There have been many puzzles in the history of the Soviet Union, and " Beria Incident " is one of the most eye-catching ones.
Because during the Stalin period, Beria was a figure who covered the sky with one hand. After he was executed, there were various rumors about him. However, many facts were not disclosed publicly by the Soviet Union, which further cast a mystery to the incident.
A person who disappeared from " Soviet encyclopedia "
How bizarre is this life called Beria? It can be seen from the subsequent content released.
As early as the 1920s, Beria led the Caucasus Anti-Counterfeiting Committee and began to show her strengths.
By 1931, he was already the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia, and seven years later he became Minister of the Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs. In the years after
, in addition to being in power, his jurisdiction not only included industrial products such as coal and oil, but also covered the production of aircraft, tanks, and various weapons. In addition to his military rank as "marshal", these all made him call the wind and rain in the Soviet Union.
Based on the background of the Soviet Union, Beria must obtain all this with the consent of one person: Stalin.
In other words, Belia must have been favored by Stalin. Later, he himself also had the title of " Secret Police leader", which was obviously loyal to Stalin.
So what extent did Stalin trust him? Give an example to illustrate: Beria served as the chairman of the Special Committee of the National Defense Commission after World War II , responsible for leading and developing atomic bomb .
Whether internally or externally, Belia has absolute say.
In the summer of 1953, Germany was extremely uneasy, and a strike broke out in the workers there against the "Soviet occupying forces."
When the fierceness occurred, several workers and police broke out in conflicts in two days, and many workers fell in a pool of blood.
In the outside world's view, most people believe that this was a conflict between workers and the police due to survival problems. However, after historians digged the matter, they found that it was planned by Belia, the head of the secret police of the Soviet Union.
The results of historians' investigation are: Due to Stalin's death, Belia planned to sell East Germany to the Western world for US$20 billion, because the Soviet Union urgently needed this money to restore the economy that was destroyed by the war. In Beria's eyes, the Germans destroyed the Soviet economy during World War II, and this account should be counted on Germany.
Then study the previous history. Some historians also believe that Stalin had plans to promote Germany's reunification, but Germany must remain neutral after unification.
Stalin did not succeed in operation, and Beria did not. This was not only caused by external reasons, but also related to Beria's condition at that time.
Stalin's death directly made Beria, who had early accumulation, become the second-person in the party, second only to Chairman of the Council of Ministers Malenkov . At this time, Beria also began to show his strength through a series of measures.
He first focused on various "unfair and false cases" in the Soviet Union, especially cases with certain influence such as "doctor cases" and "Minglier cases" were re-examined by him, and many people involved in major cases were able to restore their honors. The effects of these practices are also very obvious: they break the social and political deadlock and increase the prestige of the Stalin-era leader group in the post-Starin era.
In addition, he also wanted to further enhance his influence through the "amnesty". When dealing with these problems, Beria also "takes too much", because neither he nor other leaders could quickly get out of the legacy of the Stalin era. In terms of internal affairs, Beria also has some practices aimed at reforming household registration management and improving ethnic policies, many of which played a great role in Soviet society.
Some positive impacts of society actually illustrate a problem: Although there are some problems with Beria's drastic reforms, it can also be seen that after Stalin's death, no matter who takes over the country's power, it is necessary to reform the original highly centralized management model to meet the will of the people.
In the eyes of many Soviet elites, Beria has many problems, and it is also full of suspicion, dissatisfaction and fear.
Not long after, on June 26, 1953, Beria was suddenly arrested while attending the presidium of the CPC Central Committee in Kremlin . Beria, who was originally in power, obviously did not realize the situation, and the troops that took action were not small: Zhukov Marshal's special armed group.
Later, even the famous Russian historian Naomov commented: "This is unprecedented in the history of the Soviet Union."
In the following days, Beria disappeared for a long time. It was not until July 10 of that year that the Soviet Union's " Pravda " published a relatively simple report, but all the details were not disclosed, and the suspicion in the market began to appear from then on.
The truth gradually emerged because of Khrushchev 's memoir.
In his memoir, Khrushchev admitted that he raised the dangers of Beria to Malenkov and persuaded Malenkov to oppose Beria together. They adopted the "fission" conversation, persuaded more and more senior Soviet officials to target Beria together, which eventually put Beria in a dilemma.
After Belia was arrested, she was first taken to the confinement room of the Moscow garrison troops, and the next day she was transferred to the warehouse of the Air Defense Command.
There are no archives to follow about many details now, but there is a draft speech collected in the Presidential Archives of the Russian Federation, with some records.
can be found according to the results shown in this document. At that time, there was no detailed record of what kind of crimes Beria committed. It was just condemning Belia and his assistants for putting the power of the Ministry of Internal Affairs above the government, which eventually led to the opportunity of abuse of power in the Ministry of Internal Affairs to conduct illegal activities.
Therefore, Beria was removed from his post and the honors and medals he received in the past were also cancelled. He himself was sent to the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union for trial.
The Soviet Attorney General Lu Jianko is responsible for the investigation of the "Beria Incident". It is worth mentioning that he was promoted by Khrushchev.
By the end of the year, the Supreme Procuratorate of the Soviet Union also issued a notice announcing the completion of the investigation of the Beria case and repeated Beria's crimes again.
Of course, the verdict of Beria is also secret. The final result is: Beria and her accomplices are sentenced to death penalty , property is confiscated, no appeal is allowed, and immediate execution is carried out. The
process may also have many complex details, but the result is a foregone conclusion. With Beria falling, this case that has been implicated can also come to an end.
tragic ending
Major Gulvich Previously worked in the Kremlin for defense, and he was also included in those who were ordered to take care of Beria and execute the death penalty.
In his memory, Gulvich lived next door to him from the time Beria was escorted to a basement in the center of Moscow until the six months after he was tried.
During those days, Belia's "cell" was only 20 square meters, and there was not even a window around.
Gulvic also received a task to take care of Beria's life. During those days, Beria's most common words were: "I am innocent and will be released soon. After I am released, I will definitely repay you well."
By the end of the year, Beria went to court, and Gulvic was always with her.
After learning that Belia was sentenced to death, Gulvic also bought him a black suit so that he could wear it during the death penalty.The day when
was executed was also impressive to Gulvic.
On the same day, it was Gulvic who handcuffed Beria himself and sent him to another room in the basement where five other officers were waiting.
may have been together for more than half a year, and at this time, only Gulvich could trust. He still told me: "You must notify my son with the news."
also came to execute the death penalty, including the Soviet Air Force Chief of Staff Lieutenant General Batsky . After the execution began, the lieutenant general fired the first shot at Belia at close range, and then he ordered other team members responsible for the execution of the death penalty to continue shooting at Belia.
At that time, Gulvic was also in the team, and he raised his gun and fired about 2 meters away from Belia.
After the execution of Beria, the officers left the scene as soon as possible, leaving only Gulvich alone to rescue the aftermath.
Gulvic wrapped Beria's body in canvas and then sent it to the crematorium. At the scene, Gulvic personally sent Beria's body to the incinerator, and even the ashes were raised by a hair dryer.
At this point, this matter is over. As for how many people can testify about this matter, it is probably unknown.
The reason why the "Beria case" became a mystery in the Soviet Union is obviously that there are still many doubts that have not been properly resolved. Even if the information provided by the official is still incomplete.
For example, Beria's handprint was not left in the case file, and those in power went through the process of trial Beria. It is obviously not normal to miss this crucial procedure.
In addition, there is no latest photo of Belia in the case file, which does not comply with the provisions of Soviet laws. Among the photos that can be found, there is only one who looks 10 years younger than Belia back then. You can see at a glance that this was not taken by Belia when she was in prison.
In addition, there are some various problems, and you can suspect that it is not Beria himself. Scholars related to
have studied that it took more than ten days from the time Belia was arrested to the announcement of the decision to arrest Belia, and this situation has never happened in the history of the Soviet Union.
"Interrogation Record" records marked the last date of August 26, and there were no other records at that time by the end of the year.
combined with all this, a shocking conclusion also came from some scholars: Beria is likely to be executed immediately after the interrogation. The "Beria" in the formal trial and execution of the firing after may no longer exist. From the perspective of the authorities, no one will investigate, so there is no need to add relevant documents.
According to Gulvic, Beria asked him to explain something to his son, and Beria did have a son named Sergo.
Shergo later wrote a book with a simple and simple name, "My Father Beria". There is a sentence in the book
: Whether in December, November, October, September and July, Beria cannot write a letter of confession to Comrade Khrushchev who is rushing to the peak of power, nor can he provide relevant testimony, because he was killed in Moscow on June 26, 1953, without trial or investigation.
After this statement was made, the "Beria case" became even more confused.
If what Sergo said is correct, then who is the "Beria" that appeared on June 26?
This has a completely new saying: the person who was detained and shot later, that is, Beria, who Gulvic encountered, was actually his substitute. An explanation like
is not just a speculation, but someone can provide corresponding evidence.
A member of the Soviet Inquisition told his son: "I have never seen Beria alive once."
Moreover, after "Beria" was detained in the basement, she always wore a hat that could hold her ears. The surrounding windows were painted, and he was not visible outside and upstairs.
Of course, the person who proposed this statement also raised a question that could not be answered by the other party: Why are the other prisoners in the "Beria case" all detained in the prison of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, but only Beria was detained in a basement in Moscow? Isn't this afraid that the fake Beria will be recognized?
Combined with the content in Khrushchev's memoirs, everything seems to be very easy to explain.
Khrushchev's previous motives were already very obvious, but For him, if he wants to do this, he must have such a process.
"Beria needs to die" ending cannot be changed, but no one can stand up to say whether Beria was executed after the trial, or was executed as early as June.
In any case, if a high-level second-level figure disappeared for no reason, it will be difficult to explain to the outside world. Khrushchev must have thought about this.
I am afraid that only Khrushchev knows all the details of the specific details.
reference
1953 East Berlin riot: The Soviet Union wants to sell East Germany for 20 billion yuan. Global Times
Cutting Beria was a coup instigated by Khrushchev. Zheng Yifan Contemporary World Socialism Issues
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