The martial arts novel "Ba Bu of Heavenly Dragons" gave way to the great name of Dali in Yunnan. Dali Kingdom has existed for a very long time, starting from the second year of Jin Tianfu (937 AD) after the Five Dynasties, until the third year of Yuan Xianzong Mengge (1253 AD) before it perished (including Gao Shengtai proclaimed emperor from 1094 to 1096). Dali has a very important historical position in our country, but it is not the first kingdom in Yunnan. There were two other states before Dali, Nanzhao and Dachanghe.
Picture-Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Situation Diagram, Dali Location and Sphere of Influence Diagram
The ancestors of Nanzhao were Ailao people who lived on the Yunnan-Guichuan Plateau during the Han Dynasty, belonging to the Wuman Tribe , Also known as Dragon Tail, Jumei, Yangjian. It is called Nanzhao because the word "Zhao" means king or monarch in the local language system. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were six imperial edicts near Erhai Lake in Yunnan, namely Mengshezhao, Fengsuizhao, Shilangzhao, Yuexizhao, Mengxiuzhao, and Langqiongzhao. Among them, Mengshezhao is located at the southern end of Liuzhao, so it is also called Nanzhao. Erhai Lake is located in the western part of Yunnan Province, which is the large lake in the north and south of Dali, the capital of Dali Prefecture, covering an area of more than 250 square kilometers. Another big lake in Yunnan is Dianchi Lake, south of Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province.
Picture-Territory Situation in the Western Han Dynasty
Tang Gaozong Gaohui 4 years (AD 653), the descendants of Nanzhao ancestor Meng Shelong Longduluo sent tribute to Chang'an, He was named the governor of Weizhou by Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty and was under the jurisdiction of Yaozhou Dudu Mansion. Where is Weizhou? Not far to the southwest of Dali, there is Weishan County, located on the east bank of the Lishe River. Weizhou in the Tang Dynasty was near Weishan County. The jurisdiction of Yaozhou Dudufu is approximately at the junction of present-day Yunnan Province and Sichuan Province, ending at Kunming in the east, Baoshan City in Yunnan Province in the west, and Yuanjiang County, Yuxi City in Yunnan Province in the south. The situation here is more complicated, and the Tang Dynasty set up a lot of Zhizhou here. Weizhou controlled by Nanzhao is actually a small tribe.
In the time of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, Nanzhao was not very conspicuous among Liuzhao. But when the throne of Nanzhao was passed to Piluoge, Nanzhao began the process of unifying Liuzhao. In the 16th year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (728 AD), Piluoge came to the throne. Nine years later, in 737 AD, Piluoge captured Taihe City (also known as Dahe City) about eight kilometers south of present-day Dali City. Strong, ranking first in the six edicts. Dahe City is located in the northwest of the urban area of Dali, on the west bank of Erhai Lake.
Figure-Topographical Political District Map of Yunnan Province
Piluuge obviously does not want to dominate only in a small land. He aspires to unify the six edicts and be the real "king of the edict" . At that time, the Tang Dynasty still had a strong control over the southwest region, and Pilo Ge obviously did not dare to oppose the Tang Dynasty. How to do? Pi Luoge's method is actually very simple-spend money. Pi Luoge paid a lot of money to buy the Tang Dynasty's Jiannan Xichuan Jiedu Envoy Wang Yu, and asked Wang Yu to intercede with Tang Xuanzong for himself and let Nanzhao merge with the other five edicts. Tang Xuanzong finally agreed to Pi Luoge's request, and Nanzhao took advantage of the situation and merged with the other five edicts. After
's strength increased, Pi Luoge began to attack Tubo and beat Tubo into a daze. Tang Xuanzong was very happy. Fengpi Luoge was the king of Yunnan and had become an important force in Yunnan. At the same time, in order to adapt to the development of the situation, Pi Luoge moved the capital to Taihe City. A discerning person knew at a glance that Pi Luuge's ambitions were getting bigger and bigger. The king of Nanzhao after Piluoge was the more ambitious Ge Luofeng (or Geluofeng, Jue Lefeng). Tang Xuanzong was old and dizzy, causing an unprecedented destructive Anshi Rebellion. The Tang Dynasty has obvious control over the surrounding area. decline. Although Pi Luoge unified the Liuzhao, Ge Luofeng hoped that Nanzhao could control a larger territory.
Picture-The location of the important town of Nangzhou in the Tang Dynasty
The thirteenth year of Emperor Xuanzong Tianbao (AD 754), seventy thousand soldiers of the Tang Dynasty led by Li Mi after the stay in Jiannan , Go south to crusade against Nanzhao. As a result, Ge Luofeng defeated the Tang soldiers in Taihe City, and the entire 70,000 Tang soldiers were wiped out. The Nanzhao Vietnam war became more and more courageous. In the first year of Tang Suzong to De (756 AD), it broke the Tang Dynasty's important town in the southwestern region of Nanzhou (together with Tubo, the Nanzhao soldiers captured the Huitong army of Nanzhou).
Where is Nanzhou ("Xian" is pronounced as "West" and once said it is pronounced as "Marrow")? We all know that Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Three Kingdoms Shu Han, defeated Nanzhong and captured Meng Huo seven times. And the Shu soldiers entered from Yuexuan CountyEntering Nanzhong, the second pacification of Nanzhong. The Yuexuan County in the Shuhan Dynasty was the Nanzhou in the Tang Dynasty, and it is now Xichang, the capital of Liangshan Prefecture in the southwest of Sichuan Province. Xichang lies between the Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin, not far to the north of the Yangtze River, and is the southwestern gateway of the Sichuan Basin. Before the crusade against Nanzhong, Zhuge Liang decided to retreat to Ximin, and to accumulate strength, he closed the Lingguan of Yuexuan County. Nanzhao soldiers are located in Minzhou, let alone whether they can occupy the Sichuan Basin, at least they can keep Yunnan.
Map-Sichuan Province Topographic and Political District Map
Of course, Nanzhao was also beaten by the Tang Dynasty. In the 14th year of the Zongda calendar of the Tang Dynasty (779 AD), the famous general of the Tang Dynasty Li Sheng (father of the famous general Li Xuan) defeated the Nanzhao and Tubo coalition forces. The coalition forces lost a total of 100,000 horses. However, in this battle, Nanzhao King Yi Mouxun (grandson of Ge Luofeng) jointly attacked the Tang Dynasty. Although he was defeated, he at least did not lose the mainland. Yi Mouxun believes that Nanzhao's hard power is sufficient, but its soft power is not strong enough. Yi Mouxun started the reform and reform of the Nanzhao version, such as setting up a "Qingping official" equivalent to the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, there are Congshuang (Hubei), Cishuang (Ritual Department), Punishment Shuang (Xing Department), Mu Shuang (War Department). At the same time, Nanzhao has changed his household registration and his strength has improved very rapidly.
Figure-Nanzhao's sphere of influence during the Tang Dynasty ), Quan Long Sheng (808 to 816), Quan Li Sheng (816 to 823), Quan Feng Hu (823 to 859, all three Quans were brothers), Shi Long (859 to 877) . Shilong (also known as Chief Dragon) was a very important king in the history of Nanzhao. He became emperor in the first year of Xiantong (860 AD) when Yizong of the Tang Dynasty had just ascended the throne. Because Shilong’s "Long" violated the name taboo of Tang Taizong Li Shimin and Tang Xuanzong Li Longji, Tang Yizong asked Shilong to change his name, but was rejected. At this time, the Tang Dynasty had already started fires everywhere, and smoke appeared in eight places, and Shilong did not take Tang Dynasty seriously. Tang Yizong still wanted to include Shilong in a whimsical way, but Shilong ignored Tang Yizong at all. Under the command of Shilong, the Nanzhao soldiers attacked Jiaozhou (now northern Vietnam) to the south, and Nanzhou to the north, which disturbed the Tang Dynasty.
Figure-Topography of Chengdu, Sichuan
In the tenth year of Tang Xiantong (AD 869), Shilong took over Mianzhou and went north to capture Qianwei on the north bank of the Yangtze River (Qianwei County, Leshan City, Sichuan Province) ), has touched the southern boundary of the Sichuan Basin. The greatest achievement of the Northern Expedition of Nanzhao was that in 870 AD, Nanzhao soldiers fought to Chengdu, the largest city in the southwest of the Tang Dynasty. It was only because the Tang army in the city defended that Nanzhao soldiers did not capture Chengdu. Shilong still wanted to win Sichuan, but he did not do so, and was finally beaten by Tang Jun to lose his temper.
Shilong died in 877 AD, and his son Long Shun took the throne. Long Shun did nothing, and the power of Nanzhao slowly fell into the hands of the power minister Zheng Maisi. In 897 AD, Long Yao died suddenly, and it was suspected that Zheng Maisi was poisoned. Zheng Maisi then appointed the young Shun Huazhen to the throne, but they were all puppets. In October of the second year of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang Dynasty (902 AD), Zheng Maisi abolished the long-deprecated Nanzhao State and established Dachanghe State.
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