In December 1936, the Xi'an Incident broke out. Zhou Enlai, as a representative of the Communist Party of China, went deep into the tiger's den, visited Xi'an in person, and presided over the overall situation.
As soon as he arrived in Xi'an, Luo Ruiqing fell during a patrol mission, his mouth full of blood. He hurriedly ran to the opposite side of Zhang's mansion where Zhou Enlai lived and found a dentist to see a doctor.
Unexpectedly, the doctor was arrested by Luo Ruiqing after he finished his treatment. The security personnel of the Northeast Army asked him the reason. Luo Ruiqing explained: "He is going to assassinate Vice Chairman Zhou!"
What happened at that time? How did Luo Ruiqing know that the dentist was going to assassinate Zhou Enlai? All this starts before the outbreak of the Xi'an Incident...
pic | Luo Ruiqing
1. Going to Xi'an with a heavy responsibility
Since Zhang Xueliang , Yang Hucheng and the CCP reached an agreement to "stop the civil war and jointly fight against Japan", the three parties are actively preparing for the anti-Japanese war, but only Chiang Kai-shek is still insisting on implementing the reactionary policy of "first to calm the country before fighting against foreign countries".
Although Chiang Kai-shek sent people to negotiate with the Communist Party of China many times, he was still concentrating his efforts on "suppressing the Communist Party" behind his back and suppressing Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng and the Communist Party of China's Anti-Japanese National Saving Movement .
Seeing that he was so obsessed, Zhang and Yang decided to launch a "military remonstrance"!
On December 4, 1936, Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Xi'an on a special plane and checked in Huaqing Pond in Lintong. As soon as he got off the plane, he called Xi'an's "anti-communist" elements Chen Cheng, , Zhu Shaoliang, Chen Tiaoyuan and others, asking them to lead the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army to continue to "suppress the Communist Party."
Chiang Kai-shek gave Zhang Xueliang two ways: one was to obey orders and resolutely "suppress the Communist Party"; the other was to lead troops south and hand over the military power. Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng were neither willing to "suppress the Communist Party" nor were they willing to go south and were eliminated by Chiang Kai-shek. The two decided to fight against Chiang Kai-shek for the last time in Huaqingchi!
In the afternoon of that day, Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng and Chiang Kai-shek gathered at Huaqing Pond, where the Tang Minghuang and Yang Guifei had a happy bath.
Zhang Xueliang made it straight to the point that the current national crisis must be in the face of the country, and he must unite with Red Army and be united to the outside world. The anti-Japanese sentiment of the soldiers of the Northeast Army is very high and cannot be suppressed!
Yang Hucheng also said that the overall situation should be put first, and hopes that the chairman can consider the life and death of the country more. The two of them cooperated very well, and Chiang Kai-shek was criticized for a long time and could not speak.
After a while, Chiang Kai-shek interrupted the two of them angrily and said angrily: "Now you just kill me with a gun, and my plan to 'suppress the Communist' will not change."
As soon as these words came out, the Huaqing Pool was silent. Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng looked at each other, and they were already clear.
Picture | Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng took a photo
December 9 of the same year, which happened to be the first anniversary of the "Dec.9" movement. More than 10,000 students in Xi'an held a massive demonstration and asked the National Government to rise up to fight against Japan and recover lost territory.
The student was unable to get a reply for a long time, so he decided to form a team to Lintong to question Chiang Kai-shek in person. In a panic, Chiang Kai-shek called Zhang Xueliang and asked him to lead his troops to suppress the student movement, "If you don't follow me, kill me, don't worry."
Zhang Xueliang hurried to the front of the parade and said to the students sincerely and excitedly: "Students, please believe me, I, Zhang Xueliang, have the same thoughts and the same heart as you. Your demands are my demands, and I am even more urgent than you! Please give me a week and I will definitely give you a satisfactory reply."
That night, Zhang Xueliang told Chiang Kai-shek all the opinions he collected from the student. It would be fine if Chiang Kai-shek ignored it, and even scolded Zhang Xueliang for betraying the party and the country and actually speaking for several students.
Then, Chiang Kai-shek drove Zhang Xueliang out and turned to deploy a new "suppression of the Communist Party". Once the deployment is completed, the Northeast Army and the 17th Route Army will leave Xi'an and go to the front line to fight the Red Army.Late at night on the night of
11, a candle was faintly burned in Huaqing Pool. Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng changed into brand new military uniforms and secretly made an oath under the portrait of Sun Yat-sen, determined to hold military advice to establish the " Anti-Japanese National United Front "!
html At dawn on 12th, Zhang Xueliang sent people to capture Chiang Kai-shek in the Lishan Cave in Lintong and detained him in the new city building in Xi'an City. Yang Hucheng and the 17th Route Army seized Chen Cheng, Zhu Shaoliang, Wei Lihuang and others who lived in the Xijing Guesthouse.At 10 a.m., Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, who had successfully advised each other, jointly sent a telegram to the whole country:
"The northeast has fallen for five years, the national power has overwhelmed the wild, and the territory has been shrinking... Chairman Jiang abandoned the people and misled the country deeply. Yesterday, Xi'an students held a patriotic movement, which prompted the police to shoot and kill patriotic children, disregarding human ethics, Xueliang could not bear to sit idly by and advised Mr. Jie to the last admonishment!" After the telegram was issued, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng called Song Ching Ling , Liu Zongren, Bai Chongxi , Feng Yuxiang , Fu Zuoyi and other forces to explain the truth and solicit opinions.
After all this, the two of them reported the matter to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and invited the Communist Party of China to send people to Xi'an to "discuss the country's affairs together."
That night, Mao Zedong, the Supreme Leader of the Communist Party of China, held an emergency meeting to discuss the nature and situation of the Xi'an Incident. Finally, he decided to form a delegation headed by Zhou Enlai to go to Xi'an to participate in the negotiations.
Luo Ruiqing, the education director of the China Anti-Japanese Red Army University, was elected as one of the members of the delegation and followed Zhou Enlai to Xi'an with Bogu, Ye Jianying, Deng Fa, Li Kenong and others.
For safety reasons, Zhang Xueliang sent a special plane to pick it up and drop it off. Luo Ruiqing quickly mobilized students to build a simple apron on the open space in front of the Red Army University.
The night before departure, the Security Military Commission compound was very lively. When he learned that Chiang Kai-shek was arrested by Zhang Xueliang, the comrade was so excited that he never slept all night, and the soldiers happily celebrated the event.
At that time, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai and other important leaders of the Communist Party of China were resting in a cave. Ye Zilong while giving a report, everyone was discussing it.
Zhu De excitedly calculated how many revolutionary comrades Chiang Kai-shek killed since the April 12th coup, and how many innocent comrades have been implicated in ten years of "suppression of the Communist Party". This blood-debt "Jiang deserves damn" is really worth damn!
On the day of departure, the special plane sent by Zhang Xueliang arrived as scheduled. When Luo Ruiqing went to contact him, the local county town refused to cooperate, so the plane could only turn around and flew to Yan'an.
pic | Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai was not angry when he saw this, turned to Luo Ruiqing and said, "Let's ride around the county."
On that day, the security guard fell particularly heavy snow. The wind and snow were blowing so hard that people couldn't open their eyes. The strong wind on the Loess Plateau was biting cold. Zhou Enlai didn't say a word and rode his horse at the front of the team.
There are more than 170 miles from the security guard to Yan'an. The ditches and narrow roads are all the way, and many sections of the road cannot ride horses, which leads to a very slow pace of progress. It took only 80 miles to walk all day.
On the evening, Zhou Enlai, Luo Ruiqing and others stayed in a small village along the way. In the early morning of the 15th, the wind and snow finally stopped. The team continued to set off and soon arrived at Lanjiaping outside the north gate of Yan'an.
At that time, the Kuomintang county magistrate and militia were stationed in Yan'an City, and the Red Army was not allowed to enter. The plane sent by Zhang Xueliang landed at the East Suburb Airport. After waiting for a day, he saw that the CCP delegation did not come and returned to Xi'an.
Hearing this, Luo Ruiqing asked dejectedly, "Vice Chairman Zhou, what should I do? Let's have a waste of time?"
Zhou Enlai opened the map, pondered for a moment, pointed to Ganquan on the map and said, "Let's borrow a car from the Northeast Army and take a car to Xi'an!"
16, everyone rode their horses from Lanjiaping and walked towards Ganquan. After walking for most of the day, the roar of the plane suddenly came from the sky. Zhou Enlai stood there and looked closely, and quickly asked someone to spread the red flag. After a while, the plane landed not far away.
It turned out that the Kuomintang county magistrate in Yan'an City reported the matter to Zhang Xueliang, and Zhang Xueliang sent someone to pick him up. After many twists and turns, Zhou Enlai, Luo Ruiqing and his group finally came to Xi'an.
Picture | Zhang Xueliang
After arriving in Xi'an, the CCP delegation did not rest and quickly entered the working state.
Zhou Enlai is responsible for in-depth conversations with Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, while Luo Ruiqing is responsible for contact and security work.
After a day of investigation, Luo Ruiqing came to report the situation to Zhou Enlai.
"Vice Chairman Zhou, Yang Hucheng and Zhang Xueliang only wanted to force Chiang Kai-shek to fight against Japan, but there was a difference between killing and not killing in the city, especially many officers of the Northeast Army, who wanted to kill Chiang Kai-shek as soon as possible!"
At that time, the soldiers of the Northeast Army believed that if Chiang Kai-shek had not adopted the "No Resistance" policy and forced the Northeast Army to withdraw from the three northeastern provinces without firing a shot, , perhaps the hometown would not have been taken away by the Japanese.
"Xi'an is now a muddy pool. He Yingqin wants to solve the problem by force, but the Song family wants to solve the problem through negotiation..." Zhou Enlai added.
"Oh, I went out to inquire for a day. A large number of Japanese spies, British and American spies, and Kuomintang intelligence personnel were all active in the city. Some people within the Northwest Army also began to plan the assassination of Chiang Kai-shek..." Luo Ruiqing said.
"He Yingqin wanted to replace Chiang Kai-shek, which was expected. In short, we will promote our military policies more in the Northwest Army and the Northeast Army, stabilize the masses' sentiment, and do a good job in united front work for Li Zongren, , Bai Chongxi and others, strictly prevent spies from all walks of life, and there are too many people who want to come out and cause trouble!" Zhou Enlai said seriously.
At this time, Xi'an City was simply a tiger's den. Not only was Chiang Kai-shek's life and safety under threat, but even Zhou Enlai was exposed to danger. Luo Ruiqing, who was good at disguising, patrolled the Zhang Mansion where Zhou Enlai was staying, to beware of the opportunity that the enemy could take advantage of.
Unexpectedly, he was secretly infiltrated by the enemy...
Picture | Xi'an Zhang Mansion
2. He wants to assassinate Vice Chairman Zhou
Outside Zhang Mansion, there is always a farmer wearing a short coat of coarse cloth and a towel tied on his head wandering back and forth. No one would have thought that he would be the future Minister of Public Security Luo Ruiqing.
A few days later, Zhou Enlai was staying in Zhang Mansion, and a clinic for dental diseases was opened opposite him. This incident aroused Luo Ruiqing's suspicion.
At that time, Zhang Xueliang was responsible for the safety in Zhang Mansion, but Luo Ruiqing was responsible for the safety outside the museum. In order to investigate the details of this dental clinic, Luo Ruiqing put on makeup and became a farmer who went to the city to sell dates and sat at the entrance of the clinic with a shoulder pole.
He specially found a few soldiers from the Northeast Army to act, pretending to drive away the vendors, Luo Ruiqing nodded and shouted at the boss, grabbed several handfuls of dates, and sent the Northeast Army away. At the entrance of the dental clinic, Luo Ruiqing sat for 8 hours and sold out the dates and found no flaws.
The doctors in the clinic are very skilled in medical skills and have good reputations in the neighborhood, but several patients have attracted Luo Ruiqing's attention.
These patients have fair skin and elegant manners. They are obviously well-educated people, but they are all wearing shabby coarse cloth clothes, which looks very inconsistent.
To be cautious, Luo Ruiqing decided to find someone to go to the clinic to investigate in person.
He immediately put away his shoulder pole and returned to Zhang's mansion, asking the soldiers present if there were any toothaches. Someone said he needed to go to the dentistry. Luo Ruiqing hurriedly took him to the outside of the clinic opposite Zhang's mansion and instructed earnestly: "I suspect they are spies. Be careful when you go to see a doctor."
The comrade nodded and went in. Half an hour later, he came back with two packs of medicine, and then said to Luo Ruiqing, "It should be a serious doctor, and he is very professional in treating and taking medicine."
Hearing this, Luo Ruiqing lowered his head and pondered for a while.
The next day, Luo Ruiqing carried a shoulder pole full of dates, found a place where no one was around, knocked hard to the ground, knocking himself to the bloody mouth, and then covered his mouth and walked into the dental clinic.
There was a dentist in his fifties and sixties who had white hair and said authentic Northeast dialect , Luo Ruiqing covered his mouth and said vaguely, "Doctor, I just fell down and knocked off my teeth. Please help me see."
The dentist immediately stood up, took out the instrument and gestured to Luo Ruiqing's mouth for a long time, then prescribed two boxes of medicine and handed it to Luo Ruiqing, and instructed: "Be careful in the future, teeth will be a lifelong thing. No matter how good the golden teeth are, they will not be as good as the set given by their parents. "
Luo Ruiqing immediately nodded and thanked, and then pretended to be curious and asked, "Doctor, are you from the Northeast?" "
The dentist said while tidying up the utensils: "Come from Shenyang. After the 918th Incident, Jiang Jiang gave the Northeast to the Japanese, so we had to run out. "
Luo Ruiqing put the medicine into his pocket, pointed to a painting on the wall and said, "Who is hanging on your wall? Why do clinics hang this painting? "
The doctor looked up and replied, "Sun Simiao , our ancient Chinese Medicine King ! "
Luo Ruiqing smiled and then asked, "Sun Simiao? When did you get the person? Why do you all admire him? "
The doctor replied confidently: "It was from the Qin Dynasty. He has a deep research on medical skills and is our ancestor. ”
Hearing this, Luo Ruiqing immediately noticed something was wrong, but he still asked calmly: “I think he looks like a Zhejiang native. "
Doctor smiled and shook his head and replied: "He is from Shaanxi, Hancheng and his tomb! "
After saying this, Luo Ruiqing hurriedly thanked him, and while paying the medical expenses, he said, "Thank you, doctor, I have really gained some knowledge today. ”
After coming out of the dentist clinic, Luo Ruiqing had no time to take medicine, so he hurriedly found the Northeast Army's security personnel and said to them: "I discovered a Japanese spy! I asked him Sun Simiao, who was obviously from , Tang Dynasty , but he said he was from Qin Dynasty. He was from Yaoxian, Shaanxi, but he said he was from Hancheng. How could an old Chinese doctor in his fifties and sixties not even know these? I saw him lurking opposite Zhang’s mansion to assassinate Vice Chairman Zhou! "
The security personnel of the Northeast Army were incredible when they heard this, because they also heard about the dentist's superb medical skills. They didn't look like a spy, but they still sold Luo Ruiqing to face and arrested the dentist.
After careful interrogation, the dentist was indeed a Japanese spy. His mission was to investigate the Xi'an incident and then find an opportunity to assassinate Zhou Enlai.
The security personnel of the Northeast Army gave Luo Ruiqing a thumbs up and said in admiration: "You Communists are so powerful. We look up and see him every day, but we didn't find it. Thanks to you, the consequences will be unimaginable! "
Picture | Luo Ruiqing
3. The sky fell and there was Luo Changzi
Not long after this incident, Luo Ruiqing became the head of the People's Movement Section of the Political Department of the Northeast Army Headquarters. At the beginning of his tenure, he actively assisted the Provisional Northwest Military Commission in accordance with the social security regulations formulated by Zhou Enlai to rectify public opinion tools such as radio stations, newspapers and magazines in Xi'an.
, especially in the promotional content, strengthened positive publicity of current affairs and constantly criticized the lies of "pro-Japanese faction".
Luo Ruiqing ran around every day, busy every day. In order to clarify the Xi'an Incident, he personally hosted famous Chinese and foreign figures such as American progressive writer Smedley and British journalist Bertrand, and asked them to send more messages to the domestic and foreign countries, introduce the facts in Xi'an, and expand their international influence.
, the efforts of Luo Ruiqing in Luo Ruiqing Next, the public opinion on the Xi'an Incident gradually became positive.
Unexpectedly, just when things were about to get better, the "Thunder and Lightning Society" incident suddenly broke out.
, the Northeast Military Scholars Team, , had several young officers. They found a secret radio station in the club where Chiang Kai-shek lived. These passionate young people opened a radio station without asking for instructions and named it. For the "Thunder and Lightning Society", they hope that this radio station can clear the haze like lightning.
Several young people spread a lot of false news to the whole country through the radio, claiming that "the red flag is planted throughout the ancient city of Xi'an, and the revolution is vigorous." These fanatical remarks provide excuse for the pro-Japanese faction to create political rumors.
After Zhou Enlai learned about it, he immediately ordered Luo Ruiqing to launch an investigation. Luo Ruiqing immediately invited several members of the Thunder and Lightning Society to his office.
Faced with these young people who were not yet mature in their thoughts but were passionate about the revolution, Luo Ruiqing first pointed out seriously that their actions had a very bad impact on the Communist Party and the two generals Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng.
Members of the Thunder and Lightning Club were deeply shocked when they heard the news. Then Luo Ruiqing explained to them why the Communist Party opposed "killing Chiang" and why it advocated "forcing Chiang to resist Japan."
After listening to Luo Ruiqing's story, members of the Thunder and Lightning Club decided to close the radio immediately and return to the army to seriously publicize the Communist Party's propositions.
pic | Luo Ruiqing (first from left) talked with the Kuomintang representative
In order to stabilize the morale of the Northeast Army, Luo Ruiqing organized an anti-Japanese propaganda team, organized a total of 5 brigades, and scattered to various troops of the Northeast Army to do propaganda work.
Luo Ruiqing pointed out that the "Eight Propositions" put forward by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng and the Communist Party's anti-Japanese national united front policy should be guided, and from theory to practice, we should report to troops at all levels in an easy-to-understand manner, so that all team members can inspire them.
With the efforts of the propaganda team, the calls within the Northeast Army that strongly demanded "kill Chiang Kai-shek" gradually stabilized.
In addition to these tasks, Luo Ruiqing did not forget his job and defended Zhou Enlai's safety. He went deep into the spy base several times to investigate, arrested several lurking spies, and safeguarded Zhou Enlai's personal safety during the Xi'an Incident.
On December 24, the peace negotiations between Xi'an and Nanjing were basically reached. Zhou Enlai met Chiang Kai-shek in person, and Luo Ruiqing also participated in the meeting. This was the first time Luo Ruiqing met Chiang Kai-shek since graduating from , the Wuhan Branch of the Whampoa Military Academy in 1926.
I thought the Xi'an Incident could be resolved peacefully, but I didn't expect that Zhang Xueliang was detained after escorting Chiang Kai-shek back to Nanjing. The domestic situation became tense again, especially Xi'an was divided into two factions of "war and harmony".
Under Zhou Enlai's instructions, Luo Ruiqing used his accumulated experience in the Northeast Army to find Sun Mingjiu, the core figure of the "pro-war faction", and explained to the other party that the Communist Party hoped to resolve the dispute peacefully, promote the anti-Japanese national united front, and oppose the behavior of killing each other within the Northeast Army and ignoring the overall situation.
On February 4, 1937, Nanjing and Xi'an reached an agreement in Tongguan . The Xi'an Incident was finally resolved. The CCP delegation also completed its mission well. After three months of intense security work, Luo Ruiqing took a special plane back to Yan'an with Zhou Enlai.
pic | Luo Ruiqing
After the founding of New China, Luo Ruiqing was ordered to form the Ministry of Public Security and serve as the first Minister of Public Security, making great contributions to the reconstruction of order, legal system and public security management in New China.
Luo Ruiqing once again exerted his spirit during the Xi'an Incident, went deep into the enemy camp, and repeatedly destroyed the armed riots and conspiracy rebellion initiated by US-Chiang spies and mainland counter-revolutionaries.
Peaceful liberation of Peking At the beginning, the US-Chiang spies arranged a large number of spies to enter Beijing and equipped them with advanced spy tools and a large number of weapons and ammunition. Among them, Li Andong, the Beijing agent of Tianjin Lao Shichang Company, was one of the lurking spy leaders.
Before the People's Liberation Army entered the city, Li Andong deliberately hid an mortar and shells in disaster relief supplies and transported it into Beiping City .
In January 1950, Lee Andong and Japanese spy Yamaguchi Takaichi plotted to formulate a top-secret plan to "blame Tiananmen" at the National Day ceremony. The plan was approved by the headquarters of the US Occupation Army in Tokyo, Japan. The CIA required the Kuomintang to send people to invade the Communist Party's organs and protect Lee Andong.
But no matter how the reactionary enemy specialists disguised themselves, they could not escape Luo Ruiqing's eyes. On September 16, the specific plan for their bombardment was intercepted by Luo Ruiqing. After Mao Zedong found out, he waved his hand and said confidently: "Whether bombing or grenade , the military parade will still be parades and parades!"
At this time, there were only 4 days left before the National Day parade. Luo Ruiqing immediately deployed the plan and arrested Yamaguchi Takaichi and Li Andong, seizing a large number of shells and guns and ammunition, including more than 1,000 materials such as the address of the central leaders, the heads of democratic parties, and the license plate number. Then Luo Ruiqing followed the clues and destroyed their spy network.
pic | Luo Ruiqing
On October 1, 1950, the National Day military parade was successfully held. Luo Ruiqing proved to Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou with practical actions that he would never give reactionary enemy specialists any opportunity to take advantage of them.
Chairman Mao trusts Luo Ruiqing very much and once commented on him like this: "The sky falls, and Luo's eldest son is holding on."
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