yunsong organized them and began to compile Chongqing Municipal Chronicles. Although he is 80 years old, he personally presided over the revision of the manuscript word for word for each discussion draft. After the final draft, he organized old gentlemen to copy it word by word with a brush. When the two "Chronicles of Chongqing" were copied, one was kept in the library and the other was sent to the Municipal Party Committee General Office for archiving. Then, at the invitation of Ren Baige, Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, he organized old gentlemen to sort out traditional Sichuan Opera lyrics and contributed to the reform of Sichuan Opera.
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Portrait of Wang Yunsong
At the end of 1957, Wang Yunsong was diagnosed with gastric cancer. On February 8, 1958, Wang Yunsong passed away at the age of 84. The United Front Work Department of the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China held a grand memorial service for him. Deng Ken, Deng Xiaoping's younger brother and then deputy mayor of Chongqing, hosted and delivered a eulogy. According to his descendants, after Mr. Yunsong fell ill, Deng Xiaoping called him to ask him to go to Beijing for treatment. After his death, Deng Xiaoping also called to express his condolences.
Shortly after Wang Yunsong's death, his relatives He Peihua and Wang Pingshu sorted out 377 antique calligraphy and paintings that had been preserved for many years and handed them over to the state, which was taken over by the Chongqing Municipal Cultural Bureau. The author got a transcribed handover list: "1 Tang Qiong Kiln dish; 1 Song Sichuan Dong Kiln incense burner (with gold); 1 Shu Kiln vase; 1 Kangxi imperial letter; 1 Qianlong Kesi nave; Kang Youwei 1 banner; 1 Zhang Daqian landscape painting..." The value of these treasures is simply inestimable. Wang Yunsong's infatuation with the country is evident here.
(Source: Literature and History Expo)
