Hello everyone, I am a crow.
Friends who follow Crow B station account and video may still have an impression. During the 2020 commemoration of the 470th anniversary of Resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, we invited the famous military history scholar and long documentary literature "The Vicissitudes of the Heart - From the 60th Army of the Kuomintang to the 50th Army of the Communist Party" ( Sichuan People's Publishing House 2017 reprint), the author of Gaogeli , and presented many wonderful content to everyone.
Teacher Gao Geli noticed a question worthy of in-depth thinking after the show.
He said that he found that in the video, there were several barrages of the screen full of "suddenly enlightened and enlightened" .
"This is strange !"
Because, "What I talk about is the basic historical fact of the Chinese revolution; the reason I talk about is the basic principle of the materialist view of history" .
But why are the audience so unfamiliar with ?
further observation found that some barrage repeatedly proposed that Teacher Gao Geli "talk more about history textbooks that do not have" .
This is even more strange!
Because "the Education Law stipulates that Marxism is the guiding ideology of our educational work. The materialist view of history is the only correct view of history , which is what Lenin said."
Then there are four possibilities: listening to the class is distracted, teaching is boring, textbook abstraction, textbook missing.
Teacher Gao Geli found the history textbook of the People's Education Press in 2007 and found that it was really "most impossible" "textbook missing" !
Teacher Gao Geli summarized the typical missing that is very harmful into missing "Five Histories and One View" :
1. The basic historical fact that shows the social roots of the agrarian revolution
2. The basic historical fact that shows the red army b1. The basic historical fact that the endogenous driving force of the development of the anti-trend
3. The institutional roots of the Kuomintang's loss of troops in the war of resistance Basic historical facts
4, basic historical facts that show the source of the liberation war's destruction of combat effectiveness
5, important historical facts that reveal the hypocritical nature of the "United Nations Army"
6, correct explanation of the materialist view of history
Teacher Gao Geli keenly discovered the historical education problem of the history textbooks missing "Five Histories and One View" to open the door to thieves. If this series of problems is not resolved seriously as soon as possible, we will lose the right to interpret the history of the Chinese revolution, jeopardize the historical education of several generations, and ultimately shake the historical foundation, legal foundation and moral foundation of the founding of the New China.
Today I bring you the sixth lesson of : The lack of history textbooks to correct interpretation of the materialist concept of historical .
1
The first five lectures we talked about the five major historical facts of the lack of history textbooks in the 2007. So, why is there such a lack?
has many reasons, I will only talk about two here.
The first reason is that history textbooks have problems grasping historical view .
What is the primary goal of the history course in the compulsory education stage? The Education Law has provisions and should be guided by Marxism-Leninism. The General Secretary has repeatedly emphasized that the curriculum textbooks must play the role of cultivating the soul and enhancing wisdom, and must uphold the guiding role of Marxism.
Marx's two major discoveries, one of which is materialist historical view . The materialistic view of history is the outline of history textbooks, and only the outline of can be clearly . The 2022 edition of the "Compulsory Education History Curriculum Standards" formulated by the Ministry of Education clearly stipulates that in the compulsory education stage, students are required to initially learn to view history under the guidance of the materialist view of history.
So, how did the revolutionary mentor explain the materialist view of history?
Let’s first look at Engels .Engels pointed out in his "Speech in front of Marx's Tomb" on March 17, 1883:
Just as Darwin discovered the development laws of the organic world, Marx discovered the development laws of human history, that is, a basic fact that has always been concealed by the complex ideology : people must first eat, drink, live, and wear before they can engage in politics, science, art, religion, etc.; so the direct production of material living materials, thus a certain stage of economic development of a nation or an era, constitutes the basis. People's national facilities, legal views, art, and even religious concepts are developed from this basis, and therefore, they must also be explained by this basis, rather than doing the opposite as in the past.
Lenin called the materialist view of history the only scientific historical view . In November 1914, in the article "Karl Marx", Lenin pointed out that has two touchstones for historical materialism and idealistic historical view . Lenin said this:
discovers the materialist view of history, or rather, implementing and promoting materialist in the field of social phenomena, eliminating two main shortcomings of 's previous historical theories . First, the previous historical theories only examined the ideological motivations of people's historical activities, but did not study the reasons for these motivations, and did not explore the objective regularity of the development of the social relationship system. did not regard the degree of development of material production as the root of these relationships; second, the previous theories never ignored the activities of residents and the activities of the masses. Only historical materialism for the first time allowed us to study the social conditions of the lives of the masses and the changes in these conditions with the accuracy of natural science.
So we believe that these two proposed by Lenin are two touchstones of historical view.
The first piece is to test the materialist view of history and the idealist view of history . What does the materialistic historical view advocate? Use social existence to explain social consciousness. The idealist view of history is the opposite, using social consciousness to explain social existence.
The second touchstone It talks about the materialistic view of history is A kind of people's historical view , which says that the people create history; the idealist view of history is actually a kind of heroic view of history , which advocates that heroes create history.
2
Let’s take a look at the 2007 People’s Education Press history textbook, how he expressed his materialistic view of history.
This textbook says in the compulsory 1 "Preface" :
In the long history of human civilization, political activities are an important part of human social life. By understanding these historical contents, we can correctly understand the major political struggles that have emerged in history, grasp the basic clues and laws of human social development, and understand that political change is the result of the joint role of various causes of social and historical development. Through a review of history, we can also more clearly grasp the political characteristics and future trends of China and the world today.
Next to talk about materialistic view :
Historical materialism tells us that everything is developed and connected with each other. After the seemingly chaotic historical appearance, there is actually an warp line composed of clues of historical development, and a latitude line woven by economic, ideological and cultural content related to politics.
He talks about one warp line and another weft line, so that it is necessary for students to master the time, things and latitude. But what is more important? It is . Students should initially learn to use history to read under the guidance of historical materialism. This is the goal requirement of the new curriculum standards.
2007 edition of the history textbook, which talks about the materialistic view of history in Elective 4 ("Unit V: Proletarian Revolutionary") - "Marx, the founder of Scientific Socialism". It is said in:
Marx and Engels also systematically explained the materialist historical view for the first time.The materialistic view of history is one of Marx's two great discoveries affirmed by Engels.
Just that sentence.
So, what is the problem with the expression of the materialistic view of history textbook in the 2007 People's Education Press? I summarize it as "three inappropriate" .
The first is concept misused . The basic connotations of historical materialism and historical materialism are the same, but the scope of application of the two is not consistent. The materialist historical concept is a historical concept, and historical materialism is a philosophical concept.
I mentioned earlier that in the "Preface", the history textbook talks about "historical materialism tells us". It uses a philosophical concept here. In the history textbook, you should use a historical (scientific) concept to tell it. You can also talk about the concept of philosophy and , but in the end you have to return to a historical (scientific) concept, and he should use the materialistic view of history. This is a misused concept.
The second is concept interpretation is inappropriate . How is it interpreted? He said that "historical materialism tells us that everything develops and connects with each other", which is wrong.
connection point of view, it is a basic principle of dialectics . If you have the opportunity, you can take a look at Lenin's " Philosophical Notes " and Engels' " Dialectics of Nature ". Lenin's "Philosophical Notes" tells us that universal connection is the basic principle of materialistic dialectics ; Engels' "Dialectics of Nature" calls dialectics a science of universal connection. Universal connection, it is a dialectical principle, and it has become the basic principle of materialist historical view. This is the inappropriate interpretation of the concept.
The third one is principle misuse . From its "Preface", it emphasizes the original intention of connection, perhaps according to the requirements of the curriculum standards, requiring students to master the stage characteristics of historical development and avoid confusion in timing. This is also true. But what is the problem? Textbooks avoid the line of time, matter and situation, which has its main trunk, and the direction of this main trunk has its inevitable historical laws. For example, why a revolution occurred and why it was able to win was more important than what revolution was.
So let’s give another specific example to see where he used it inappropriately.
In the 2007 edition of the History Textbook Compulsory 2, Lesson 10, "The Twilight Development of Chinese National Capitalism", he has this passage, which is also the connection between Jingwei and Wei, but it is separated from the main contradictions of society, so it is easy to lose the bias of . This preface says this:
The picture on the right is two sparks from the modern Chinese national match factory. The Chinese national match industry emerged in the late Qing Dynasty and developed in the Republic of China. During this period, there were many internal troubles and frequent external troubles. In the cracks between imperialism and feudalism, the Chinese national match industry has gone from nothing to something, and the craft has gone from backward to advanced, and its tenacious growth. What force supports it? These two sparks tell us that the patriotic spirit of self-improvement is the source of national matchmaking industry and the force that supports the development of national capitalism in China as a whole.
OK, let’s go back to the two touchstones of , which tests the materialistic view of history and the idealistic view of history, to test this passage.
According to the "preface", it is the patriotism that supports the national industry. What theory is this? Social consciousness determines social existence. Then, according to the "preface", the development of industry has nothing to do with the working people. What is this? Capital elites have made history. This is measured with two touchstones.
(if) View national capitalism in history of materialism, First of all, we must look at national capital objectively . It has a progressive side, but it also has a cruel side to squeeze workers and peasants.
Xia Yan 's " Contract Worker ", Mao Dun 's "rural trilogy" "Spring Silkworm", "Autumn Harvest" and "End Winter". From their works, we can see the fundamental reason for the development of capitalism : it is driven by interests, and it has a cruel price.
The second one is to look at national capital historically. It has made progress, compromise and reactionary in different historical stages. For example, , Jiangsu and Zhejiang Consortium, , supported Chiang Kai-shek Group to launch the April 12th counter-revolutionary coup, and for example, the differentiation during the War of Resistance Against Japan, this must be viewed historically, and cannot be summarized in a simple sentence "patriotic spirit".
The third one is to look at (national capital) . There is a saying in the "Preface" that is very well said. It (national capital) is subject to the double exploitation of imperialism and feudalism. Then (in) the gap between this double exploitation, it has an innate deficit, and this innate deficit determines its weakness and its two sides.
This is very detailed and specific in Mao Zedong's "Analysis of All Classes in Chinese Society".
Mao Dun's "Midnight" is related to a debate.
(Midnight) talks about the development of national capital. It is related to two debates. One is the nature of Chinese society. Is it semi-feudal semi-colonial society or capitalist society , and the second debate is Who will lead the Chinese revolution .
One statement is led by the Communist Party , which represents proletariat and the working masses; The second statement should also be led by the Kuomintang, which represents landlord bureaucratic capital ; the third one is to hope that there is a third force, neither relying on the Communist Party nor the Kuomintang, and yearning for the "democratic politics" of Europe and the United States.
He (Mao Dun) wrote the book Midnight against the background of these debates. This book reflects the innate shortcomings of Chinese national capital, which determines its two sides and its weakness.
And the summary of the "preface" in the textbook is inappropriate in its application of this historical view. History textbook, explains the materialistic view of history incorrectly, which is a big problem .
3
The history textbook of the People's Education Press in 2019 has been changed, but the "Preface" that tells the concept of history in 2007 has been deleted. However, it did not give a correct explanation . How do you ask students to grasp it? Although the 2019 People's Education Press history textbook deleted this ("Preface"), there are still three shortcomings.
The first one, did not tell students what materialistic historical concepts are at the beginning of the history course, and how to master , he did not tell (student).
Second, it only has a simple summary of the materialist view of history , which is submerged in the introduction of the life of Marx and Engels, as well as numerous theoretical contributions and revolutionary practices (content).
The third point is insufficient, it is lacks typical examples of using historical materialism to explain historical events .
So, history textbooks (we previously) talk about it, what is the reason for it missing the five basic historical facts of the Chinese revolution? There are many reasons, so we only analyze two points. What I just talked about is the first point. He has problems grasping the historical view. (first) is that he has not analyzed social existence to determine social consciousness. The second is that (the) explanation of the people’s history creation is not in place. As a result of
, the children trained tend to focus on memorization and memorization. What is the warp line and what is the weft line? patted his head and memorized the lines .What is the big consequence of this kind of consequence? Anti-China forces will take the opportunity to fill the position. If you are absent, others will come to fill the position. uses the idealist historical view and the heroic historical view to explain the history of the Chinese revolution , which is called open the door to invite thieves .
What I just analyzed is that (the history textbooks lack the five basic historical facts of the Chinese revolution) The first reason is that the history textbooks interpret the materialist view of history. It has major shortcomings and is wrongly explained.
The second reason is that there is a problem with the editor . Just to give one example, Yuan Tengfei, who once publicly insulted the volunteer army martyr Mao Anying, is among the writers of history textbooks.
OK. That’s all I can share with you about the understanding of history textbooks. I hope you will criticize and correct the wrong things. I just play a role in attracting jade. Thank you.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-