✎This "fetus" is not that "fetus".
When I went to the hospital to get experimental slices at noon yesterday, I heard a few aunties whispering in the corridor of the inpatient department. I couldn't control my gossip and listened closely. The general meaning was that a ten-year-old girl was pregnant. Yes, I just had an operation two days ago to remove the child. People in the different wards couldn't hold back their curiosity and gathered to chat.
Hearing this, I couldn’t believe it. I can get pregnant at the age of 10 (⊙▽⊙). For me, who has studied medicine for so many years, it is really unbelievable. I didn't care about getting any tissue slices, so I rushed to my best friend's office, ready to learn the truth.
As soon as I arrived at the door of the office, I heard my family members talking to my best friend. I probably figured out the truth of the matter. It turned out that the girl had " teratoma ", which was rumored to be pregnancy by people who didn't know the truth. , It really ruins the reputation of this little girl! ! It is precisely because there are too many such aunts and uncles in China that the truth is always exaggerated to the point of confusing black and white. So today, I want to popularize the knowledge of "teratoma" with everyone.
Teratoma. When hearing this name, it is easy for people to misunderstand. When hearing the word "fetus", it reminds people of pregnancy, which makes many innocent girls suffer injustice, just like the 10-year-old girl mentioned above. . The so-called teratoma is the patient's own sibling , which makes it even more legendary. However, in fact, the truth about teratoma is : tumor!
Teratoma is a disease that has troubled scientists for a century. As early as the 17th century, people regarded teratomas as monsters, because teratomas contained hair, bones, nerves, and other tissues, and they not only appeared on women, but also grew on men. Many scientists believe that teratoma is an undeveloped twin that is absorbed into the surviving fetus and develops. In 2009, a British man, Gavin Hyatt, was "pregnant" with "unformed twins". At that time, his abdomen ruptured and the twins slipped out. Hyatt named them "Little Gavin" arts".
With the development of modern medicine, people's understanding of teratoma has gradually matured. Modern medicine believes that teratoma is a type of ovarian germ cell tumor. It is not a pregnancy of a woman, but a tumor growing in ovarian tissue caused by abnormal proliferation of ovarian germ cells.
Teratomas are divided into benign and malignant. Benign teratomas contain many components, including skin, bones, hair, teeth, tissue structure, etc. Malignant teratomas generally have incomplete differentiation, do not. Or there is little formed organization, and the structure of is unclear. Most early-stage teratomas have no obvious clinical symptoms, and many people are discovered accidentally during physical examination.
Teratoma has two major characteristics: first, is commonly bilateral; ; second, is easy to relapse. Teratoma is the most common ovarian teratoma. There is also data showing that teratoma can also be found in other parts of the body, such as sacrococcygeal region, head, throat etc.
At present, there is no complete conclusion on the cause of teratoma. Some people think that teratoma is the tissue left over when the embryo is formed in the mother's body. Under normal circumstances, it should be a pair of twins. If one of them fails to develop into an adult, it will parasitize the other, forming what is called a teratoma.
In fact, this statement has no scientific basis for . teratoma is not brought about in the mother's womb. It has nothing to do with pregnancy. It is a tumor that may break out at any time. During the growth and development of the
embryo, there is a type of pluripotent cells. Under normal circumstances, the pluripotent cells will develop and differentiate into mature cells of each germ layer . If at different stages of the embryo, the pluripotent cells are separated or shed as a whole, resulting in abnormal differentiation of cells into , causing embryo abnormalities.If this separation or shedding occurs in the early embryonic stage, will form a teratoma, which is a common fetal malformation; if occurs in the late embryonic stage, will form teratoma.
Germ cells are divided into ectoderm , mesoderm and endoderm. The cells in all germ layers eventually develop into various tissues and organs of the body. Therefore, teratomas will contain ectodermal tissues such as hair, skin, and teeth, and may also contain mesodermal and endodermal tissues, such as muscle, gastrointestinal, and thyroid tissues. The age of onset of teratoma ranges from newborns to old women in their eighties or nineties. The most common ovarian teratoma usually occurs in women of childbearing age in their twenties and thirties.
❶Intracranial teratoma
Intracranial teratoma is usually located in the midline of the skull and generally has no obvious signs of brain localization. Most patients have increased intracranial pressure as the first symptom, with the main symptoms being headache, nausea, and vomiting. Ophthalmological examination showed bilateral papilledema. The symptoms of teratoma reflex in each cranial area on the human body are different. If the teratoma grows in the pineal gland area, there will be inability to look up, ataxia, cranial nerve paralysis , etc.; if the teratoma grows in the pineal gland area, If the teratoma grows in the sellar area, it will cause diabetes insipidus, lethargy, metabolic disorders, etc.; if the teratoma grows in the posterior fossa, it will cause cerebellar function damage and neck stiffness.
❷Gastric teratoma
teratoma will also grow in the stomach, and mainly manifests as abdominal mass, will cause abdominal distension, vomiting, vomiting of blood, and other symptoms.
❸ Testicular teratoma
As mentioned earlier, teratoma not only occurs in women, but men are also concerned. The common site is testicles. The highest incidence of testicular teratoma in children is between 81 and 2 years old, and the highest incidence of testicular teratoma in adults is between 825 and 35 years old. The vast majority of patients present with painless testicular masses.
❹ Ovarian teratoma
Ovarian teratoma is the most common teratoma with the highest incidence rate. The main manifestation is pelvic mass . Most patients are discovered accidentally, and 10% of patients will suffer from acute abdominal symptoms such as tumor rupture, torsion or bleeding.
❺Sacrococcygeal teratoma
Sacrococcygeal teratoma is special and has a certain impact on the patient's daily life. Most patients have difficulty urinating and defecating. Sometimes the buttocks can be swollen, and there may be a mass in the sacrococcygeal area, which affects sitting upright. Buttocks often appear asymmetrical. Sometimes tumors bulge from the perineum. If it is a malignant teratoma, it will grow rapidly and may cause progressive constipation and difficulty urinating.
Once a teratoma is diagnosed, it is generally recommended to seek early surgical resection to avoid malignant transformation of benign teratomas due to delayed surgery, and to prevent complications such as infection, rupture, and bleeding.
Teratoma surgery generally involves tumor resection. If it is an ovarian and testicular tumor , one ovary or testicle is removed. If it is a teratoma in the sacrococcygeal area, clinical emphasis is placed on removing the coccyx together. To prevent the remaining pluripotent cells from abnormally differentiating into again and causing tumor recurrence.
Many friends will worry about whether teratoma will affect future pregnancy. Generally, normal pregnancy can be achieved after teratoma surgery, especially after ovarian teratoma surgery. However, I would like to remind all female friends to strive for it. Get pregnant as early as possible and have children at the optimal age.
wangniu
Although the cause of teratoma is unknown at this stage, we must develop good living habits in life, quit smoking and limit alcohol; strengthen our physical fitness, exercise more in the sun, and a good physical foundation will definitely not go wrong .
