- Preface
When it comes to Deng Xiaoping, every Chinese is familiar with it. Many people may not know much about the woman behind Deng Xiaoping, that is, his wife Zhuo Lin.
Zhuo Lin, like Deng Xiaoping, is a staunch revolutionary fighter and has made outstanding contributions to the revolutionary cause of New China. She was talented and had outstanding abilities. She had the opportunity to work in the central government, but because of her husband's words, she was willing to retreat to the back line.
What's going on?
will pull the time to 1952.
In July of that year, Deng Xiaoping was transferred to the central government for work, and soon afterwards he made a special request to his wife Zhuo Lin: don’t go out to work, don’t show off. Zhuo Lin kept this in mind, politely rejected the request of some units to invite her to work, became Deng Xiaoping's secretary, and was willing to be the woman behind her husband...
- The revolutionary female warrior who came out of Yunnan
- Revolutionary love, Yan'an marriage
- share the joys and sorrows, and work together to advance
- Become the woman behind Deng Gong
- Conclusion
Zhuo Lin's original name was Pu Qiongying, but later he named a different name - "Zhuo Lin" due to the needs of the revolution. After a long time, he did not change it back.
Pu Qiongying's father Pu Zaiting is a well-known "ham king" and industrialist in Xuanwei, Yunnan. He supports the national revolution very much. He not only participated in the Northern Expedition, but also never prevented his children from joining the revolution.
He once sent his second son Pu Desan to participate in the first student class of Whampoa Military Academy, and sent his third son Pu Zhaoji to study in Japan to study. Later, his second daughter Pu Daiying, his third daughter Pu Shiying and his youngest daughter Pu Qiongying also left home to study in the north and joined the Communist Party of China to become a revolutionary.
In addition, Pu Zaiting pays great attention to the education of his children. He not only invites the private school teacher to teach the three sisters to enlighten the three sisters, but also sends them to school to learn new knowledge and new ideas. The three sisters are also very successful and have been admitted to Kunming Women's Middle School one after another.
Pu family is a big family. When the three sisters of the Pu family were young, they had never seen women in the Pu family deeply poisoned by feudal ideas. Some were abused by their stepmothers, and some could not bear the husband's marriage to his concubine and committed suicide... The three sisters of the Pu family who received education since childhood gradually realized the persecution of women by feudal ideas. Later at Kunming Women's Middle School, the three sisters of the Pu family further realized that feudalism still oppressed thousands of poor people in China. For this reason, they wanted to resist feudalism.
, just, how to resist? At this time, the three sisters of the Pu family could not quite understand the meaning of revolution.
Until a teacher in the middle school died heroically before them, the seeds of revolution that had already buried deep in their hearts broke out, and they became increasingly determined to be revolutionary. It can be said that this teacher is their enlightenment teacher on the road of revolution.
This female teacher who teaches music is an underground member of the Communist Party of China and often promotes communist ideas and revolutionary principles to students. After being arrested, the teacher was passionately shouting communist slogans on his way to the execution ground by reactionary sent to the execution ground, without fear of the impending death. This scene was deeply engraved in Pu Qiongying's mind and couldn't be removed. After the "September 18th" Incident broke out, Pu Qiongying, who represented Yunnan to attend the National Games, was forced to stop in Hong Kong and would return to Kunming soon. Pu Qiongying was unwilling to go back to Yunnan like this. She wrote a letter to her family saying that she would go to Peking to study, and soon received the consent and support of her family.
In this way, Pu Qiongying successfully arrived in Peking to continue her study.
Pu Qiongying first took tutoring for cultural courses at Peking Chunming Girls' High School, and the following year he was admitted to Peking No. 1 Girls' High School. The revolutionary atmosphere here is very strong. The students are passionate and do not fear the great powers, but are all determined to defend the motherland.
Here, Pu Qiongying participated in the "January 2.9" student movement. The students took to the streets to protest, shouting patriotic slogans "Don't be slaves of the country!" and protesting against unequal treaties such as the "He Mei Agreement" signed by the Nanjing National Government and Japan.
The forceful suppression of the Nanjing National Government did not make the students retreat even if they were half a step. After this student movement, Pu Qiongying made a qualitative leap in revolutionary thought and his revolutionary beliefs became increasingly firm.
1936, Pu Qiongying was admitted to the Department of Physics of Peking University with excellent results. Her idea is very simple, which is to save the country through learning science and engineering, but reality tells her that saving the country in industry was not feasible at that time.
On July 7, 1937, the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out, and the Japanese army quickly occupied Peiping. For a moment, people in Peking were panic and people fled one after another. Pu Qiongying's second sister Pu Daiying took the lead in going to Yan'an to participate in the revolution. Pu Qiongying and his third sister Pu Shiying also traveled from Peking to Tianjin, Jinan, and then to Xi'an, and followed his second sister to Yan'an.
In November, Pu Qiongying and his third sister Pu Shiying finally arrived at Yan'an, the revolutionary holy land.
Soon, Pu Qiongying was admitted to Shaanxi Northern Public School . In school, Pu Qiongying further studied courses such as Marxist philosophy, political economy, mass movement, etc., and his revolutionary thought was greatly improved.
The following year, Pu Qiongying gloriously joined the Communist Party of China.
After graduating from Shaanxi North Public School, Pu Qiongying was organized to work in the Anti-Japanese Base Area. Because of work needs, she changed her name to Zhuolin, and over time, she never changed her original name.
is just like Zhuo Lin's daughter Deng Rong said:
"The road from Pu Qiongying to Zhuo Lin may be less legendary and less exciting than many old revolutionaries. However, this path that is both ordinary and extraordinary is a common path taken by millions of progressive young people in pursuit of light, in order to devote themselves to the anti-Japanese war, and in order to move towards revolution."
Deng Xiaoping and Zhuo Lin's marriage was not smooth, because Zhuo Lin once rejected Deng Xiaoping twice.
Zhuo Lin once recalled:
"He (Deng Xiaoping) came back from the front and lived in the same cave with Deng Fa. I work in the Ministry of Public Security, and they often come to the Ministry of Public Security... He probably had an interest in me at that time, and I didn't know. He found a girlfriend who came to Yan'an with me and asked a girlfriend to talk to me, saying that he wanted to marry me, and asked me whether I agreed or not. That girlfriend talked to me twice, but I didn't want to."
Zhuo Lin said frankly and sincerely that she didn't know Deng Xiaoping at that time, and was worried that he was as low as many workers and peasants cadres at that time, and was afraid that he would not have a common language after marrying him, so she couldn't talk together. It is very realistic. After all, Zhuo Lin received a good education since she was a child. She went from elementary school to university, and she still studied in school before she went to work in the Anti-Japanese Base Area.
But Deng Xiaoping did not give up easily and thought to himself, if you don’t understand me, then let you understand me.
So, Deng Xiaoping no longer asked someone to talk to the matchmaker, but instead found Zhuo Lin to have a conversation, so that she could understand herself in depth.
He told Zhuo Lin all his previous experiences, how to study in France and the Soviet Union, how to come back and participate in the domestic revolutionary struggle, and the revolutionary experience in the Central Soviet Area and the Long March of ... he did not fall at all.
After some understanding, Zhuo Lin found that Deng Xiaoping was not as he thought before. He was not uneducated, but knowledge, ideals and ambitions. Zhuo Lin is also a straightforward person. She thought, since he is not bad, then let's get married.
In the autumn of 1939, a very simple but lively wedding was held in front of the cave where Mao Zedong lived in Yangjialing, Yan'an.
There were two couples at this wedding, Deng Xiaoping and Zhuo Lin, Kong Yuan and Xu Ming.
The wedding banquet has no delicacies, and what you usually eat and what you eat, but it is more particular about the usual platter. The bride and groom don't have suits and ties or wedding dresses, but simply wear patched Eighth Route Army uniforms .
Although the wedding is simple, everything looks so refreshed under the festive atmosphere. Everyone sat on a simple table made of wooden boards, and exchanged cups and poured wine to the groom one by one. A bright smile filled everyone's face, and everyone was sincerely happy for the two couples.
This wedding is not only a blessing to the two newlyweds, but also a practice for the soldiers who are about to go to the front line in a few days.
A few days later, Zhuo Lin followed Deng Xiaoping back to the anti-Japanese front line Taihang Mountain . Before setting off, the organization talked to her once and told her: "Your task is to take good care of Deng Xiaoping." Zhuo Lin kept this sentence in mind, and this sentence was 58 years of spring and autumn.
Since marrying Deng Xiaoping in 1939, Zhuo Lin has been following Deng Xiaoping's pace.
She followed Deng Xiaoping to fight against the Taihang Mountains and spent the arduous years of anti-"mopping up"sweeping" during the War of Resistance Against Japan; during the War of Liberation, she followed Liu and Deng's army through the Yellow River District, "Thousands of Miles to the Dabie Mountains", and went to the "Three Battles of " to fight the Yangtze River, until she marched to the southwest in 1948; later the war silenced, and she still took care of Deng Xiaoping without leaving any steps.
On the way to the headquarters of the 129th Division of Taihang Mountain, Deng Xiaoping always rushed forward, personally confirmed whether the front was safe, and always told everyone about the possible dangers on the road one by one, and taught everyone how to hide and have to exchange fire.
After everything was arranged, Deng Xiaoping called Zhuo Lin: "Come with me."
was like this, the troops slept in the open all the way, alerting the Japanese army to sweep the raid at all times. Under Deng Xiaoping's protection, Zhuo Lin also went up Taihang Mountain with the troops without any danger. After arriving in Taihang Mountain, Liu Bocheng saw the newlywed couple and joked humorously:
"Welcome Zhuo Lin from Yan'an's 'mother's family' to Taihang Mountain's 'woman's family'."
And the story of Deng Xiaoping protecting his wife for thousands of miles has also become a good story in Taihang Mountain.
The march was very difficult, but Zhuo Lin never complained. It is hard to imagine how she, who has always been with books, adapted to the arduous military life. In order to reach the destination as soon as possible and safely, the troops always rush on the road day and night. When the Japanese army entered the mountains and swept the country, they often took the big road. In order not to encounter the Japanese army, the troops could only carry some small roads.
And marching at night is extremely difficult for Zhuo Lin.
Once, Zhuo Lin's glasses were accidentally broken. In order not to delay the speed of the troops' marching, Zhuo Lin had to ask the comrades who were walking in front of her to help and ask her to wrap a circle of white cloth around her head. In the dark night, the white cloth in front becomes a white dot. If the white dot is high, it is an uphill road, and if the white dot is low, it is a downhill road. This is how Zhuo Lin groped through the entire journey.
Later, when Zhuo Lin recalled this past, he said with emotion: "When the night march, I didn't know whether I was asleep or awake. At that time, I thought that the happiest thing in the world is to find a flat place to have a good sleep."
During the Anti-Japanese War, Zhuo Lin gave birth to three children. However, there were many dangers during the march and it was impossible to take the child with him at all. Zhuo Lin fostered the child at the home of his fellow villager with tears in his eyes. This is the most heartbreaking test on the march.
In 1941, Zhuo Lin gave birth to her first child in Chi'an Village, She County, Hebei Province: Deng Lin.
But before the joy of becoming a mother lasted for a few days, Zhuo Lin had to foster the young Deng Lin, who had only been seven days old, in the home of ordinary people, endured the sadness of the separation of mother and daughter, and followed the troops without looking back.
When Zhuo Lin met his daughter again a year and a half later, Deng Lin was thin and small, and her clothes were dirty and torn, like a little beggar. But life at the fellow villager's home was also very difficult, and Zhuo Lin cried in tears with her daughter in her arms. Fortunately, he later asked someone to send his daughter back to Yan'an safely, and Deng Lin spent several years in Yan'an Nursing Hospital.
1944 and 1945, in the smoke of war, Zhuo Lin gave birth to two children: Deng Pufang and Deng Nan.
At that time, Zhuo Lin was running around all year round, and her body was always unable to replenish her nutrition, and she didn't have any milk at all. Zhuo Lin was very sad when she saw the child crying hungry, but the war was tight, and the two children were fostered in the home of fellow villagers like Deng Lin.It was not until I settled down in , Wu'an County, in October 1945 that my three children were brought to me, and the family of five finally had a reunion year together. The arduous struggle environment has enabled Zhuo Lin to transform from a rich lady to a proletarian revolutionary.
In 1952, Deng Xiaoping was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of the Central People's Government . In July, Deng Xiaoping and his family moved to Beijing.
It was also at this time that Deng Xiaoping asked Zhuo Lin: "Don't work outside, be cautious in words and deeds."
Zhuo Lin is not a person who loves to show off, so he became Deng Xiaoping's secretary.
Deng Xiaoping presided over the work of the Central Secretariat for 10 years. During these 10 years, Zhuo Lin has been working diligently as a secretary. Every time after registering the documents that Deng Xiaoping read, she would take a tricycle to the General Office for archives, and act simply and simply.
Deng Xianqun (Deng Xiaoping's sister) commented on her like this: "My sister-in-law never causes trouble for her brother, just do her job well."
Deng Xiaoping's biggest regret before his death was that he failed to see Hong Kong return to the motherland with his own eyes. On July 1, 1997, Zhuo Lin specially attended the Hong Kong Return to the ceremony to make up for Deng Xiaoping's regret.
On July 29, 2009, Zhuo Lin died in Beijing at 12:30 due to ineffective treatment of illness at the age of 93. It is worth mentioning that Zhuo Lin also signed a corneal donation volunteer during her lifetime, and she has always warned her children not to cause trouble to the country after she died...
From Yunnan to Yan'an, from students to revolutionary soldiers, from meeting Deng Xiaoping to getting married, and then spending storms together for fifty-eight years, Zhuo Lin's life has gone through twists and turns but is happy and happy.
The marriage between Comrade Deng Xiaoping and Comrade Zhuo Lin is happy and perfect, and is supported by each other.
Finally, it ends with a passage from the "Biography of Deng Xiaoping" published by former British Ambassador to China Richard Evans in 1990:
"Deng Xiaoping attended an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee in July 1939. Shortly after the meeting, he married his newlywed wife Pu Qiongying (later renamed Zhuo Lin)... She never asked for development on the political stage. She just stayed at home, took care of her husband, and raised the five children she gave birth to Deng Xiaoping from 1940 to 1952."
This woman standing behind a great man is worthy of admiration!
