During the Anti-Japanese War, people in the Jiaojiang area of Zhejiang Province made stone kneeling statues of the traitor Wang Jingwei and his wife and placed them on the street.
What has he experienced in his life that made this person with lofty ideals turned around and embarked on a path of no return. From today's perspective, there is a trace of regret behind the anger, regretting his talent. , I regret that he also had a passion for defending the country as a young man; I regret that he once held a high position, and he could have chosen to do something for the people.
Wang Jingwei
Why did this scene appear on the streets? Why did he choose to betray his compatriots? Why did Wang Jingwei, the chairman of the government, end up in the long scroll of history?
"Let's live up to the young head!" Chairman Wang also had a passion
Wang Jingwei devoted himself to the revolutionary cause in his early years. In January 1910, Wang Jingwei and Huang Fusheng arrived in Beijing and opened a Shouzhen photo studio, In his youth, he assassinated the supreme ruler of the Qing court, the regent, although he failed, but because of his passion and courage, he became a famous "person of lofty ideals". was later arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment. . In prison, he was determined to serve his country with death, rather than surrender. He confessed thousands of words in prison, denounced the extreme hypocrisy of the Qing court’s extravagant talk about constitutionalism, and pointed out that "its purpose is to consolidate the monarchy." When Wang was arrested, he was bound to die. Reciting poems and ambitions, in prison, he became four poems of "Being Captured and Occupied", one of which is:
Ge Yan City generously, calmly be a prisoner of Chu.
leads the sword into a fast, not worthy of the young head.
But this kind of rhetoric,It didn't last long. After the Qing court imposed a softening policy on him, the Prince Shang Shusu of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, 善qi , met with Wang many times to improve his material conditions in prison and allocate a single room. All this made Wang Jingwei sincerely grateful to Shanqi. This gratitude reflects the vacillation and weakness in his character.
Wang Jingwei and the Japanese military officer
The political instability, and the weakness of his personality is particularly evident in Wang's life in prison. He "sings and chants all day long and feels comfortable", and his poetry style has changed from high-pitched and passionate to low-pitched and negative.
I admire generosity in my life, and it is not learning to cultivate one's energy.
The grief and joy are too intense, and the energy is submerged.
This is the word of self-confession and self-denial. But Wang Jingwei did not stop there. After the Wulu Uprising in October 1911, he was released from prison as a political prisoner. From then on he began his career as a political speculator, from an assassin who was admired by the people to a politician who was hated by the people. At this time, his heart began to change from the original blood.
was softened by Prince Su and his mood changed for a while. Sun Yat-sen won universal respect within the Kuomintang as the drafter of the "Prime Minister's Will" before his death; during the Great Revolution, he was the "Left" leader of the Kuomintang; he became the vice president of the Kuomintang in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War. It was him who yelled, "Revolutionaries come to the left, and those who don't are revolutionaries go away." It was him who shouted "Everyone fights against the Japanese war, everywhere" , even he is the one who does not hesitate to fight against the war. But it was him who helped the Japanese to harm the people behind. He couldn't see the people's cries, but was dominated by his own fear.He can no longer write the rhetoric of "paying the young head", he no longer has the blood to defend the country, all that is left is compromise, resignation, and escape.
High official position-President Wang Jingwei
later went to France to study during the reign of Yuan Shikai . After returning to China in 1919, it was adapted under Sun Yat-sen's command and founded the "Construction" magazine in Shanghai. In 1921, Sun Yat-sen assumed the presidency in Guangzhou, and appointed Wang Jingwei as the chairman of Guangdong Province Education and advisor to the Guangdong government . At this time, Chiang Kai-shek was still in a state of "staying in Shanghai", and he was still excluded as the commander of the second detachment of the Guangdong Army.
Sun Yat-sen
From 1922 to 1923, Sun Yat-sen organized the Kuomintang, but at this time, Wang Jingwei made a decision that now seems very absurd, and is hostile to our party joining the Kuomintang.
Wang was appointed by Sun Yat-sen as one of the members of the presidium of the congress, was elected as the executive member of the central committee, and then served as the central propaganda minister. In November of that year, he went north to Beijing with Sun Yat-sen as his secretary, and he has become a confidant.
At that time, under the leadership of Mr. Sun, everything is going well. But the turning point of everything was that in March of the following year, Mr. Sun was critically ill. Wang Jingwei was ordered to record Sun's will, which reflected the great trust of Mr. Sun in him. After Sun's death, Wang appeared as a "Leftist" and Sun's believer who supported the three major policies.
On June 26, Wang Jingwei convened the KMT Central Political Conference. At the meeting, Sun Yat-sen's eternal title of KMT Prime Minister was determined, and the KMT will adopt a collective leadership committee system. It is not difficult to find that Wang Jingwei at this time has a bit of meaning as Mr. Zhongshan's successor.The right to speak within the party is quite high. The meeting also decided to abolish the administrative body of the Generalissimo Sun Yat-sen's residence and rename the Kuomintang's highest administrative body to the National Government.
After the National Government was formally established, Wang Jingwei served as Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National Government, Chairman of the Military Committee, and Minister of Propaganda. He has become Sun Yat-sen's successor. His starting point is no more than that of Chiang Kai-shek, but also more promising than Chiang Kai-shek.
Wang Jingwei
Afterwards, Wang Jingwei attended the celebration ceremony for the establishment of the National Government of 100,000 soldiers and civilians in Guangzhou, and solemnly declared: "The current primary task of the National Government is to lead the Northern Expedition and unify China." In January 1926, he was elected to the Standing Committee of the Chinese Executive Committee at the "Second Congress" of the Kuomintang.
However, the "Zhongshan Ship Incident" became a major turning point. The emergence of this incident made him, who was originally arrogant, revealed a huge defect in front of everyone: His character defects: weakness, easy to compromise, and timidity are all reflected in this matter . And his heart was frustrated several times.
After the "Zhongshan Ship Incident" occurred, he reluctantly took the blame and resigned, on the grounds that he took a break from illness. In April of the same year, he returned to China again and served as the chairman of the Wuhan National Government, and once fought for power with Chiang Kai-shek. In these long years of fame and power, his character defect is also the biggest reason why he stepped into the abyss step by step.
The years when I was the chairman of the government
After the death of Mr. Zhongshan, the position of Guangdong National Government was temporarily vacant. I don't know who will be sitting. Although the other two leaders, Liao and Hu, wanted to sit in this chair clearly, there were unfavorable factors at the time.
Hu Shi One of the “four governors” in the early Republic of China ,He was also acting as a commander. At that time, many people thought that it was a logical thing for him to be chairman. Unfortunately, Hu was dealing with the "Liu Yang rebellion" . There were omissions and the loss of Xu Chongzhi support. Coupled with the fact that they are usually not forgiving and mean, they have offended many people. The negative influence in the party is too heavy and the support rate is too low. Therefore, they missed the "throne".
Let's talk about Liao Zhongkai , because it is a "leftist" relationship, it has lost the support of the right wing of the Kuomintang. At this time, all the luck seems to have come to Wang Jingwei. He is usually humble and smooth, good at reconciling, especially being able to reconcile both sides. In the eyes of others, is "span3span " , skills are supported by leftists, Can win the likes of rightists. Therefore, it is logical to be promoted as "Chairman of the National Government."
Chiang Kai-shek's "Zhongshan Ship Incident"---Wang Jingwei's character weakness and compromise
Wang Jingwei and Chiang Kai-shek
The position of chairman of the national government The person sitting was not as comfortable as imagined, because the relationship between him and Chiang Kai-shek had already been in the same water and fire, and he had been fighting secretly with Chiang, and Chiang Kai-shek did not recognize his chairmanship. And this time Chiang Kai-shek used "Zhongshan naval affairs" , to a large extent to embarrass Wang Jingwei, deliberately ignoring the position of Chairman of the National Government and the Chairman of the Military Commission, so that Wang was embarrassed and at the same time. Wang realized a problem "I am the chairman of the national government or the chairman of the military commission,Jieshi did not notify me at all before acting like this. Isn't this an obvious rebellion? _Span3span
Wang Yuexiang felt more and more frustrated. The next day, Wang ordered Zhu Peide and others to detain Chiang Kai-shek on this ground, but the two directly refused to take the order. Consciously impaired prestige, and very low self-esteem. May _Span3span blames himself but not others! This is another incompetent performance.
This is also manifested in his later political struggles. Due to his weak personality, Wang Jingwei would choose to escape when he encountered something that he couldn't handle or something unfavorable, and would take care of his illness at every turn and be hospitalized for rest. Guangzhou uprising Wang who was recuperating in Guangzhou after the outbreak After being criticized by various Kuomintang factions, he was seriously frustrated again, so he announced his retirement and quietly went abroad.
1932, Wang issued a power-on in the name of the president of the executive, asking Zhang Xueliang to enter the Rehe, and Zhang Xueliang refused to follow his orders. The conflict between Wang and Zhang intensified, but he did not deal with this conflict with his subordinates. Instead, he chose to escape again, and then took sick leave to go to Germany to see a doctor.
Japanese army
"September 1 After the Eighth Incident, Wang found a chance to cooperate with Chiang Kai-shek, and he also had a mentality of seeking peace. On the day when Wang Jingwei was appointed as the Chief Executive, the January 28th Incident broke out in Shanghai, which gave Wang Jingwei a disarm. It was this disarming prestige that allowed the Japanese lewdness to plant the seeds of fear in Wang Jingwei’s heart. Combined with the weakness in his character, at this time he had already moved his mind to seek peace with Japan, just waiting, waiting for one he thought was appropriate Opportunity.
with Jiang Guangnai as the commander-in-chief and Cai Tingkai as the deputy commander-in-chief and sergeant The 19th Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army rose up to resist, stubbornly resisted the enemy, the same enemy , morale up and down, the whole country Soaring. At this time, the seeds of Wang Jingwei's deep fear of Japan have taken root and are slowly growing up. The fear of Japan looms over him all day long, only seeing the power of Japan and ignoring China's determination to resist Japan at this time and its advantages in getting more help. This paved the way for him to give up the motherland and surrender to Japan.
He believes that: "It must be known that for decades, China's military economy has been backward in material terms. It goes without saying; that is, the organization is also naive and imperfect."
so much he believes that he has a theoretical basis They were all telling him, making him think that this battle could not be fought and that he would lose if he fought. It made him feel that China's compromise with Japan will come sooner or later. Perhaps this is what his wife said. : "We have to make peace in the morning and evening. We can't accompany Lao Jiang!" He was afraid of fighting, so he made a full negotiation for peace.
Wang Jingwei and his wife Chen Bijun
At first, Wang Jingwei wanted to win Chiang Kai-shek together to make peace with Japan, but Jiang ignored him, so he came up with the idea of making peace with Japan alone. This thought made him forget his early rhetoric and his ambition to serve the country.
Fear triumphed over reason, Wang Jingwei turned his back on the country
In November 1938, Wang sent his cronies and Japanese representatives to draft a secret agreement to prepare a new government.During this period, Wang Zeng hesitated for a while. He was also afraid of being infamous as a "traitor", afraid that he would become notorious after his death and become a sinner of the Chinese nation. For this reason, in the apartment of Shangqing Temple in , Chongqing, the people under his staff also saw Chairman Wang walking around the house depressedly for several days. The heart is tangled and painful.
However, his wife Chen Bijun was thinking about all this very clearly in her mind, and her intention was to be the first lady right away. For this reason, she kept bewitching Wang to set up a separate central government sooner rather than indecisive, "missing a good opportunity" and constantly saying : "We will make peace sooner or later, so it is better to make peace sooner or later. We are so backward. If we continue to fight with Japan to destroy the party and the country, we can't stay with Chiang" .
This sentence overwhelmed Wang Jingwei's last trace of reason. Yes, life is more important than anything else. In addition, some of Wang Jingwei's cronies are also encouraging. Therefore, Wang resolved to break with Jiang and started a new battle, and then Wang Jingwei rebelled.
Wang Jingwei and Hideki Tojo
The Japanese government stated that "does not use the national government as an opponent" , and in July of the same year it claimed that it would "appoint" China's top figures. A series of operations made Wang firmer in his betrayal of the country. Wang Jingwei was flattered by the favor and surrender of the Japanese invaders. An Nai couldn’t help feeling joy, and immediately asked Zhou Fohai to order Gao Zongwu and 梅思平 to contact the Japanese representative Kasaaki Akira and Rei Takeo for a secret meeting in Shanghai, and then reached the "Japan-China Agreement Record" and "Understanding" Matters” and discussed Wang Jingwei’s absconding plan to ensure his subsequent life and safety.
In winter, Wang Jingwei led his party feathers Zeng Zhongming , Zhou Fohai, Tao Xisheng and others left Chongqing to Kunming. On the 20th, they fled to Hanoi, Vietnam with his party members. After Wang escaped, he lived at No. 27 Gaolang Street.
After Wang Jingwei left, the Kuomintang, represented by Chiang Kai-shek, did not want to take extraordinary measures at the beginning. It also sent Gu Zhengding to Hanoi, Vietnam to send passports and travel expenses. It can be described as benevolent and hope that Wang will go to Europe to recuperate. The newspaper also published "Individual advances and retreats will not affect the overall situation" means. But in fact, the paper package cannot hold the fire, and the escape of a vice chairman of the Kuomintang will definitely cause a lot of commotion. On New Year's Day in 1939, when the Kuomintang Central Committee held a meeting to study Wang's problem, the crowd was excited.
On December 22, 1938, Japanese Prime Minister Fumaki Konoe issued his third China policy statement, which put forward the three principles of "good neighbors and friendship, and joint defense against republics and economic support." However, Wang Jingwei could not wait to show his support for Japan, and immediately responded positively to the subsequent publication of Hong Kong's "South China Daily". This response made Chiang Kai-shek thunderous.
Chiang Kai-shek
immediately convened a meeting and punished Wang Jingwei as follows: 1. Wang Jingwei was permanently expelled from the Kuomintang Party and removed all his positions. At the same time, he asked Wang Chonghui , then the foreign minister to find Wang Jingwei, who was already in Hanoi, Vietnam, and persuaded him: As long as Wang leaves the Japanese, he promises that he can forget his mistakes. But he didn't want to be rejected by Wang. Jiang Jieshi's heart became more angered by Wang Jingwei's inaction, so he felt a strong murderous intent in his heart. Jiang decided to come hard and ordered Dai Li, the commander of the army, to send several assassins into Wang Jingwei's residence on Gaolang Street in Hanoi at the time, intending to assassinate Wang Jingwei, but failed.
The establishment of the Wang Puppet Government-the crime of traitor
In March 1940, the "National Government" of the Wang Puppet was formally established in Nanjing. Wang Jingwei finally took the long-awaited first position and faced the Japanese With the recognition and "love" of the government, the high-ranking president of the state government started his own puppet regime, and thus began his career as a traitor, and has thus completely become a sinner of the Chinese nation.
With the establishment of the Wang Puppet regime, some of the original Nationalist government leaders and factions could not resist the temptation. For example, Chen Gongbo and Zhou Fohai also followed one another, serving as high-ranking officials in the pseudo-national government. These people are very capable and support the Japanese. Therefore, it has won the appreciation of the Japanese, and some even received the first-class sunburst medal from Emperor Hirohito.
Wang Jingwei and the Japanese Army
From an assassin to an assassinated Wang Jingwei
In Wang Jingwei’s life, he suffered multiple assassinations from different parties and different positions, but he eventually died. It was a bullet left on his back after he was assassinated.
is also the beginning of his retribution. But what is interesting is that this bullet was originally intended to be given to Chiang Kai-shek.
fell into the abyss due to the rebellion-blood splattered Nanjing Central Auditorium
On the morning of November 2, 1935, a striking sentence was written in the headline of the Kuomintang’s "Central Daily News" : "Dean Wang was sniped yesterday morning, and the central government was extremely shocked." This news is like a bolt from the blue,Shocked the KMT up and down.
On November 1, 1935, the Sixth Plenary Session of the Fourth Central Committee of the Kuomintang was held at the Central Party Headquarters of Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing. According to regulations, after the opening ceremony of the meeting, all members participating in the meeting must take a photo, and journalists from various countries are allowed to take photos for news use.
The general process of that day is: All attendees will wear formal dresses, and then go to the Mausoleum of Prime Minister Sun to hold a mausoleum ceremony. After that, they will take pictures in the Central Party Complex and have a meeting at nine o'clock.
But everyone who attended the meeting was very messy. Some were dressed in tunic suits, some in formal dresses, and some even dressed in casual clothes, talking and laughing, and their attitude was extremely lax. This made him very dissatisfied with Jiang Jieshi, who was a soldier. In addition, during the meeting, the host read the program list incorrectly, and omitted this item from "Memorize the Prime Minister's Will" , which not only caused some confusion in the venue.
also made Chiang Kai-shek extremely upset. At the end of the opening ceremony, Chiang Kai-shek turned around and went into his lounge without responding to anyone. So when all the participating members were seated at the entrance of the auditorium, Chiang Kai-shek, who was angry, refused to take pictures. Wang Jingwei personally invited, but Jiang Jieshi said in a serious tone, "I think the order is too chaotic today, I am afraid something will happen!" Persuaded Wang not to go out.
Wang Jian, please don't move Chiang Kai-shek, he is angry in his heart because he suspects that Chiang Kai-shek is deliberately embarrassing him. Not even believing that something will happen, so I will take pictures by myself.
After the photo was over, just as all the committee members stood up, a person suddenly jumped out of the reporters. He was agile and looked like a well-trained killer. Directly directed at Wang Jingwei "boom boom boom" three shots, hitting Wang's back spine, left cheek and left arm. The Central Committee member Zhang Ji reacted most quickly and hugged the assassin. Zhang Xueliang flew from the side and kicked off the gun in the assassin's hand. Wang Jingwei's guards also took advantage of the situation and fired twice. The assassin was wounded and arrested.
But even so,Wang Jingwei is still seriously injured. At this time, Wang Jingwei was lying on the ground in a panic. His breathing was weak, his face was mostly blood stained, and his suit and underwear were soaked with blood. It was very different from his usual serious and calm appearance.
His wife Chen Bijun knelt beside Wang, already crying, and tightly grasping the pulse of his left hand. Calling his name. Crying and said: "Four brother, don't worry, I will take care of your children after you die. The Revolutionary Party will die from side to side. I had expected this kind of thing."
Wang Jingwei and his wife
her It seems to be saying goodbye to Wang Zuo at the end, and it seems to be accusing him of something, surrounded by a circle of people with different thoughts.
Chiang Kai-shek did not participate in the photography. At this time, he heard that something was wrong. He ran out and held Wang's right hand with one leg bent. He repeated: "It doesn't matter, it doesn't matter, don't talk more." But Chen Bijun thought Even more, thinking that Jiang does not participate in photography, this matter must be inseparable from him, and I feel angry and make no secret of it. He said unceremoniously to Chiang Kai-shek : "Mr. Jiang, you don’t need to do this. If you have something, you can discuss it slowly, why should it be so!" The people under it did it. Immediately summoned his subordinates, within three days, seized the murderer (behind the scenes)! However, after a detailed investigation, the incident did not have anything to do with Chiang Kai-shek, and the three bullets in Wang Jingwei were originally prepared for Chiang Kai-shek by Shanghai assassin king Wang Yaqiao.
"President of the State Government" passed away due to illness
Wang Jingwei's injury gradually began to end his life. Wang Jingwei was shot three times in the body, two of which hit the key, one in the left cheek and one in the back ribs. They are very dangerous places. And the bullet left in the back ribs that was not removed during the operation was the most deadly. In 1943, the injury relapsed,Although he went to Japan for an operation to remove the bullets left on his back, he suffered from multiple myeloma, and soon the disease deteriorated and he died.
Wang Jingwei and the Germans
In August 1945, the War of Resistance Against Japan was finally victorious with the efforts of the people. After Japan announced its unconditional surrender, the Nationalist government first used Wang's party feathers to defend the occupied southeast area. However, because the Chinese people there have been persecuted and ravaged by the puppet army for a long time, they hate traitors in their hearts, and eagerly demand trial and punishment of traitors, liquidate their crimes, avenge their dead compatriots, and let them rest in peace. The Communist Party of China also called for severe punishment of traitors in the "Manifesto of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Current Situation" and the dissolution of the puppet army.
In September 1945, the Nationalist Government ordered the army to apprehend traitors in Nanjing, Shanghai, and Beijing equally. Although Wang Jingwei, who had been sanctioned by the illness, escaped trial, the Chinese people did not intend to let him go.
After Wang died, the Japanese transported Wang's body back to Nanjing and buried it under 梅花山 in a suburb chosen by him during his lifetime.
Chiang Kai-shek ordered He Yingqin to let Wang Jingwei's tomb disappear in Nanjing forever before the government returned to Nanjing. So on January 21, 1946, an army found Wang’s tomb. After blasting it open, it loaded the coffin onto a truck and pulled it out to burn. The ashes were scattered into the sky and the grave was leveled. This is Wang Jingwei. The end after death!
-End-
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