Speaking of the Gaoshan people, many people’s first impression is of the mountain people in the mountains, but how many people know that they were once conquerors of the sea, a great ancient marine people?
Some people may say, what does the poster know? They are all called Gaoshan people, of course they are people from the mountains, and they have nothing to do with the Ocean people, but what is the reality? Let’s start with the origin of the Gaoshan people.
The language of the Gaoshan people belongs to the Austronesian language family, also called the Malayo-Polynesian language family. The ethnic group that speaks this language is the only group in the world that is mainly distributed on islands. They are distributed in It reaches Madagascar in southeastern Africa in the west, Easter Island in Chile in the east, Taiwan and Hawaii Island in the north, and New Zealand Island and other islands in the south
About 6,000 years ago, the ancestors of the Alpine people who were still in the Stone Age used canoes to travel from South China migrated long distances to Taiwan, and then continued to expand to islands in the ocean, becoming the most widely distributed group in the ocean. How did they accomplish this great feat in ancient times when technology was extremely backward and supplies were extremely scarce?
A netizen said this when discussing related issues: "Observing the positions and changes of stars requires long-term fixed-point observations, which is impossible on the erratic sea. Having advanced astronomical knowledge is exactly the proof that the South The islanders are a mainland people. At the same time, they use the experience accumulated in the hunting process to follow the birds. Because birds cannot fly endlessly, there must be places for birds to rest. When birds return to the forest at night, it is easy to find the island by following them."
But I don't quite agree with his point of view. First of all, in ancient times, inland ethnic groups could not understand the ocean, nor could they have much experience in ocean navigation and the ability to fight the sea to survive. Therefore, the ancestors of the Gaoshan ethnic group must They are marine people who are familiar with the sea, otherwise sailing and adventure under those conditions would be an impossible task
The so-called marine people refer to people who rely on ocean operations for a living and are familiar with the ocean and navigation. They still live along the coast or On the land of the island, the canoe is erratic while sailing on the sea. Why can't you observe the stars at a fixed point? For example, the South Pole is in the south and the North Star is in the north. No matter how erratic your canoe is, the stars are also at that point. Is there any difference in location? In fact, it is the same.
Speaking of the issue of migratory birds, if you are an inland people who cannot even see the sea, how do you know that migratory birds will fly out of the ocean and fly to other lands? On the contrary, life? The so-called marine peoples on the coast or islands will see migratory birds flying out of the ocean, and migratory birds also need to find a resting place, which means that there must be land in the direction where migratory birds fly, so the netizen's view is very far-fetched!
[Reposted from Iron Blood Community! http://www.tiexue.net/ ]
Will inland peoples who can’t even see the ocean understand the issue of oceanic climate and oceanic monsoon?
To complete these adventures, they must be familiar with the ocean, such as Maritime monsoons, typhoons and other issues, we also need to be familiar with the technology of canoe sailing in the sea and survival issues during long voyages, such as fishing skills, etc. Do you know that that was five or six thousand years ago?
So the Gaoshan people! Their ancestors must be ancient maritime peoples. They were great navigators in ancient times!
They have developed in Taiwan for five or six thousand years. Why did they abandon the plains and sea and move to the mountains?
From the existing information? , it is difficult for us to find a detailed and satisfactory answer, so we can only find the answer from some fragments
In fact, the Gaoshan people are also divided into many ethnic groups, such as the Amis, Atayal, Paiwan, and Bunun people , Beinan, Rukai, Cao, Yamei, Saixia, Thao, etc. The ethnic groups living on the plains are collectively called the Pingpu people. Before the Han people immigrated to Taiwan in large numbers in the Ming Dynasty, most of the Gaoshan people still lived there. On the plains, due to changes in the living environment and the impact of foreign culture, some people were assimilated. At the same time, a considerable number of Pingpu people chose to move to the mountains, and finally became today's Gaoshan people
[Reposted from Iron Blood Community http://bbs .tiexue.net/ ]
The Beinan people "were once the masters of the Taitung Plain"
The Tsou people "were originally distributed in the area from Daxi to Da'an River in Taoyuan"
The Ami people "were originally distributed in the north and south ends of the Longitudinal Valley Plain in eastern Taiwan"
The Saixia people's "ancestors moved down from Dabajian Mountain to the plains around Dahu and Miaoli, and then gradually migrated to the mountainous areas of Alishan and Wufeng Mountains in the southwest of the Atayal settlements."
The Kaibisi tribe "barely participated in the ruling class. Records of tribal activities continued until about 650 years ago. After the arrival of the first batch of Han people, they completely disappeared from history. . . The disappearance of Kaibus became a big mystery. "
The Siraya tribe is the most powerful tribe among the Pingpu tribe. There is such a description of the Siraya tribe - "With the large-scale immigration of Han people to Taiwan, the living space of the Siraya tribe has been compressed and increased. In the early days of the Shang Qing Dynasty, the Qing government strictly restricted the immigration of women, and many Han men intermarryed with Hepingpu women.Like most other Pingpu people, the Siraya people are gradually disappearing due to intermarriage with the Han people. A small number of the Siraya people crossed the Central Mountains and migrated to the eastern part of Taiwan, but they only maintained their bloodline integrity. Most of their beliefs, culture and language have long been lost. "
Dawulong branch and clan Cao" their residence in the late Ming Dynasty It was occupied by the Han people. After the Qing Dynasty took over, the number of immigrants increased day by day. They moved to the residences of the four Cao tribes at the foot of Dongfang Mountain, and continued to move to the area along the Xianxi River in Nanzi, forcing the original Cao tribe (Meilong, Pai, etc.) The four societies of Jian, Dahuqiao and Yan'er) retreated to their current residence in the upper reaches of Linong River. "
After the Han people migrated to Taiwan, what happened that caused the Gaoshan people to be assimilated, moved to the mountains, or disappeared? I really can't find specific information. We only know that culture, productivity, and inter-ethnic relationships The strength of Taiwan and the attitude of the rulers at that time all played a vital role. Compared with the Indians in North America, we developed Taiwan with peace as the main tone, while the Europeans developed North America with violence as the main tone, but their endings were different from those of the Indians in North America. In many aspects, they are surprisingly similar to the Indians in North America.
The Indians are called "Red Fans". The Austronesian people in Taiwan were called "Shengfan" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the assimilated ones were called "Shufan". The original Indians They are the masters of North America. Taiwan was also originally the territory of the Gaoshan people. The Indians have developed in North America for tens of thousands of years, and the Gaoshan people have developed in Taiwan for more than 6,000 years. The majority of the Indians finally moved to the mountainous areas in the west, and the majority of the Gaoshan people also They moved to the mountains and partially integrated into the main ethnic groups. Modern Indians only account for 1% of the total population of the United States, and the Gaoshan people only account for 2% of the total population of Taiwan. The Indians all speak English, and the Gaoshan people speak Chinese. The plains of the United States The main residents in Taiwan are descendants of Europeans, and the main residents in the plains of Taiwan are Han people.
Why did so many ethnic groups in history, including some once powerful ethnic groups, disappear? It should be said that it is very similar to the case of the Gaoshan people and the Indians. , this is also a process of the development of ancient mankind. Therefore, no matter how powerful and glorious your nation was, if you do not be prepared for danger in times of peace, strive continuously, and do not know how to develop your own culture and strengthen your own strength, you will always decline. Today, as the Chinese nation enters a period of rejuvenation, we cannot relax any more and hope that every member of the Chinese nation will encourage us!
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