Emperor Wencheng, Emperor Gaozong of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Tuoba Jun (440~465), written by Wulei Zhiqin, was born in Pingcheng County (now Datong City, Shanxi Province), and belonged to the Xianbei nationality. The emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty (reigned from 452 to 465), the grandson of Emperor Taiwu Tuoba Tao, the eldest son of Emperor Jingmu Tuobahuang, and his mother was Empress Gong Yu Jiulü.
Smart Minda, abnormal wind gauge. In March of the 2nd year of Zhengping (452), Zhongchang Shizongai killed the Taiwu Emperor Tuobatao and supported the Nan'an King Tuobayu ascended the throne. In October of the same year, after Emperor Jingshou Tuoba Yu was killed, he ascended the throne as emperor with the reign of Xing'an and killed the power minister Zong Ai. During his reign, he settled the civil strife, recuperated, restored Buddhism, and started to build the Yungang Grottoes.
Emperor Wencheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty Tuoba Jun
Heping 6 years (465 years), died of illness, at the age of twenty-six, posthumous name Emperor Wencheng, temple name Gaozong, was buried in Yunzhong Jinling.
early experience
Taiping Zhenjun's first year (440) June 21st, Tuoba Jun (Jun) was born in the East Palace.
Smart Minda when he was young, was loved by his grandfather Taiwu Emperor Tuobatao, and often followed Taiwu Emperor, known as "the grandson of the emperor."
Taiping Zhenjun five years (444), when the five-year-old Tuoba Jun followed Taiwu Emperor's northern tour, it happened that the chief commander escorted a slave to impose punishment. Tuoba Jun said to him: "This slave met me today, you should let him go." The chief commander was ordered to release the slave. Tuoba Tao heard about this and said: "Although this child is young, he seems to regard himself as the emperor." He was very surprised. After Tuoba Jun became an adult, his manners were abnormal. Whenever the court encountered major political affairs, he would participate in the decision.
was established as emperor
In March of the second year of Zhengping (452), Zhongchang Shizongai killed Emperor Taiwu and made Nan'an King Tuobayu emperor. In October of the same year, Zong Ai took advantage of Tuoba Yu’s opportunity to worship the ancestral temple and sent Xiaohuangmen Jia Zhou and others to kill Tuoba Yu at night. Therefore, the elders of the temple, Sun Kehou, Shang Shu Lu Li and others supported Tuoba Jun as emperor. On the third day of October, Tuoba Jun was the emperor in the front hall of Yong'an. He amnesty the world and changed Yuan Xing'an as Emperor Wencheng. After
ascended to the throne, Emperor Wencheng punished Zong Ai, Jia Zhou and others, using five punishments to destroy the three clans. On the ninth day of November in the first year of Xing’an (452), Emperor Wencheng pursued his father, Prince Jingmu, Tuoba Huang, as Emperor Jingmu, his mother, Lu, as Empress Gong, and respected nurse Chang, as Empress Dowager.
During the reign of Emperor Taiwu, the Northern Wei Dynasty sent troops to expand the territory, and the national power was empty, coupled with the continuous disturbances within the court, which made the court officials and the people very painful. After Emperor Wencheng succeeded to the throne, according to the seasonal regulations, the common people could recuperate and plant with peace of mind, minimize high-handedness, rule with gentleness, appease the people at home and abroad, and stabilize the people.
died young
On May 11th (June 21, 465) of the Sixth Year of Peace, Emperor Wencheng passed away in the Taihua Hall at the age of 26. On the second day of June, the posthumous title is Emperor Wencheng, and the temple title is Gaozong. In August, he was buried in Jinling, Yunzhong County.
Political achievements
After Emperor Wencheng succeeded to the throne, the contradiction between the Xianbei nobles and the Han civilians gradually became prominent. Emperor Wencheng repeatedly issued edicts to stop the corruption of the Xianbei nobles. However, due to the deep corruption of the officials, the edicts could not be effectively implemented and failed to alleviate the suffering of the people. As a result, the people's struggle against the ruler intensified. During the reign of Emperor Wencheng
, the internal struggle in the Northern Wei Dynasty was fierce. There were countless ministers executed by Emperor Wencheng; on the other hand, the struggle for power and throne was one after another. In November of the first year of Xing’an (452 years), Longxi Tuge Wang Jingwen rebelled against the imperial court. Emperor Wencheng ordered the defending general of Wancheng Town, Tuoba Huishou, King of Nanyang, and Governor Yuluo to quell the rebellion.
On February 13th of the second year of Xing’an (453 years), Sikong and Jingzhao King Du Yuanbao were killed in a conspiracy; Jianning Wang Tuoba Chong and his son Jinan Wang Yuanli were attracted by Du Yuanbao and were involved in the rebellion, and they were gifted to death by Emperor Wencheng . In July of the same year, Puyang Wang Lu Ruowen conspired with General Zhengxi and Tuobaren Wang of Yongchang. On July 25th, Emperor Wencheng ordered Tuobaren to die in Chang'an, and Lu Ruowen was killed. There are countless other large and small rebellions, and the Northern Wei Dynasty is turbulent. On the first month of the second year of Xing’an (452), Emperor Wencheng ordered the establishment of the Shangshu and Youshi Shangshu. Tai An SanIn May of the year (457), the guards were renamed as prefects.
relieved the burden of the people
In the second year of peace (461), Emperor Wencheng traveled the world, wherever he passed, he personally met the elderly and asked about the suffering of the people. If the people are over eighty years old, they have a son who does not have to serve in the army.
Military Achievements
Tai'an four years (458 years), Emperor Wencheng personally commanded 100,000 cavalry and 150,000 chariots to attack Rouran. Wei Jun passed through the desert with flags flying for thousands of miles. Rouran Chu Luo Khan Yu Jiulu Tu Hezhen fled far away. Ruoran’s commander Wu Zhu Jialan and others led thousands of tents (a place where nomadic tribes live. The tents are gathered like villages, so they are called tents) surrendered to the Northern Wei Dynasty. Emperor Wencheng carved a stone in Rouran to record his military exploits, and then his class returned to court.
Diplomatic Achievements
During the reign of Emperor Wencheng, he pursued a peaceful foreign policy, established peaceful diplomatic relations with Liu Song in the Southern Dynasty and other countries in the North, exchanged merchants, stopped soldiers and supported the people. The law of
in the early years of Emperor Wencheng still complied with the original legal provisions of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the fourth year of Tai'an (458 years), on the first day of the first month, Emperor Wencheng promulgated a prohibition on alcohol. At that time, there were bumper harvests in successive years, and most of the officials and the people caused lawsuits and debates in power due to alcoholism. Emperor Wencheng hated this. Therefore, all edicts are forbidden, and anyone who makes wine, sells alcohol and drinks alcohol shall be sentenced to death. In case of weddings or funerals, the ban can be temporarily lifted, but there must be a date limit. Emperor Wencheng also added internal and external officers to monitor the faults of internal and external officials in this regard. This led to the phenomenon of waiting officers’ microservices among various government offices to explore the faults of a hundred officials. Officials who violated the relevant prohibitions were interrogated and punished severely. The relevant departments severely tortured the offenders, and the offenders made false accusations against each other indiscriminately, so they specialized in impeachment and disrespect. Officials of various departments were executed for embezzlement of Erzhangbubo. The seventy-nine chapters of the decree were added. There are 13 types of punishments for punishment, 35 types of condemnation, and 62 types of imprisonment.
In the last years of peace (460-465), Emperor Wencheng adopted Jizhou Governor Yuanhe's suggestion that as long as it was not the crime of treason and murder, he could be exempted from capital crimes and relegated to border guards.
Religion
During the reign of Emperor Taiwu, he once ordered to exterminate the Buddha, causing Buddhism to suffer an unprecedented catastrophe. After Emperor Wencheng took the throne, he ordered the revival of Buddhism in the first year of Xing'an (452), and Buddhism gradually resumed development. In the second year of Xing'an (453 years), Emperor Wencheng ordered the construction of Yungang Grottoes.
Historical evaluation
Tuoba Tao: "Although this child is small, I want to be the emperor."
Wei Shou's "Wei Shu": "The ancestors have a brief history, and the interior is quite wasted. As the country provoked the difficult times, the ruling and the ruling. Gao Zongxing According to the current news, calmly rely on the town, raise the mighty buddha, and cherish the Chinese and foreign countries. Since it is not a wise understanding and richness, how can we do this! It can be said that there are monarchs."
Li Yanshou "Northern History" ": "After Wencheng belonged to Taiwu, he was quite wasted internally, and the country provoked the times, the ruling and the opposition Chu Chu. The emperor and the news of the times, calm and calm it. Raise Wei Bude, cherish China and foreign countries, he is not intelligible and rich How can you do this if you are the heart? It can be said that there are nobles."
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