1, the prefect. In the Warring States period, he was called the county governor, and in the Han Dynasty, he was changed to the prefect, who was the highest administrative officer of a county. Qin is divided into thirty-six counties, which are larger than counties. Equivalent to the current mayor of a provincial city.
2, governor. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided the country into thirteen states, and the governor was in charge of military and political power in one state. Equivalent to provincial (city) mayor and provincial (municipal) military (sub) district commander.
3, Jing Zhaoyin. The local chief executive of Gyeonggi Province in the Western Han Dynasty. Equivalent to the mayor of Beijing.
4, Taiwei. From the Qin Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, it was established as the military and political leader of the country. Equivalent to the Secretary of Defense.
5, Yueqi Xiaowei. It was established during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and served as the commander of the imperial army. Equivalent to the garrison commander.
6, Tingwei. The minister in charge of law and presiding over important cases. Equivalent to the President of the Supreme Court.
7, Official Secretary. In charge of the evaluation, rewards and punishments of civil and military officials across the country. Equivalent to the Minister of Personnel.
8, Dr. Guanglu. An advisor to the emperor. Equivalent to a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Advisory Committee.
9, Zhongshu Ling. In charge of issuing orders from the emperor. Equivalent to the Secretary-General of the "Two Offices".
10, Shangshu Ling. Participate in major political affairs, manage government affairs, and be the leader of hundreds of officials. Quite an executive director.
11, the riding general. Respected status, many important ministers. It is equivalent to a marshal's army.
12, marching manager. The general who leads the army on an expedition. Equivalent to the commander-in-chief of the frontier.
13, Metropolitan Procuratorate Censor. The highest supervisory authority in ancient times. Equivalent to the Minister of Supervision.
14, prefect. The local chief executive is in charge of state and county affairs. Equivalent to the provincial governor (or provincial mayor).
15, Zhizhou. District Chief Executive. Equivalent to the mayor of a provincial city.
16, magistrate. District Chief Executive. Equivalent to the county magistrate.
17, Tong San. Deputy position of the government. Equivalent to the deputy governor (or deputy mayor of a provincial city).
18, command of troops and horses. Chief officer of the Military and Horse Department in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Equivalent to the director of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau.
19, recommendation officer. Palm punishment name, praise Ji Dian. Equivalent to the Director of the Policy Division of the Supreme Court.
20, everything. Palm cashier text transfer. Directors of internal agencies of the Ministry of National Defense, the Ministry of Supervision, and other ministries.
21, give it a try. The emperor banned sending officials with high salaries. Equivalent to the life or political secretary of the head of state.
22, experience. The chief officer of the agency affiliated to the ministry. Equivalent to the head of the secondary agency of the ministry.
23, pedestrian. For sending out envoys. Equivalent to staff of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
24, Dianbao. Xie Si Baozhang Jade Seal. Equivalent to the deputy division level cadre responsible for seals in the two offices.
25, county magistrate. Assist the county magistrate in governing a county. Equivalent to deputy county magistrate.
26, main thin. Controls money, food, and household registration. Equivalent to the food director or the household registration director.
27, proofreading. Acting official position. Secretary level.
28, professor. The head of the government instructs and assesses students. Equivalent to the provincial education director.
Common official title names in ancient times
[Emperor] This is one of the most commonly used nouns. How many TV series depicting emperors have been broadcast in the past two years! Since King Qin Yingzheng unified the six kingdoms, Wang Wan, Li Si, etc. were named Emperor Qin based on the names of the legendary three emperors. Ying Zheng decided to take the imperial title and call him Emperor, which means that his merits can be compared with those of the "Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors". From then on, all feudal monarchs of all dynasties were called emperors, commonly known as emperors.
[Tai Shang Huang] Qin Shihuang honored his father King Zhuang Xiang as Tai Shang Huang; Han Gaozu Liu Bang honored his father Tai Gong as Tai Gong, also known as "Shang Huang". Emperors of all dynasties were crown princes before they died, and they called themselves the Supreme Emperor.
[Prince-in-law] The Prince-in-law was originally an official position. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up the Prince-in-law Duwei, which means the horse in charge of the chariot. It was originally a kind of close attendant, and was mostly filled by the descendants of the clan, relatives, and princesses. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the emperor's son-in-law was routinely given this title, referred to as Prince Consort, but it was not an actual official position. In the Qing Dynasty, it was called "Efu".
[Title] refers to a title or a title, which is a bestowal given by ancient emperors to nobles and heroes. It is said that in the Zhou Dynasty, there were five kinds of titles: duke, marquis, uncle, son, and male. The title and title system of later generations often changed with time.For example, in the early Han Dynasty, Liu Bang not only made the prince king, but also made seven heroes kings, Peng Yue was the King of Liang, Ying Bu was the King of Huainan, etc.; Wei Cao Zhi was once named the King of Chen; in the Tang Guo Ziyi was named the King of Chen. The king of Fenyang County; Nurhachi, Taizu of the Qing Dynasty, named his son Azige as Prince of Ying, Duduo as Prince of Yu, and Hauge as Prince of Su. Another example is that in the Song Dynasty, Kou Zhun was granted the title of Duke of Lai, Wang Anshi was granted the title of Duke of Jing, Sima Guang was granted the title of Duke of Wen; in the Ming Dynasty, Li Shanchang was granted the title of Duke of Korea, Li Wenzhong was granted the title of Cao Guogong, Liu Ji was granted the title of Chengyi Bo, Wang Yangming was granted the title of Xinjing Bo; in the Qing Dynasty, Zeng Guofan was granted the title of Bo. The first-class Marquis of Yiyong, Zuo Zongtang was granted the title of the second-class Marquis of Kejing, and Li Hongzhang was granted the title of the first-class Su Yibo.
[Prime Minister] In the feudal era, the person responsible for the monarch was called the Prime Minister, and his position was roughly equivalent to today's "Prime Minister" or "Prime Minister". Zai means to preside over, and Xiang means to assist. Each dynasty had its own formal official title, with different powers and powers. In the feudal era, people often used the saying "below one person and above ten thousand people" to describe the status of the prime minister. However, generally speaking, due to the increasing centralization of monarchy, the power of the prime minister was also reduced. The most typical example of this was the Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, in order to prevent powerful ministers from usurping the throne, the prime minister was abolished and the cabinet bachelor was appointed to assist the emperor in handling government affairs. Later, the bachelor became the de facto prime minister.
[Prime Minister] is the highest official position in the feudal bureaucracy. He is the person who upholds the monarch's will and manages the national government affairs. Sometimes it is called the prime minister, often referred to as the prime minister, or "prime minister" for short. For example, "Chen She's Family": "Do princes and generals have the right to live in peace?" "Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "A mediocre person is ashamed of himself, how much more so than a general!" "Xiang of Shu": "Where can I find the ancestral hall of the Prime Minister? "There is a lot of people outside Jinguan City." "Post-Preface": "In addition to the right prime minister and Privy Envoy , I will be the commander-in-chief of the army and horses."
[Bachelor] In ancient times, bachelor's degree did not refer to a degree but an official name. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, literary scholars were recruited to be in charge of ceremonies, compilation, writing and other affairs. They were generally called bachelors. Different agencies have different responsibilities and powers. There are those who are in charge of writing, such as the bachelors of the Wenlin Academy in the Northern Qi Dynasty and the bachelors of the Jixian Academy in the Tang Dynasty; there are those who specialize in giving lectures and readings to the emperor, and there are also those who draft memorials and participate in secrets. The bachelors and bachelors of Guanwen Hall, Zizheng Hall, and Duanming Hall in the Song Dynasty were specially set up for those ministers or literary scholars who needed courtesy. In charge of the powers of the prime minister, this is the highest-status "bachelor" in history.
[Doctor] Doctor is also an official name. During the Six Kingdoms period, there were doctors in various fields such as poetry, poetry, Shu, and Fang skills. Both the Qin and Han dynasties followed this official position. In the Western Han Dynasty, he belonged to Taichang and was called Dr. Taichang. In the fifth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there was a Dr. of Five Classics. In the Jin Dynasty, there was a Dr. of Guozi. In the Tang Dynasty, there were doctors of Taixue and Guozi, as well as doctors of law and arithmetic, all of whom were professors. , different from Dr. Taichang, who is responsible for etiquette. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were Dr. Guozi and Dr. Taichang. Doctors of the Five Classics were the hereditary officials of Confucius, Mencius and Confucianism. There were many famous writers and scholars among the doctors. For example, Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty was a genuine Guozi doctor. Dr. Zi.
[Imperial Physician] There is a physician in the Zhou government who is in charge of medical affairs. In the Qin and Han dynasties, there were imperial doctors and ministers. In the early Han Dynasty, it belonged to Taichang Temple , and later it belonged to Shaofu. It was established during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the Sui Dynasty, the Imperial Medical Office was established, in the Song Dynasty it was renamed the Imperial Medical Bureau, and in the Yuan Dynasty it was renamed the Imperial Hospital. It remained unchanged during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and its responsibilities did not change significantly. Later generations generally referred to the emperor's doctor as an imperial physician or imperial physician, but his duties as "Minister of Health" were forgotten.
[ Taishi ] refers to two kinds of official positions. One is that in ancient times, Taishi, Taifu, and Taibao were called the "Three Dukes". Later, they were mostly given titles to senior officials to express favor but no actual duties, such as Zhao Pu in the Song Dynasty , Wen Yanbo and others were awarded the title of Taishi. Secondly, in ancient times, they were also called the "Three Masters of the East Palace": the Prince's Grand Master, the Prince's Grand Tutor, and the Prince's Taibao. They were all teachers of the Prince. Taishi was the abbreviation of the Prince's Grand Master, and later it gradually became a virtual title. For example, in "The Story of Meihua Ridge" "Yan Taishi used troops to relieve the enemy", Yan Zhenqing was once given the title of Prince Taishi, so it was called. Another example is that in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Juzheng had eight false titles, and was finally given the title of Prince and Grand Master; in the Qing Dynasty, Hong Chengchou was also given the title of Prince and Grand Master, but he actually did not teach the prince.
[Tai Tu] See the "Tai Tu" section.One of the "Three Lords" in ancient times. It also refers to one of the "Three Masters of the East Palace", such as Jia Yi who served as the teacher of the princes Changsha King and Liang Huai King successively, so he was named Taifu. Later, they gradually became empty titles, such as Zeng Guofan, Zeng Guoquan, Zuo Zongtang, and Li Hongzhang were all forced to give them to Taifu after their death.
[ Shaobao ] refers to two kinds of official positions. One is that in ancient times, Shaoshi, Shaofu and Shaobao were called the "three orphans". Later, they gradually became empty titles. For example, in "Meihua Ridge", "Wen Shaobao also came to enlightenment". "Great Light, Dharma Cicada Escapes", Wen Tianxiang once served as a Shaobao official, so he called it. Secondly, in ancient times, the prince's young master, the prince's young master, and the prince's young master were called the "three young masters of the East Palace", and later they gradually became empty titles.
[Shang Shu] was originally an official in charge of documents and memorials. There were no six ministries in the Sui Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the six ministries were identified as officials, households, rituals, soldiers, punishments, and workers. Each ministry had Shangshu and Shilang as chief and deputy officials. For example, "The Biography of Zhang Heng": "Submit a letter to beg for the bones, and seek worship from the minister." Another example is the great calligrapher Yan Zhenqing who once served as the minister of the Ministry of official affairs, the poet Bai Juyi who once served as the minister of the Ministry of punishment, and Shi Kefa who once served as the minister of the Ministry of war.
【Shangqing】In the official system of the Zhou Dynasty, the emperor and the princes all had ministers, who were divided into three levels: upper, middle and lower. The most noble one was called "Shangqing". For example, "The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "Lian Po was a general of Zhao... and was worshiped as a minister."
[General] was the highest title for a general in the pre-Qin and Western Han Dynasties. For example, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty regarded Han Xin as his general, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty regarded Wei Qing as his general. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the title gradually became empty and had no actual duties. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the post of general officer was established only during wars and was abolished after the war. "The Biography of Zhang Heng" "The general Deng Zhi has extraordinary talents". Deng Zhi was the general of Emperor He of the Han Dynasty at that time.
[Participating in political affairs] is also referred to as "participating in political affairs". He was one of the highest administrative officials in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Together with Tongping Zhangshi, Privy Envoy, and Deputy Envoy Jiami, he was collectively known as "Zai Zhi". In the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, and Wang Anshi all held this position. "Xun Jian Shi Kang" "Participated in politics and served as an admonishment official", "Lu Gong" refers to Lu Zongdao during the reign of Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty. "Tan Sitong" "Those who participated in the New Deal were just like those in the Tang and Song Dynasties who participated in political affairs and fulfilled the duties of prime minister."
[Minister of Military Aircraft] The Military Aircraft Department was a government agency that assisted the emperor in the Qing Dynasty. There is no fixed number of vacancies, and they are generally held by princes, bachelors, ministers, ministers, or ministers of the capital, who are called military ministers. There are as few as three or four military ministers and as many as six or seven, and they are called "pivotal ministers". At the end of the Qing Dynasty, only Zuo Zongtang, Zhang Zhidong, Yuan Shikai and others served as military ministers for a short period of time among the Han people. "Tan Sitong": "At that time, the military minister resolutely oversaw the execution."
[Military Aircraft Zhang Jing] See the article "Military Aircraft Minister". He is a staff member of the Military Aircraft Department and an official subordinate to the Minister of Military Aircraft. He is called a "little military aircraft". "Tan Sitong": "The emperor promoted Si Jingqing to the rank of military officer Zhang Jing, and participated in the New Deal together with Yang Rui, Lin Xu, and Liu Guangdi."
[Censor] was originally a historian, such as "The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" and "Censor of Qin" "The first book says", "Xiangru Gu Zhao Zhao Yu Shishu says". After the Qin Dynasty, the imperial censor was appointed. His position was second only to the prime minister, and he was responsible for impeachment and inspecting officials' faults. Han Yu once served as the censor of supervision, and in the Ming Dynasty Hai Rui served as the censor of Nanjing Youqiandu. Another example is "Record of Wang Zhongsu Gong Ao's Affairs", "The Duke was the censor of the capital and guarded Liaoning with a certain eunuch." Wang Ao was the chief procurator of the capital at that time.
【Privy Councilor】The chief of the Privy Council. In the Tang Dynasty, the position was held by eunuchs, but after the Song Dynasty, it was changed to ministers. The Privy Council is one of the highest state institutions that manages important military affairs. The power of the Privy Council is equivalent to that of the prime minister. In the Qing Dynasty, military ministers were often honored as "Privy Council". Ouyang Xiu in Song Dynasty served as deputy envoy to the Privy Council. "Guide Record" Afterword: "In addition to the right Prime Minister and Privy Envoy, I will supervise all the troops and horses." Wen Tianxiang was in charge of important military affairs at that time.
[Zuo Tu] The official name of Chu State during the Warring States Period, which is equivalent to the left and right relics of later generations. The main responsibility is to admonish the emperor and recommend talents. " Biography of Qu Yuan ": "Qu Yuan's name was Ping, the same surname as Chu. He was the left disciple of King Huai of Chu."
[Taiwei] An official title before the Yuan Dynasty. He was the highest military officer assisting the emperor and was called Da Sima in the Han Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, he was designated as the highest military attache. "Lin Jiaotou Fengxueshan Temple": "I hated Taiwei Gao, caused trouble and framed me, and suffered a lawsuit." Taiwei Gao refers to Gao Qiu.
[Shangdafu] A pre-Qin official name, one rank lower than Qing."The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru ": "I worship Xiangru as the superior official." At that time, Lin Xiangru had a lower official position than Shangqing Lian Po.
[Dafu] refers to different contents in different dynasties. Sometimes it can refer to important positions in central agencies, such as Yushi Dafu, Admonishment Dafu, etc. "The Biography of Qu Yuan": "Shangguan officials are in the same category as him. They compete for favors but are determined to harm their abilities." "Shangguan officials" are generally believed to refer to Shangguan Jinshang. "Zi Fei Sanlu Dafu?" Qu Yuan served as the chief executive in charge of the affairs of the royal family with three surnames: Zhao, Qu and Jing. "The Preface to the Guide": "Jin gentry, officials, and scholars gathered in the Prime Minister Zuo's Mansion." This refers to the imperial censors, admonishment officials, etc.
[Scholar-bureaucrat] In the old days, it referred to officials or intellectuals with more prestige and status. "Shi Shuo": "In the clan of scholar-bureaucrats, when someone calls him a disciple, he or she will gather together and laugh." "Shi Zhongshan Ji": "The scholar-bureaucrats will never use their boats to anchor under the cliff at night, so they can't know." "Xun" "Jian Shikang": "Every family of scholar-officials was like this at that time." "Tombstone Records of Five People": "The wise scholars and officials in the county were invited to be in power."
[Tai Shi] During the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, he was a high-status court minister, responsible for drafting documents, In charge of instructing princes, ministers and officials, recording historical events, and managing classics, calendars, sacrifices, etc. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, Taishi Ling was established, and the scope of his duties gradually became smaller and his status gradually declined. Sima Qian served as the Taishi Ling. "The Biography of Zhang Heng": "At the beginning of Emperor Shun's reign, he was transferred again and became the Taishi Order again." "The Tombstones of Five People": "As wise scholars and officials, I asked you why Wu Gong, Taishi Wenqi Wen Gong, Meng Chang Yao Gong also "Wen Qi was compiled by the Hanlin Academy and was a historian, so he was called Taishi.
[ Changshi ] During the Qin Dynasty, he was an official affiliated with the Prime Minister. For example, Li Si served as Changshi, which was equivalent to the Secretary-General of the Prime Minister. After the Han Dynasty, he became an officer affiliated with the general and the chief of staff. "Chu Shi Biao": "Shi Zhong, Shangshu, Chang Shi, and Join the Army, these are the ministers of Zhenliang's death festival." "Chang Shi" refers to Zhang Yi. "Battle of Chibi": "Ziyu, Liang's brother Jinye, avoided the chaos in Jiangdong and became Sun Quan's long history."
[Servant] was initially a close servant of the palace. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, he became a subordinate official of Shangshu. In the Tang Dynasty, the Vice Minister was the deputy position of the ministers (Shang Shu) of the three provinces (Zhongshu, Menxia, and Shangshu) (see the article "Three Provinces and Six Ministries" for details). Han Yu once served as the minister of the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of War, and the Ministry of Personnel. "Shi Shi Biao" "Shizhong, Shilang Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, etc." Among them, Dong Yun is the minister. "Tan Sitong": "On the first day of the eighth month, Yuan Shikai was summoned and the minister was specially rewarded." Yuan Shikai was the minister of the Ministry of War.
[Servant] was originally one of the additional officials in addition to the regular official position. As he served the emperor, his status gradually increased and his rank surpassed that of a minister. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, he often became the de facto prime minister. Guo Youzhi and Fei Yi mentioned in "Chu Shi Biao" are the servants.
[Langzhong] was a palace guard during the Warring States Period. From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, he became a senior official below the minister and minister, and was responsible for the affairs of various departments. For example, in "Jing Ke's Assassination of the King of Qin": "All the men holding the troops are Your Highness Chen." This refers to the palace guards. "The Biography of Zhang Heng" "The characteristic of public cars is to worship the doctor". "Langzhong" is the official name for managing the chariot and riding family.
[Joining the Army] The abbreviation of "Joining the Military Affairs" was originally the military staff of the Prime Minister, as mentioned in "Commanding the Army" Jiang Wan. After the Jin Dynasty, his status gradually declined and he became the staff of kings and generals. For example, Tao Yuanming served as a soldier in the army, and Fan Ye, the author of "Book of the Later Han", Fan Ye, served as a soldier of Liu Yu's fourth son Liu Yikang. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, they gradually became local officials. For example, Du Fu served as the right guard and led the governor to join the army, and the Huazhou Sigong Cao joined the army. Bai Juyi once served as the governor of Jingzhao and joined the army.
[Ling Yin] During the Warring States Period, the chief of the Chu State in charge of military and political power was equivalent to the prime minister. For example, "The Biography of Qu Yuan" said: "Ling Yin Zilan was furious when he heard about it." In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it referred to the county magistrate, such as "Promoting Zhi": "Heaven will general Those who are well rewarded will be entrusted with the favor of Fuchen and Ling Yin. "
[Yin] See the article "Ling Yin". During the Warring States Period, the assistants of the Chu State Ling Yin were Zuo Yin and You Yin. For example, in "Hongmen Banquet", "Chu Zuo Yin Xiang Bo", Zuo Yin's status was slightly higher than that of You Yin. It is also a general name for ancient officials, such as Jingzhao Yin, Henan Yin, Zhou Yin, County Yin, etc. ?;
[Captain] A military attache whose position is second to that of a general. "Chen She's Family": "Chen She established himself as a general and Wu Guang became a captain."Hongmen Banquet": "Pei Gong has come out, and King Xiang sent the captain Chen Ping to summon Pei Gong. "
【Sima" refers to different official positions in different dynasties. During the Warring States Period, he was the adjutant in charge of military affairs and military awards. For example, "Hongmen Banquet": "Sima Cao, the left Sima of Pei Gong, has no regrets." "In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, he was an official subordinate to the governor (provincial governor) of the prefecture and county. For example, "Pipa Xing" says: "In the tenth year of Yuanhe, he moved to the left to Jiujiang County Sima. "Bai Juyi was demoted to Jiujiang at that time, and was under the jurisdiction of the prefectures and counties.
[Jiedushi] was the general manager in charge of military and political affairs of several states in the Tang Dynasty. Originally it was only located in the border states; later it was also established in the interior, This resulted in a separatist situation, so it was called a "vassal town" in the world. Chapter 4 of "Dream of Red Mansions": "Yucun quickly repaired the second letter of the book and Jia Zheng and joined the Jingying Jiedushi Prince Teng. "
[Jinglue envoy] is also referred to as "Jinglue". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, he was a border military officer, juxtaposed with the governor. For example, Fan Zhongyan once served as the deputy envoy of Shaanxi Economics and Strategy. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, when there were important military tasks, a special economic officer was appointed , the official position is higher than that of the governor. For example, "Hong Chengchou has a relationship with the governor" in "Meihualing Ji". After Hong Chengchou was transferred to the Qing Dynasty, he served as the governor of seven provinces and was stationed in Jiangning.
[Provincial Governor] was originally the name of the inspector, and became a state after the Eastern Han Dynasty. The highest military and political officer of the county is sometimes called the prefect. Bai Juyi of Tang Dynasty served as the governor of Hangzhou and Suzhou, and Liu Zongyuan served as the governor of Liuzhou.
[Prefect] See "Prefect", also known as "prefect", the highest administrative chief of the state. Fan Ye once served as the prefect of Xuancheng . "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring" says: "When I came to the county, I met the prefect and said this. "The Peacock Flies Southeast": "Speaking directly of the prefect's family, there is this son. "Battle of Chibi": "I have an old relationship with Wu Ju, the prefect of Cangwu, and I want to surrender to him." "
[Capital Governor] See the article "Jinglue Envoy". The official name of a military commander or a leading general. In some dynasties, the highest local governor is also called "Capital Governor", which is equivalent to the Jiedu Envoy or the governor of a state or county. For example, "Meihua Ridge" ": "Ren Taishou Min Yu and generals Liu Dudu Zhaoji and others all died. "Liu Zhaoji is a military officer stationed at the local guard station.
[Governor] In the early Ming Dynasty, he referred to the capital official inspecting the local area. In the Qing Dynasty, he officially became a provincial governor, with a status slightly inferior to the governor. He was also known as "Fuyuan", "Futai", and " Fu Jun." For example, "Tombstone Notes of Five People": "At that time, the person who used Dazhong Cheng to Fu Wu was the private person of Wei. "Fu Wu means serving as the governor of Wu.
[Fu Jun] See the article "Governor". "Promoting Zhi": "It is a reward for success and an offering to the Fu troops. "The Fu army is overjoyed and enters with a golden cage." It is also called "Fu Chen", such as "The imperial edict bestows the name of Fu Chen on horse clothes and satin."
[Xiaowei] An official position second to the general during the Han Dynasty. For example, "The Battle of Red Cliff": "With Lu Su as the captain of the Zan Army." Lu Su served as the deputy general assisting the commander Zhou Yu in military planning. After the Tang Dynasty, his status gradually declined.
[Instructor] An officer who taught martial arts in the Song Dynasty army. Lin Chong in "Water Margin" was the gun and stick instructor of the 800,000 forbidden troops in the capital.
[Tijia] The official name of the state military attache in the Song Dynasty, responsible for training the army, supervising the arrest of thieves and other matters. Such as Lu Tiha Lu Zhishen in "Water Margin".
[Engagement] Staff members appointed by the central or local governors themselves, also known as "employees". "Battle of Chibi": "If you appreciate his fame and position, he would still not lose his job under Cao Cao."
[prefect] means "prefect", also known as "zhizhou". "Record of Climbing Mount Tai": "It was the end of the month, and I climbed up from the southern foot with the prefect Zhu Xiaochun and his son Ying."
[County Magistrate] The chief executive of a county, also known as the "magistrate." "The Peacock Flies Southeast": "More than ten days after returning home, the county magistrate sent a matchmaker."
[Lizheng] An ancient township official, that is, one mile long. For example, "Promoting Weaving": "Orders are followed by responsibilities."
[Lixu] manages the tolerance of township affairs. "Promoting Weaving": "Lixu is cunning, and he pretends to be an expert to get rid of him."
Terms for appointment, removal, promotion and demotion of official positions
[Ju, Pi] Ju: to recommend; Pi: to recruit, such as: "If you cannot promote filial piety and integrity, you will be promoted to the public." The government is not ready." (Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han Dynasty")
[Zheng] The king summons his ministers. For example, "An Diya heard that Heng was good at martial arts and worshiped the doctor." (Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han")
[Worship] Use certain etiquette to confer a certain official position or title. For example, in the "Afterword to the Guide", "So he resigned from the Prime Minister and refused to pay homage", which meant that he did not accept the Prime Minister's seal and did not take office.
[Exception] To pay homage to an official and confer a position, such as "To remove the right Prime Minister and the Privy Council" ("(Guide Record Preface))" The "exclusion" in the sentence means to grant an official position.
[Promote] To promote an official position, such as " "Warring States Policy": "The previous kings promoted him among the guests, and established him above the ministers."
[瀟] promotion, promotion, such as "Zhi punishes Zang whether he is different or not." ( Zhuge Liang "Shishi Biao" )
[promote] promotion, such as "promoted to Ningxia Road." (Liang Qichao, "Tan Sitong")
[false] temporarily serve as envoys and subordinates
[move] transfer official positions, including promotion, demotion, and horizontal transfer. . To make it easier to distinguish, people often add a word before or after the word "qian". Upgrade is called transfer, transfer, transfer, demotion is called transfer, transfer, or left move, and transfer at the same level is called transfer or official transfer. , Transfer, transfer to the original position after resignation is called transfer.
[Relegation] Demotion or transfer to a remote area. In "Teng Zijing was relegated to Baling County" in "Yueyang Tower", "relegation" means demotion.
"Relegation". "Depose" and "remove, remove, seize" are all removal from official positions. For example, "Guoyu": "The general deposed the prince Shen Sheng and established Xi Qi."
[demotion] demoted and released, similar to "relegated", such as "Demoted to be the governor of Lianzhou." ("Old Book of Tang ")
[Go] Removal from office, including resignation, transfer and removal. Resignation and transfer are general situations and adjustment of official position, while removal is.
[removal, reduction, dismissal, dismissal, abolishment, seizing] dismissal, dismissal or suspension, such as "The messenger then arrested him and took his official position under threat." (Gao Qi's "Shu Bo Ji Zhe Shi")
[retire] ⑴ revoke or reduce the official position; ⑵ resign oneself.
[rebuke] refuse to use.
[beg for bones] request to resign and retire when you are old, such as "Zhang Heng Biography": "After serving for three years, I submitted a letter to beg for bones. Worship Shangshu
[Transfer] Transfer to an official position, no matter promotion or demotion, such as "In the early days of Emperor Shun, he was transferred to Taishi Ling." (Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han Dynasty")
[Transfer] Change to an official position, which can mean promotion in a specific context. Position or demotion, as in "Heng Bu admires the current world, and the official he lives in will not move for many years." (Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han")
[Transfer] transfer, transfer, such as "Transferred to Longxi Capital." "(Ban Gu's "Book of Han")
[Transfer] transfer and reassignment. Generally speaking, "transfer" and "transfer" mean transfer; "right move" and "move" mean promotion; "left move" and "left move" mean transfer. "Relegation" means to reduce the position. For example, "The official chariot was worshiped as a doctor, and then moved to Taishi Ling." (Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han"), "In the tenth year of Yuanhe, he was moved to the left as a Sima of Jiujiang County." (Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing" )
[Fang] Beijing officials are transferred to local officials, such as "As soon as Hu is here, he will be released as the prefect of Ningxia." "(Liang Qichao's "Tan Sitong")
[Out] The official release from the capital is similar to the meaning of "release", such as "At the beginning of Yonghe, out was the phase of Hejian." "(Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han Dynasty")
pictures and texts are all from the Internet
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