Source: Xinhua News Agency
At the junction of Gansu and Qinghai, there is a series of peaks stretching for 50 kilometers. Legend has it that Nuwa piled stones. People call them "Jishishi Mountain". This is also the iconic mountain range that transitions from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the Loess Plateau.
On both sides of the mountain, one is Jishi Mountain in Gansu and Xunhua in Qinghai on the other. The two counties are home to ethnic groups with a population of about 20,000 and 101,000 - the Baoan ethnic group and the Salar ethnic group, both of which belong to the 28 minor ethnic groups in my country.
These two ethnic groups, which have lived along the Yellow River for hundreds of years, have been mainly engaged in farming and animal husbandry for generations, and many people live in poverty. Since the start of a new round of poverty alleviation, with the support of the party and the government, what changes have occurred between the two ethnic groups with adjacent mountains and rivers and similar customs?
This is Ma Xiuqin’s Akeke Farmhouse Compound. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Xing Guangli
"Thousands of times tempered" and "full of spiciness"
On the hot stove, the steel sheets used to make security waist knives were burned red. The sweat on Ma Ga's temples dripped onto the hot blade, making a "squeaking" sound. He is 41 years old, of medium height and dark skin. He has been practicing knife surgery for more than 20 years.
"My family was poor when I was a child. When I was a teenager, I started to earn a living by making knives with my father. I used to work for more than ten hours a day and more than 300 days a year." He lives in Dahejia Town, Baoan Dongxiang Salar Autonomous County, Jishishan, Gansu Province. Maga Zhuma is the inheritor of the Baoan people's waist knife forging skills.
The three villages of Dadun, Meipo and Ganhetan in the town are known as the "Three Baoan Villages" and are the gathering areas for the Baoan people. The waist knife is the treasure of the Baoan clan.
"Knife making is hard work, but the waist knives can be exchanged for the herdsmen's cattle and sheep, and can also be bought and sold to supplement family income." In Ma Ga Zhuma's memory, in the past, the only way for people to make a living in the village seemed to be hammering and making knives.
In the past, a waist knife required dozens of processes and was made purely by hand, which took weeks or even months. In 2006, the Baoan waist knife forging technique was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.
Today, processes such as grinding and polishing can be completed by machines. In Ma Gazhuma's small courtyard, next to the dilapidated earthen stove and rusty hammer, there are brand-new knife-making equipment and standardized operating tables.
Workers forge waist knives in the poverty alleviation workshop run by Magajuma (photo taken on August 10). Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Xing Guangli
"I have recruited more than 50 apprentices, most of them from poor households, and some with disabilities, so that they can learn a skill that can help them get out of poverty stably and pass on national skills." He said.
In recent years, with the support of the government, this characteristic handicraft industry has released significant poverty alleviation benefits by opening poverty alleviation workshops.
The Yellow River flows through Xunhua, Qinghai Province. The Danxia landforms on both sides of the river bank are lined with thousands of cliffs.
In the eyes of outsiders, this is a majestic mountain and river that makes people yearn for, but the Salar people who have lived here for a long time often look at the river and sigh. The river bed is too low to divert water for irrigation, so it has been known as "dry circulation" since ancient times. Xunhua Salar Autonomous County is also included in the concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas of Liupan Mountain.
58-year-old Ma Rezhe Bu is a villager in Xinjian Village, Xunhua County. His wrinkled face was like the land under his feet that lacked water. At the end of 2015, as a poor household, he received more than 10,000 yuan in household industry support funds.
"I don't make any money growing wheat, and I don't have the skills. What can I do?" He was confused. The village cadre helped him purchase a few kilograms of pepper seeds, which he planted in his 3 acres of land.
This kind of slender, thread-like pepper has thin skin, thick flesh, bright red color and mellow flavor. "Chili peppers were not easy to sell in the past, but now the owners of ramen restaurants come to the village to buy them, and the first crop can be sold for 25 yuan per catty." Ma Rezhebu said that with three crops a year, the annual income from one acre of land is at least 5,000 yuan. In Xinjian Village, more than 20 poor Salar households like Marezhebu have grown peppers.
In Xunhua, the pepper planting area has now reached 25,000 acres. From "I want to plant" to "I want to plant", the hot line pepper planting has given tens of thousands of Salar people a taste of the sweetness.
On the way out of poverty, the fragrance of chili peppers lingers.
Going out to start a business and returning home to start a business
In Xiakewa Village, Xunhua County, the reporter met Ma Jin, a young man from the Salar ethnic group, who was busy building a house when he came into the mountains.
“I have been home for more than four months this time, just to build a house, but my parents’ wishes have been fulfilled. They have suffered from poverty for half their lives."Behind Ma Jinshan, on one side is a fire-kang bungalow where he has lived for almost 30 years, and on the other side is a three-story building rising from the ground.
The 28-year-old Ma Jinshan is thin and fair. He has worked in ramen restaurants in Shaanxi, Zhejiang and other places for more than ten years. He first worked in ramen restaurants in Shaanxi, Zhejiang and other places. I started running other people's ramen restaurants and later opened my own shop.
opened a noodle restaurant in Hangzhou 4 years ago with an investment of 150,000 yuan, of which 50,000 yuan was paid by myself and the other 100,000 yuan was provided by the Xunhua County Government to support the ramen industry. Household funds and poverty alleviation and entrepreneurship loans.
“The cost was recovered that year, and the profit was about 200,000 yuan in one year. "Ma Jinshan took out his Hangzhou "citizen card" and showed it to reporters. He said that he also wants to open a few more noodle restaurants and let his children go to school in Hangzhou in the future.
In the village where Ma Jinshan is located, 60% of the people now eat "ramen". Bowl of rice. Now, ramen has become the leading industry for the Salar people to alleviate poverty.
"The function of ramen has changed from subsistence to livelihood, and livelihood to business. Han Zhongyong, deputy director of the Xunhua County Poverty Alleviation and Development Bureau, said that through skills training and other methods, there have been more than 7,000 ramen restaurants operating out of Xunhua County, covering more than 100 cities across the country, exporting more than 40,000 laborers, with an annual per capita income of More than 50,000 yuan.
National costumes are hung on the walls, waist knives are displayed in the windows, and yellowed documents are placed on the bookshelves. In a courtyard in Ganhetan Village, Jishishan County, there is such a Baoan ethnic folk museum. The owner is a Baoan ethnic woman. Ma Xiuqin. Perhaps because she has been engaged in dance for many years, the 55-year-old is slim and always has a smile on her face. When she was 15 years old, Ma Xiuqin, as the only representative of the Baoan ethnic group, took a two-day train to Beijing to attend the event at the Great Hall of the People. Ethnic minority performance. Ma Xiuqin, who has worked hard in other places and devoted himself to art, returned to the village in 2013, contracted an acre of land, and opened the Akeke Farmhouse Compound, not only building a museum, but also running a clothing workshop.
"In Baoan language, u2018 A Keke u2019 means top guagua. Baoan women have learned embroidery since childhood and have good skills. They sew traditional Baoan clothes here and find jobs without leaving the village. " She said.
In 2019, the workshop sold 70,000 yuan of vests, trousers, belts and other Baoan national costumes. In recent years, rural tourism has become popular, and the farmhouse she opened specializes in Baoan specialties.
She has been away from home for 30 years. Ma Xiuqin feels that the biggest change in her hometown is education. In the past, girls got married early and had no good prospects. “Now many students in the village have gone to college and need ethnic clothing. My clothing workshop can help. "
"New Fashion" and "Constant Discussion"
"If the previous u2018 market u2019 were to go by, the younger son would definitely have to borrow money to marry a wife. " Han Zhongming, a farmer from the Salar ethnic group, was very emotional when he talked about the happy event in his family.
He is a villager in Yirihai Village, Xunhua County. He married his two sons one after another last year. "The money spent on two weddings was enough to hold one wedding in the past. No! "
Comparison has been prevalent in Xunhua County, and the cost of wedding gifts and favors has increased. As a result, some families have often returned to poverty.
"Before 2018, the average wedding gift of the Salar people reached 200,000 to 300,000 yuan. A funeral costs 150,000 to 60,000 yuan. I really can’t afford to get married or die. " Han Qinggong, a county cadre involved in the work of changing customs, said.
Now all villages in Xunhua County have established red and white committees. By formulating charters and setting up voluntary supervisors, the bad habit of holding weddings and white events with great splendor has been basically eliminated.
Xunhua County Deputy County Magistrate Ma Hongtao said that the implementation of changing customs has consolidated the results of poverty alleviation, lightened the burden, and made life more promising.
For Sister Zhou, a poor woman from the Baoan ethnic group, the turning point in life also came from a new local arrangement.
40-year-old Zhou. The sister is illiterate and lives in Ganhetan Village, Jishishan County. Six years ago, her husband passed away unexpectedly, leaving her and her two school-age children in a difficult situation.
“The whole village carried small benches to the village committee for a meeting, and the village cadres were there. My family's difficulties were discussed at the meeting, and the villagers gave me ideas. "Sister Zhou Zhou said.
The meeting Sister Zhou said was called the "Village Informed Meeting", which is a poverty alleviation method promoted by Jishishan County.
"It is held in the village. There is no time limit. The villagers all speak, and all major and minor matters are communicated and discussed. " said Ma Dengzhuo, leader of Bao Village in Ganhetan Village.
"Now that my family has raised cattle, I have worked in a poverty alleviation workshop. My eldest son has gone to the county's free skills training class to learn cooking." Sister Zhou said that now her family has been lifted out of poverty, and two new houses have been built next to the old house. "I want to save it for my eldest son to get a wife."
html On August 26, the village’s third villagers’ informed meeting this year was held. It was raining that day, but Sister Zhou came to the village committee door early with a small bench because she had some new questions to ask everyone and wanted to help others.Jishishan County and Xunhua County are across the Yellow River, and the lives of the Baoan and Salar people have undergone tremendous changes here. In the big test of poverty alleviation, the two places handed in their answer sheets: Xunhua County was lifted out of poverty in September 2018; Jishishan County was lifted out of poverty at the end of 2019.
text reporters: Xiong Zhengyan, Ma Sha, Luo Xiaofei, Chen Weiwei
video reporters: Guo Gang, Li Jialin
![Gsxr 750 Full System Exhaust Start Up[Wheelie] - DayDayNews](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/c0jDw2N0lkM/hq720_2.jpg?sqp=-oaymwE2CNAFEJQDSFXyq4qpAygIARUAAIhCGABwAcABBvABAfgBtgiAAoAPigIMCAAQARhaIFwoZTAP&rs=AOn4CLBDXQRfuWuNh3w6a5nrr2jnIh4UhA)
