4,000 years ago in Egypt, 60 warriors were mysteriously executed on a cliff near Luxor. They were made into mummies, then thrown off the cliff and sealed in a secret room. Now, archaeologists have found these mummies and revealed a dark history of ancient Egypt.
In 1923, archaeologists discovered a mysterious mass grave of warriors near the Mausoleum of Hatshepsut (Deir el Bahari) in Egypt, and then sealed it temporarily. Recently, after analyzing evidence from tombs and other sites here, archaeologists have pieced together a bloody story of civil strife that occurred when Egypt's ancient kingdom fell in 2150 B.C.
4200 years ago, serious civil strife broke out in the Ancient Kingdom of Egypt. Regional governors attacked each other. One of the small conflicts in Thebes resulted in 60 warriors being killed. Their bodies were mummified and then sealed. There is a secret room.
Archaeologist Salima Ikram found the entrance to the mass burial chamber. Through a winding 60-meter tunnel, he discovered a room filled with mummy fragments and piles of bandages. Bandages had been wrapped around the mummy but had been removed.
These mummies are almost always male, and many of the corpses show signs of severe trauma. Skulls were broken or pierced, possibly by slashing or projectile weapons, and many of the bodies had impaled arrowheads, suggesting they were soldiers who had died in battle. According to Ikram, one of the mummies even had protective gloves on his arms, symbolizing that he was an expert archer in life.
"These people died in horrific and bloody executions," Ikram said. Evidence from elsewhere in Egypt suggests that the 60 fighters died during a period of extreme social unrest. Philippe Collombert, an Egyptologist at the University of Geneva in Switzerland, said some clues to uncovering the mass burials were in the tomb of Pharaoh Pepi II.
Pepi II's tomb in Egypt Saqqara is gorgeous and spectacular. It was built when he was young, which shows that the kingdom was safe at that time and there was no sign of social collapse. However, Pepi II's tomb was looted shortly after his burial. If the Egyptians began to reject the pharaoh's divine identity and the royal court no longer had control over the country, the pharaoh's tombs would be desecrated and eventually looted.
As the Pharaoh's influence gradually faded, some governors became more and more powerful, and their tombs became larger and larger, even more luxurious than the Pharaoh's tomb. Archaeologists have found a large number of texts describing social chaos, civil war and overall loss of control from the tombs of local chiefs excavated.
In addition, Egypt coincided with a drought at the time, and famine caused by natural disasters accelerated the collapse of society. One governor's epitaph read: "The nation is dying of hunger, each one eating his own children." and "The whole nation has become like hungry locusts."
Archaeologists speculate that the 60 warriors were involved in a power struggle and ultimately failed miserably. Perhaps because they were of higher origin, they were still mummified decently after being executed by the enemy. But after all, they were losers, and in the end they were randomly thrown into a tomb, forming a tomb filled with a weird atmosphere.
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