The distribution of melon roots is relatively shallow. The fine roots are mainly distributed at a depth of 15 to 20cm below the surface. The depth of the main root can reach more than 40 to 60cm during the growth period. Since the main lateral roots extend outward almost horizontally, the lateral extension of the root group The length is much larger than the vertical development. The melon root system occupies a large volume of soil, so it has strong drought tolerance. Moreover, because the root system grows quickly and is easy to lignify, it is not suitable for transplanting.
Cantaloupe cultivated in sandy soil grows quickly, matures early, has high day and night temperatures, has a sweet taste and has thick flesh. Cultivation in loam-clay soil matures later than in sandy soil, but the growth is vigorous and the fruit can grow. However, the product has a light taste, thin flesh and poor quality. The soil The appropriate pH range is 6 to 6.8. When the soil is rich in calcium, it can promote sweetness, and with a certain amount of salt, it can promote growth, advance maturity, and increase sugar content.
It takes about 85 to 100 days from sowing to harvesting of melons. The long harvest period of most melons lasts about 25 days, so the total growth period is 110 to 145 days. It takes about 60 to 70 days from sowing to the opening of the first female flower. Like cucumbers, flower buds differentiate early. Flower bud differentiation begins when the first leaf unfolds. Phosphate fertilizer plays an important role in flower bud differentiation. Therefore, whether it is seedling transplantation or direct seeding, attention must be paid to the application of phosphate fertilizer in the seedling stage. ( has 34 to 5 true leaves). It focuses on vegetative growth, promotes the differentiation of flower buds, expands leaf area, and promotes root development. This is the main direction.
Early flowering period:
From planting to the first melon sitting, the growth of roots, stems and leaves goes hand in hand with the growth of flowers and fruits. It is necessary to strengthen the root system and expand the leaf area, but also to ensure the quality of flower buds and make them Sit down, in addition to meeting the supply of phosphorus and potassium during these two periods, the supply of nitrogen must be moderate and not too high. If it is too high, the rice will become crazy and will not bear fruit.
Fruiting period:
From the first fruit to the time when the seedlings are pulled, a large amount of nutrients are transported to the melon, the growth of the roots, stems and leaves is weakened, and a large amount of fertilizer and water must be supplied.
There is a misunderstanding in our fertilization management, that is, management begins at the growth stage of melons. In fact, begins when the melons are not sown. The nursery soil is the fertilization technology of the melon seedlings.
seedling soil
seedlings are divided into conventional seedling raising method and grafting seedling raising method. The conventional seedling raising method is suitable for new greenhouses, with light disease and is not easy to die. The grafting seedling raising method is suitable for repeated cropping production, and can effectively prevent the occurrence of repeated cropping diseases such as fusarium wilt. The rootstocks for grafting can be selected from Double Anvil No. 1 and Double Anvil No. 2.
(1) 50% fertile sterile soil, 40% fully decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer, 10% fine ballast or sawdust, mix evenly and sieve.
(2) Fertile sterile field soil 50%, fully decomposed ring manure 20%, decomposed horse manure 20%, fine furnace ballast 10%, mix evenly and sieve. For nutrient soil above
, 1 to 2 pounds of diammonium phosphate that has been crushed or dissolved in water can be added to each cubic meter, and evenly sprayed into the nutrient soil. To prevent pests and diseases in the seedling stage, 50% carbendazim 200 can be added to each cubic meter. Gram, 50% phoxim 1000 times solution is sprayed and mixed into the nutrient soil, and then piled up to sterilize and eliminate insects.
Fertilizer and water management during the seedling period: Generally, there is no need to apply a large amount of fertilizer and water during this period. Generally, watering and fertilizing are carried out in a timely and appropriate amount according to the soil moisture content and plant growth. When the seedlings appear wilting, water prepared in advance that is consistent with the shed temperature can be watered before noon. When there is fertilizer loss, some foliar fertilizer can be sprayed in an appropriate amount at a timely manner.
Thin-skinned melon's requirements for environmental conditions
Thin-skinned melon's requirements for environmental conditions are roughly the same as watermelon. It is a crop that likes temperature and light, is drought-tolerant and afraid of waterlogging. It needs more fertilizer and water during the melon expansion period.
1 and temperature
are most suitable for plant growth under the environmental conditions of air temperature 30℃, ground temperature 20℃, daytime 25~35℃, and night 15~20℃. The limit temperature of its vegetative growth is 10~38℃. In the range of 22~30℃, the higher the temperature, the stronger the growth potential and the better the assimilation effect. The minimum temperature for seed germination is 15℃, and the optimum temperature is 25-32℃. The minimum temperature for growth is 12℃, and the maximum temperature is 34℃. The minimum temperature for flowering is 18℃, and the optimum temperature is 25℃.
2, Light
Muskmelon requires sufficient light. Normal development requires more than 10 to 12 hours of sunshine per day, and a light intensity of 20,000 to 25,000 lux . It has the largest photosynthesis and accumulates the most nutrients. Its light saturation point is 55,000 to 60,000. Lux, the compensation point is 0.4 million lux. Insufficient light, stunted growth, poor fruit coloration, greatly reduced sweetness and aroma, and prone to disease.
3, moisture
Muskmelon is a relatively drought-tolerant plant and has low requirements for relative air humidity, generally 50 to 60%. It is necessary to maintain a certain humidity during the early growth stage, seedling stage and spreading stage, which is beneficial to the growth of the plant. During the flowering stage, excessive dryness and excessive humidity will affect normal development. During the fruit expansion period, due to the luxuriant branches and leaves and strong transpiration, sufficient soil moisture should be ensured. If water is lacking at this time, the fruit will expand slowly and the yield will be low. Melons are extremely intolerant to waterlogging. When there is too much water in the soil, they often die due to lack of oxygen in the root system. Therefore, you should choose a plot with good permeability, flat terrain, and no water accumulation for planting.
4, nutrition
Melon is a potassium plant. Generally, 1,000 kilograms of commercial melons require 3 kilograms of nitrogen, 1.5 kilograms of phosphorus (P: 0), and 5.6 kilograms of potassium (K: 0). The requirements for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are also different in each growth period. The seedlings require the largest amount of nitrogen during the spreading stage; the amount of potassium required gradually increases after flowering and fruit setting, reaching the highest peak during the fruit enlargement stage. According to the different needs for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different growth periods, adjusting the supply ratio of each element is the key to achieving high yields of melons. Nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of stems and leaves, fruit enlargement, and increase yield, but too much application can lead to leggy growth, late maturity, and disease; application of phosphorus fertilizer can promote the development of root systems and strong plants; application of potash fertilizer can improve quality, sweetness, and disease resistance.
colonization
1. Before colonization (7 to 10 days) prepare
greenhouse and disinfect it before colonization, and disinfect the nursery shed at the same time (pay attention to ventilation and detoxification).
Dig ditches, apply fertilizer, and water. Drill 15cm deep shallow ditches on the ridges prepared before winter. Apply 15 to 20 kilograms of three-element compound fertilizer to acres with poor soil fertility. Fertilizer is not required for good soil fertility. To prevent underground pests, Apply 1 kg of phoxim per acre along the ridges and furrows, then close the ridges and water enough. Once the water seeps in and the planting proceeds, the ridge platform will be leveled so that subsequent watering can go smoothly and the planting is ready. This method can prevent the seedlings from burning with chemical fertilizers and increase the soil content. heat capacity.
2. Planting density
Due to the weak growth of plants in winter, greenhouses and simple greenhouses can be appropriately densely planted, generally about 2,500 plants, and the planting density of greenhouses in spring is about 2,000 plants. Each region should choose the density according to local habits and actual conditions.
3. The planting method
is to dig ditches or holes on the back of the ridge, and use water to stabilize the seedlings for planting. After the water seeps in, seal the lump. When sealing the lump, pay attention to the fact that the soil lump is level with the ridge surface, and the incision of the grafted seedlings cannot be done. It is too close to the ground, let alone buried in the soil, otherwise it will promote the meaning of grafting.
Management after planting
Temperature management:
After planting and slowing down the seedlings: the daytime temperature is 30~35℃, and not lower than 15℃ at night; ℃, which is conducive to strong seedlings, early seeding and vines, early setting of melons, and fast expansion of melons;
melons are set to mature: the daytime temperature is 25 to 35 ℃, and try to keep it above 12 ℃ at night to facilitate the accumulation of sugar in the melon.
Fertilizer and water management:
Water the seedlings once every 7 to 10 days after planting. The water should be sufficient this time to facilitate the emergence of seedlings and the cultivation of strong seedlings. The second fertilizer water is usually poured after the melons are set. When most of the melons have grown to the size of eggs, the second fertilizer water is called expanded melon fertilizer water. Generally, 25 to 35 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and then from expanded melons to Maturity should be based on soil moisture, plant growth, appropriate top dressing and watering. Avoid sudden dryness and sudden temperature to prevent cracking the melon .
plant management:
1. Hanging vines and pruning
plant management adopts the main vine single trunk hanging vine pruning method. At 5 to 7 leaves after planting, hang the main vine with a rubber rope and wrap it around the hanging wire at any time as the plant continues to grow.
Generally, all the vines growing below the fourth leaf are removed, and melons are left on the vines growing from the fifth to ninth true leaves. One melon is left on each vine, and the back leaves and growing points of the melon are removed.Depending on the height of the greenhouse, generally when the main vine reaches 25 to 30 true leaves, the growing point is removed to facilitate the control of the melon seedlings. Generally, no melons are left at the 10th to 20th waist node, but 1 leaf can be left on the sub-vines. Pinch the tip, spray flowers with chemicals on the first melon and 5 to 6 melon embryos. When the first melon sits and expands to a certain extent, and the melon embryos born from the upper nodes are easy to sit, the melons can be processed manually. The second crop of melons is left with 3 to 5 melons. The third crop usually leaves 2 to 4 on the sunvine.
2. Measures to protect melons
In facility melon cultivation, it is generally difficult to meet the requirements of environmental conditions during the flowering and fruit setting period, and fruit setting is more difficult. You can use high-efficiency fruit-setting melon spray to spray flowers. This hormone is 0.1% pyclosuron series, which is generally Add 1 kg of water to each bag (refer to the instructions for use). Before 10 am and after 3 pm every day, the day before the first melon embryo blooms, use a small sprayer to spray the flowers and melon embryos from the top of the melon embryo in a direction. Note that it is best to use your palm to block the melon stem and leaves to prevent the melon stem from becoming thicker and the leaves from becoming deformed. Generally, 2 to 3 melon embryos are processed at one time (bean-sized melon embryos can be seated after being processed). In this way, multiple melon embryos are processed at one time, and the melon embryos will sit together and be uniform in size. In order to prevent cracked melons, bitter melons, and deformed melons from repeated spraying, a certain amount of pigment can be added to the liquid for marking. This method is relatively simple, easy to operate, has a high melon setting rate and fast melon expansion.
3. After thinning the melons
, after the melons are swollen with fertilizer and water, the melons should be thinned 1 to 2 times according to the growth of the plants and how many melons are sitting. Generally, 3 to 4 melons are left for the first crop, and 2 to 4 for the second and third crop. Remove deformed melons, cracked melons and weak melons.
Harvesting and listing
Melons are best harvested when they are nine ripe. At this time, the melons have good color, sweetest taste, rich fragrance and high commercial value.
To judge the maturity of melons, you can observe the color change of the melons and whether they are similar to the color of the melons grown in the bag. When similar, it means it is mature and can be harvested and put on the market.
farm housekeeper tip: saw the formula of sweetening liquid from other places: 30g borax, 1000g sucrose, 50g calcium nitrate, 50 kg water, spray 25-30 kg per acre, saccharin, bean cake fertilizer, take 300-500 saccharin g. Dissolve in 15 to 25 kg of water. After the water boils, add 5 kg of bean cake and cook over low heat until dry. Then mix the bean cake and rice bran and spread it on the melon root, covering it with 3 to 5 cm.
Watermelon Planting Alliance
