Recently, many cities across the country are suffering from high temperature scorching. The sun is scorching in many places in the southern region, and the high temperature occupies the C position of the weather stage. "Withed vines and old trees are crows, and watermelons are drunk in air conditioners." When the weather is hot, many people will use this sentence to make fun of it. In the hot summer, eating cold drinks is probably a way to cool down the heat. In fact, cold drinks are not the patent of modern people. The ancients also had the habit of using ice and eating ice in summer to prevent heat and cool down, and they were quite particular.
"Ice Rice Wine"
Cold drink originated from Shang Dynasty more than three thousand years ago. Zhou Chao has a "lingering person" who specializes in "ice power". "The Literature of Zhou·Tiangong·Lingren" records that "Lingren, holds ice. In the first 12 months of the year, the order was ordered to kill ice, and the three were the ones." During the Western Zhou Dynasty, "Lingren" was promoted to a position in the court, specializing in the production of cold drinks.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, "ice rice wine" began to appear at the banquets of the princes. There is a sentence in "Chu Ci: The Soul-Summoning": "Drink the crumbs and drink them freezingly, and cooler", which means that the -meter wine that filters out the crumbs and drinks cool and delicious after being frozen. The iced drink at that time did not cut the ice cubes and into the wine, but needed to use " ice cubes and " to "play" for a while. "Ice Mirror" can be regarded as the refrigerator at that time. When using it, place the ice cubes in the examination, and then put the copper containing wine or fruits into it. At that time, it was a very luxurious treat.
Warring States Bronze Ice Archive National Museum of China Collection
" Tang Liyan " mentions that "the Kuai people sold ice in the market for business", which means that when Tang Dynasty , ice-selling merchants had already appeared in the market. According to the statement in "Yunxian Sanlu", " Chang'an ice and snow, in summer, the price is equal to gold and jade." This sentence reflects from one aspect that ice was expensive in summer at that time, and ordinary people probably couldn't afford it.
"Sushan "
A very popular ice food appeared in in the Tang Dynasty, called "Sushan". Among them, "spicy" is a dairy product. The Tang Dynasty poet Wang Lingran wrote, "The taste is mixed with the honey in the golden room, and the spirit is full of beauty. The plain hands are poured on and the elephant rises, and the dark winter is dried up and the body is formed." He wrote down the method of making Sushan, which requires pouring honey onto crushed ice and condensed into the shape of a hill.
In order to make Sushan delicious and beautiful, people will also embellish the items when placing the plate. Later, in addition to the white "Sushan", there were also red or green "Sushan" dyed with "Guifei Red" or "Brown Qing". In the "Maid's Picture" in the mural of the tomb of Prince Huai in the Tang Dynasty, you can see that the maid's hand is the "Sushan" that decorates flowers and colorful trees.
On the mural of the tomb of Prince Zhanghuai of the Tang Dynasty, the maid held a "Sushan" decorated with flowers and colorful trees in her hands
"Chamomile Cold Pottery"
Because the ice price was expensive, ice drinks were mostly enjoyed by wealthy families during the Tang Dynasty, and cold drinks became ordinary food. That was after , the Song Dynasty, . During the Song Dynasty, juice drinks were very popular among consumers. People in the Song Dynasty called cold drinks "cold water". This kind of cold water is not water, it belongs to a juice drink. According to ancient books such as " Tokyo Menghualu ", there were quite a variety of cold drinks at that time. Such as sand sugar mung beans, pear pulp, papaya juice, braised plum water, black tea water, coconut wine, ginger honey water, bitter water (a kind of tea with ice), fragrant mushroom drink, perilla drink, lychee paste water, white mash cold water, plum blossom wine, kumquat snow soaking, spleen shrinking, ice and snow, agarwood fragrance, etc.
The ancients' wonderful method to cool down
At that time, a kind of "chamomile cold pottery" was popular. Its preparation method was to first cook the rice into thin porridge, then put some processed chamomile as spices, and finally put it in a utensil and put it in a cool well water like ice to "ice", which became a good cold drink of chamomile.
Every summer, the night market cold drink stall business is very prosperous, and it often needs to be opened until the third update to end. Song Dynasty poet Yang Wanli once described the scene of selling ice in midsummer in June to relieve heat: "The imperial city stopped at noon on June, and the city was like a cook and sweating like rain. The sound of selling ice came through the water, and the pedestrians were not careful."
" ice cheese "
During the reign of Emperor Yingzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a cold food specially used for royal relatives and nobles. It was made of ice cubes hidden in the ice cellar in winter, mixed with cattle, goat milk, juice, etc. Yang Wanli had a special liking for ice cream and wrote a poem: "It seems greasy but it becomes refreshing, as if it is condensed and floating. The bottom of the jade comes to the plate is broken, and the snow turns to the sun and ice turns to the sun. "Poetic meaning is that the ice cream looks greasy, but it is smooth and delicious at the mouth; it looks solid, but it is soft and flowing. When it is taken out, it is crystal clear like jade, and it breaks on the plate. After a while, it looks like snow sees the sun, and gradually melts.
Yuan Shizu Kublai likes to eat ice cream the most, and lists it as a palace cooling food. It has been improved many times by Royal Dining Room to make it taste better. It is said that when Marco Polo came to China, he tasted the royal cold drink "ice cheese" at that time. Later, he brought the production technology of "ice cheese" back to Italy, and wrote in his "Oriental Views and Experiences": "In the golden country of the East, residents like to eat milk ice. "Since then, Chinese ice cream has spread in Italy.
"Sour Plum Soup"
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many delicious cold drinks appeared one after another. In " Dream of the Red Chamber ", there are records of sour plum soup, rose dew , osmanthus dew, herbal tea and rose braised soup. It can be seen that the cold drinks at this time were not only diverse, but also higher and higher quality, among which Beijing's "iceful sour plum soup" is the most famous. The Qing Dynasty literati Wang Yuyang once recited a poem and praised: "Cherries have passed, the tea fragrance has decreased, and the copper bowls are called for selling ice. "
By the end of the Qing Dynasty, a new type of beverage called " Dutch Water " appeared in China. The so-called Dutch water is actually the soda that people often drink now. In addition to Dutch water, people in the Qing Dynasty would also eat "cold drink ice" during the summer. This cold drink ice is actually a kind of ice cube. On the streets of summer, the hawking of cold drink ice can be heard everywhere. This cold drink ice develops to the point where it is summer children. The cheap "popsicles" we often eat.
Following ancient paintings and classics, we found that in ancient times there were also various delicious ice foods to relieve summer heat. For this delicious "summer limited", our ancestors racked their brains. These wisdom in life allowed people to experience the joy of eating "ice" during the scorching summer season thousands of years ago.
Producer: Tang Xinyi
Editor: Zhou Jiamiao Ma Yucong
Proofreading: Sun Hui
