In film and television dramas, we often see "Shangfang Sword", which cuts the faint king up and down the servants. As soon as it comes out, the climax of the whole show will usually come. In the film and television drama "The Beauty Case", Bao Qingtian asked Shang Fang Baojian. Even the emperor's mother and the dignified old lady lost their temper. They could only watch Bao Zheng give the horse Chen Shimei to the horse, but he checked the package. In Zheng's historical data, the four words Shangfang Baojian could not be found at all. In fact, before the Ming Dynasty, in all official histories, there was no record of a certain emperor bestowing a Shangfang sword or someone invited a Shangfang sword to kill. Throughout history, the earliest thing that Shangfang Baojian was able to associate with the emperor was an event that happened in the Western Han Dynasty.
This incident can be seen in the "Han Shu Zhu Yun Biography". Zhu Yun was a county magistrate in the period of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty. At that time, the prime minister Zhang Yu was embezzled and squandered the law. Zhu Yun, a small county magistrate, is not afraid of death. He wrote to the emperor and listed Zhang Yu’s various crimes. When it came to excitement, Zhu Yun even asked the emperor to lend him Shangfang’s sword for cutting the horse, saying that he would cut off Zhang Yu’s head by himself. When Emperor Han Cheng heard this, he was furious. He called for the guards to drag Zhu Yun out. Unexpectedly, Zhu Yun clung to the railings of the hall and refused to go. Finally, he broke all the railings. He was still talking. Non-stop. Although it is said that he did not kill Zhang Yu, Zhu Yun's spirit of giving up his life for meaning has been passed down as an ancient saying, and it has also derived the idiom "Zhu Yunzheshu". It can be seen from the story that at that time the sword had not been given imperial power, it was just a weapon produced by Shang Fang.
So what does "Shangfang" mean? "Historical Records · Xiaowu Benji" records, "Da Luan was a member of Jiaodong Palace, so I tried to work with General Wencheng, and he became the King of Jiaodong Shang Fangling." This sentence means that a person named Da Luan gave the King of Jiaodong He was once Shang Fangling, and on many of the unearthed Han Dynasty bronze mirrors, people often see the inscription "Shang Fang makes mirrors". In the Han Dynasty, Shang Fang was the name of an official institution, and Shang Fangling was the person in charge of this institution. In layman's terms, this institution is a royal factory. Everything in the emperor's home, such as swords, furniture, mirrors, etc., is basically produced by it, and Shang Fang here is equivalent to the current trademark.
The inventor of the four great inventions of papermaking, Eastern Han Dynasty eunuch Cai Lun, not only a master of papermaking but also a master of sword making, Cai Lun served as the imperial order of the imperial court. So he wrote "Supervise the production of secret swords and all kinds of weapons, and they are all meticulous, for the sake of later generations." How good is the sword he supervised? The original document states that "Water tried to break the geese, Lu tried to break the bull and the horse, so the sword is also Guanliang". The sword can be broken into two when it goes down, showing the sharpness of the sword. Therefore, the sword made by Shangfang in the Han Dynasty was also called "Shangfang Sword of Horses".
Shangfang Baojian is well known to us, not because of its high quality, but because it is a symbol of imperial power, just like the line "Shangfang Baojian, such as I am here." So how did it become the magic weapon of the Shang Zhan Wu Jun and Xia Zhan Ning Chen in folklore? In the late Ming Dynasty, the Shangfang sword, which could represent the emperor, was born.
Emperor Wanli did not go to the court for more than 20 years and ignored politics. He lived in a deep palace and was happy and happy. Therefore, the officials below, big and small, naturally followed suit. Internal troubles and external troubles, the people don't live a life. In the end, even Emperor Wanli couldn't stand it anymore. Perhaps he was inspired by the drama. Emperor Wanli thought of giving Shangfang Baojian this trick. According to the records of Ming History, in the 20th year of Wanli, a rebellion occurred in Ningxia. Emperor Wanli successively gave Governor Wei Xuezeng and governor Ye Meng Xiong Shangfang a sword to authorize the two to kill arbitrarily and act cheaply, cutting first and playing later. I don’t know if Shangfang’s sword played a role, and the rebellion was quickly put down.
Because he tasted the sweetness, the Wanli Emperor gave Shangfang swords to those in charge as soon as there was a war. However, it was also said in the "History of Ming Dynasty" that Shangfang swords were only given to those who commanded the battle on the battlefield. The battle will be taken back as soon as the battle is over, so it is absolutely non-existent if the upright officials ask it to come out and judge the treacherous ministers, as shown in the film and television drama.
Moreover, Shangfang Baojian is not able to be used for everyone. According to the regulations of the Ming Dynasty, it can only kill the general soldiers.The officials below and the officials above cannot be killed casually. Yuan Chonghuan was the governor of Ji Liao at that time, and the Emperor Chongzhen gave him the sword of Shangfang. However, Mao Wenlong's official position was General Soldier of Pidao. The sword of Shangfang was of no use to him and could not be used first, so the Emperor Chongzhen later killed Yuan Chonghuan. The most important charge is that he killed Mao Wenlong without asking for instructions.
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