Speaking of the Forbidden City, everyone's first impression is the Palace Museum in Beijing, which is the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
But in fact, Nanjing also has a Forbidden City. It was built during Zhu Yuanzhang's reign. It is larger and more magnificent than the Forbidden City in Beijing. It is also the blueprint of the Forbidden City in Beijing and the mother of the official architecture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. this.
Seeing this, friends who have been to Nanjing may want to say; “No! Nanjing clearly does not have this palace.”
Yes, this amazing, scaled world in the Middle Ages The largest palace complex is no longer there, leaving only a piece of wreckage for people to imagine.
The palace built by the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang himself, why didn’t it survive?
Let’s put it this way, the fate of the Nanjing Forbidden City was not caused by a single person or force, but a series of historical events that caused this huge civil engineering building to disappear in the long river of history.
Nanjing Forbidden City was born out of Zhu Yuanzhang. According to the engineering quality supervision requirements that every brick must be engraved with the names of craftsmen and supervisors in the early Ming Dynasty, a national-level building like the imperial palace is naturally quality Very reliable.
It’s just that this palace has not been used for a long time. Zhu Yunxuan, who took over the throne from Zhu Yuanzhang, was taken away by his fourth uncle Zhu Di before his butt was hot. It is said that on the day Zhu Di entered the city, Zhu Yunqi set fire to some of the buildings.
Although Zhu Di had been emperor in Nanjing for several years, he eventually moved the capital to Beijing. The Forbidden City in Beijing is like a new love, and the Forbidden City in Nanjing is like an old love. The old love is no match for the new love and is abandoned.
Although Nanjing still has a complete administrative team, the six departments, the prefectural court, and the general political department are still there, and the Ministry of Industry also repairs the imperial city from time to time, but the Nanjing Forbidden City is still inevitably ruined. It is common sense that uninhabited houses will only become more and more lifeless.
After Ming Renzong and Zhu Gaochi succeeded to the throne, he wanted to move the capital back to Nanjing, and dispatched personnel from relevant departments to rebuild the Nanjing Imperial City. He planned to move the capital after the repairs were completed, but he suddenly died. The successor was Zhu Zhanji of Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty. He was in the same political orientation as Zhu Di and never mentioned moving the capital.
The Nanjing Forbidden City, which failed to welcome its owner, became more and more desolate. During the reign of Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, he encountered a thunderstorm. Jinshen Hall and Huagai Hall were struck by lightning and caught fire. During the Chenghua period, there was a strong wind, the tree beside the gate of Taimiao was blown down, and the beast kisses of the Great Sacrifice Hall and the gates of the Imperial City were destroyed. During the Jiajing period, there was a storm, the river overflowed, and the foundations of each palace were damaged to a certain extent.
Although the Nanjing Ministry of Industry tried its best to repair, but the financial situation became more and more tense in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and it really couldn't take care of repairing the semi-abandoned Nanjing Forbidden City.
After Chongzhen was martyred, his cousin Zhu Yousong was the first to ascend the throne in Nanjing. This is the small court of Nanming.
At that time, most of the palaces in the Forbidden City of Nanjing had collapsed, and the Taimiao had already been burned down. It was a large and deserted imperial city. Zhu Yousong was unable to repair it as a whole, and only repaired part of the office and living rooms.
However, the above-mentioned thunderstorms, river waters, gusts and so on are all small troubles, and it is the Qing army that really caused the disaster of the Nanjing Forbidden City. In the second year of Shunzhi, the Qing army entered the Pass and defeated Nanming and took Nanjing. It was renamed Jiangning Mansion and designated as the seat of the Liangjiang Governor's Office.
As for the Forbidden City of Nanjing, because of its excellent location, it was set as the Eight Banners Garrison City. The General and the Second Yamen of the Dutong were installed in the palace. The palace was transformed as needed, and the palace was also built from Taipingmen to Tongjimen. The city wall acts as an isolation, causing great damage to the Nanjing Forbidden City complex.
When Emperor Kangxi made his first southern tour, he was very emotional when he saw the dilapidated Nanjing Forbidden City. He specially wrote an article "On the Passage of Jinling" to describe the complicated mood. But what does he have to sigh, isn't the appearance of the Nanjing Forbidden City all caused by the Qing army?
A few years later, Kangxi demolished 120,000 glazed tiles on the old palace in Nanjing, as well as the Jiulongzaojing, Danbi, and railings, and sent them to Fayu Temple on Mount Botuo in Zhejiang to build the Yuantong Hall. This hall imitates the Nine-Dragon Hall of the Forbidden City in Nanjing, so it is also known as the Kowloon Hall.The Fayu Temple still retains the materials that were demolished.
When the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom occupied Nanjing, the Forbidden City was once again seriously damaged.
Hong Xiuquan did not build a palace on the basis of the Nanjing Forbidden City, but chose a new site in the city to build a new palace. However, he felt that every brick and tile of the Nanjing Forbidden City is a good thing, and a lot of precious demolished The stones and bricks are used to build their own palace.
When he started, the kings of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom also regarded the Nanjing Forbidden City as a warehouse, and took whatever they lacked when they built their mansion. When the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom fell, the palaces and walls of the Nanjing Forbidden City were almost demolished, leaving only some that could not be moved or were destroyed. After
, the Hunan Army broke through Nanjing. At the last moment, the Taiping Army set fire to the city according to the old routine since ancient times. After the Hunan Army entered the city and plundered it, they also set fire everywhere. The whole city was like a sea of hell. The buildings on the ground of the Nanjing Forbidden City were burnt down. Only the stone foundations buried in the ground were still intact.
Even so, it will not escape the evil hands of all parties. In 1911, the British Fares removed seven stone carvings and three pairs of stone lions from the Nanjing Forbidden City site and used them as decorations for their own restaurant. The members of the Republic of China also liked to "call" the exquisite stone carvings from the site.
You take a bit, I take a bit, the remains of the Nanjing Forbidden City have been demolished.
Later, the Republic of China government wanted to repair the airport on the site. The remaining Nanjing Meridian Gate Shuangque was demolished, leaving only a three-hole door. At this point, the Nanjing Forbidden City has no longer its original shadow, disappearing like the Ming Dynasty.
In general, the Nanjing Forbidden City was not preserved mainly because of the following reasons: Zhu Di moved the capital, poor maintenance in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in turn damaged and destroyed, the Republic of China The government's non-protection. Finally, the troubled Nanjing Forbidden City disappeared.
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