is reproduced from the WeChat official account of "Zhongwen Cai".
Content introduction
"Huzhou Road Household Registration Documentary Book in the Yuan Dynasty", edited by Wang Xiaoxin, Zheng Xudong and Wei Yile, published by the China Book Bureau in January 2021. This book records and schedules of the "Strategies for the Renovation of Mutual Annotations" according to the common format of ancient Chinese books, and compiles the registration materials for a total of 901 households in Huzhou Road in the Yuan Dynasty. This is the largest batch of Yuan Dynasty household registration documents known to the academic community, with unprecedented scale and completeness. This batch of data shows the overall appearance of household registration registration in Jiangnan area in the Yuan Dynasty, and provides new and precious literature for the study of household registration systems in the Yuan Dynasty and Song Dynasty, taxation, population, handicrafts, agriculture and population structure in the Yuan Dynasty.
Author introduction
Wang Xiaoxin, now a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of History at Nankai University. He also serves as a director of the China Mongolian History Society and vice president of the China Yuan History Research Association. He mainly engages in teaching and scientific research on the history of the Mongolian and Yuan dynasties, ancient Chinese history, and national history of China. The main research directions include Mongolian and Yuan dynasties politics, military system, historical materials and ancient books in the Yuan Dynasty.
Zheng Xudong, a doctorate in the School of History of South University, and is currently a graduate of the School of History of Northwest University. His research directions include Yuan History and Economic History.
Wei Yile is a PhD in the School of History from South China University of Technology. He is currently a graduate of the School of Applied Arts and Sciences of Beijing United University. His research directions include Yuan History and Literature.
directory
Preface
official document paper printing refers to an ancient book that was used to use the bank paper that was scrapped at that time in ancient China and was engraved and printed on the back of it into other books. Qu Mianliang Mr. Qu Mianliang believed that he used the previous dynasty to copy other contents on the back of this volume and copied other contents in Tang Dynasty . But as a printed copy, it was after the Song Dynasty after the mature printing technology [1]. This type of book became popular in the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties. The earliest book form proposed and studied was the Tibetan writer Ye Dehuai in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. Volume 8 of "Book Lin Qing's Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasty Printing Books and Various Old Papers", it specifically reveals about 18 ancient books of this type, and is divided into "public papers", "document papers", "official papers", "public papers", "public papers", "public papers", "public papers", "public papers", "public papers", "public papers" and "papers of a simplified Chinese calligraphy" [2]. Because the main body is the public official book, the academic community began to call it "public papers printed on it" in the later 20th century. The emergence of official paper printing is, first, it is from the paper used in the convention, and second, because the official paper used in the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties mostly uses leather paper (cotton paper) quality paper, which can meet the requirements of printing on the back, so this type of book is mostly concentrated in the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, as the quality of printed papers decreased, there were few official document papers printed. The number of existing official document papers, except for the 18 types revealed by Ye Dehua, today, Chinese and foreign scholars are likely to range from more than ten, 35 types, 81 types to more than a hundred (including official document paper manuscripts) [3]. Due to the status of the original era in version studies, even if the official document printed books that have been passed down to this day do not contain the original text on the back, they are basically rare books. The remains on the back are original first-hand information, which is more precious for historical research. In recent years, many journalists have called for the use and attention of official document printing. Mr. Sun Suinmin, a native of the historical community, called him "the last rich mine to be developed in the world[4]". At present, there are two types that have been fully utilized and researchers. One is the documentary of the Song Dynasty's Fuyan Road Left-Ancient Envoy of the Song Dynasty preserved on the back of the Heishui City Cultural Hei Shui City in Russia. It was originally compiled by Russian scholars, and later published the copy of the Xixia and Han texts by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House. The copy of the Xixia and Han texts was published separately. The copy of the Han text is called "The Political and Cultural Book of the Northwest Song Dynasty Army in the Northwest Song Dynasty". Mr. Sun Sumi Min has compiled and studied this and published a special work [5]. Another type is the simplified handwritten handwritten by the official and literati of the Song Dynasty, which was stored on the back of the Song Dynasty's "Collected Works of Wang Wengong" and the official literati. In 1990, it was photocopyed and published by the Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House under the name "The Unexpected Works of the Song Dynasty". There are already a batch of research papers on this book. " full Song Wen " contains some books, and Sun Yuanmin and Wei Lin have published special works on sorting and research on public parts as the focus [6].
Foreign scholars have also introduced the use and publication of some paper-backed publications of ancient Chinese books.In 1936, Yoshisaki Sugimura published "Yuan Dynasty Public Deposits" [7], publishing some of the Yuan Zhejiang Dong Xuanwei Company's economic publications on the back of the Yuan Dynasty's large-character publications "University or Questions" and "Commentary Notes on the Comments", involving the prices, economic savings, courses, rentals and other aspects from the period from to . The original length of the book is more than two feet long and more than one foot wide, but it was cut into the size of an ordinary publication when printing, resulting in the order of each book being incorrect and many of the contents are incomplete. The Harvard Yanjing Library at Harvard University in the United States contains several Chinese official documents in the Ming Dynasty, including the two printed papers, "Reissue and Audio Integration" and "Direct Voice" and "Significant Voice" and "Significant Voice" that indicate the middle and late yellow books. This batch of information has been published online on the Harvard Yanjing Bookstore website. The front of these two books is very clear and the characters are very densely spaced, but the text on the back is relatively unclear. Only the blank spaces in each page and the fewer characters are visible [8].
must point out that the historical materials of the Song and Ming dynasties are relatively complete, and the total number of historical records is grand. The aforementioned official documents that have been sorted and to be sorted can play a role in enriching and replenishing historical materials from the border and regional areas. Compared with the Song and Ming dynasties, the loss and dispersion of historical materials in the Yuan Dynasty was more serious in the historical process. The imperial court records and the "Celebration of the World" have been lost, and not all of the main codes and official documents have been passed down to this day. At that time, the number of miscellaneous histories written was smaller. There are not many local chronicles in existence. There are quite a lot of collections of poems and essays from the Yuan Dynasty, but they are not as good as those of previous and later dynasties. In order to promote the development and in-depth research on Yuan history, in addition to working hard to explore existing Han historical books, metal and stone tablet engravings and a small number of ethnic writing materials, and expand the use of foreign historical materials, the work of printing official papers should also be done. Due to the above-mentioned historical materials of the Yuan Dynasty, to a certain extent, the research on official document printing is more important than that of the history of the Song and Ming dynasties. However, except for Japanese scholars, this work in China has just begun. So far, no complete compilation and research of official document printed books in the Yuan Dynasty has been published.
. The catalogs and postscripts of various rare books were published. There were also a considerable number of printed copies of official documents in the Yuan Dynasty. There are three books about the Yuan Gong papers that Ye Deyu saw: 1. "Le Ya Shu" of the Song Dynasty (the paper was written as the gongs in Zhihe and Zhisong years of the Yuan Dynasty, and was once collected in the fifth floor of the Yuan family in Suzhou), 2. "The Book of the Egong" by the Song Dynasty (the paper was written as the official book of the fourth year of Yanyou in Yuan Dynasty, and was collected in the Japanese Jingjiatang Library), 3. "Han Shu" by Han Bangu (the large-character version of Song Shu, with 8 volumes left, and the paper was written as the Yuan Dynasty Gong pavilion) [9]. In addition, Mr. Qu Mianliang also wrote 12 kinds of records: ⑴. Song Maohuang's "A Brief Introduction to the Renovation and Remarks of the Ministry of Gifts", a printed version of the Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, with the paper backed into Yuan household registration booklets, and is now in the Shanghai Library. ⑵. Tang Wei Zheng and other "Sui Books", Yuan-engraved Gongxuan paper printed, originally buried in Jiangyin Style Hall. ⑶. Han Ying Shao's "Popular and Common Issues", printed by Yuan Gong's document, collected in Beijing University Library. ⑷, Song Zhu Xi "The Doctrine of the Mean" was printed in the Song Dynasty with public papers such as household registration and cash booklets in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in Taiding, and was collected in the Taiwan Central Library. ⑸. Li Qin of Tang Dynasty's "Notes on the Later Han Dynasty", a printed copy of the official document of Yuan Xiu in the Song Dynasty, and is now in the National Library of Tibet. ⑹. "Pi Zi Wen Zhi" by Pi Rixiu of Tang Dynasty, a printed copy of Yuan Dynasty booklets, originally collected by Zhang's family. ⑺, Beiqi Wei Shou "Wei Book", a printed copy of the official document reviewed by the Song and Yuan dynasties, and is now in the National Library of Tibet. There are also 41 volumes of this volume collected by Nanjing University Library. ⑻, Five Dynasties Liu Sheng's "Tang Books", a printed copy of the official document reviewed by the Song and Yuan dynasties, and is located in the National Library of Tibet. ⑼, Yuan Yu Yan "The Book of Changes", Yuan money booklet official document paper printed, in the National Library of Tibet. ⑽, Yuan Zhou Boqi "Speaking the Original Text", Yuan Gong's Paper Print, Tibetan National Library. ⑾, Yuan Chen Jue's "Tongjiang Continuous Editing", Yuan Kunshan Money Booklet Official Document Printing. ⑿. Yuan Wu Master Dao's "Annotation on the War of National Regulations", a printed copy of Yuan official paper, once collected from the remaining bribes [10]. In addition, there should be some books that have not been written yet.
It should also be pointed out that the aforementioned publications of "Northwest Song Dynasty Army Political and Cultural Books" and "Song People's Illusions" have their own special features. The original versions of the two books are all butterfly, and it is easy to read in the memorization of the books, and photocopying of today's people is also more convenient. After Yuan Dynasty, the bag and the back were packed up, and then it was launched in the big market. Later generations also often refer to the revision of broken bags and backing books. The entire picture of the paper back cannot be obtained without disassembling the web.Because the rare books are difficult to obtain and deliberate protection from collectors and bookstores, the back contents of most of the existing official document printed books that are online are rarely known and used by the outside world. Speaking of the 20th century, Japanese scholars once came to Hua to use a pen-style micro camera to tap the mesh of the online bookcase, but it was fruitless. Harvard How the paper back of Ming Dynasty data was recorded is unknown. It is said that the current scanning technology in the United States can be used to remove the paper back without disassembly, but this may also be a reason why the words "scanned" written on the paper back are not easy to identify. We believe that to really solve the problem, we still have to uninstall the web and scan it leaf by leaf.
In 2012, Wang Xiaoxin and his graduate students went to the Shanghai Bookstore to carefully fold the leaf with their hands on the printed version of Yuan Gong’s paper "A Brief for the Renovation and Mutual Annotation" in the picture. They conducted a preliminary investigation and inspection from the back of the paper, and extracted a small number of Yuan Dynasty documents that could clearly see some of the content, and preliminarily confirmed that they were household registration documents. In August of that year, at the "International Academic Seminar on the National and Social Sciences of the Yuan Dynasty" jointly organized by the China Yuan History Research Association and South China University of Technology, we submitted the paper "A Brief Analysis of Part of the Yuan Dynasty Databases in the Papers of the Yuan Dynasty" [11], and introduced and preliminary analysis of the excerpts, which attracted attention and encouragement from the students. In 2013, Wang Xiaoxin applied for the "Compilation and Research of Yuan Dynasty Household Registration Documents in the Yuan Dynasty in the papers printed on Yuangong Document Paper "A Brief for the Renovation of Mutual Announcement"" and obtained the assistance of the National Social Science Fund. With the support of Mr. Chen Xianxing, Ms. Avon, and Director Fan Zhaofeng of the Shanghai Bookstore, he cooperated with Shangpai to disassemble the "P Brief for the Renovation of Mutual Announcement Department" online installation and scan and copy the papers completely. As we know, this is also the first time that a rare online book has been opened in a domestic library to a comprehensive scan of paper backdrops.
Our paper on the paper "Additional and Repair of Mutual Annotations" is the first document on Yuan Dynasty paper backed by a complete scan and sorted document in China.
"The Brief Introduction to the Ministry of Merit" is a famous 安全安全 in the history of Chinese music and music. It is an official 安全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全� This role of this book in the Yuan Dynasty continued. After the Yuan Dynasty opened the subject, it stipulated that "the "Britain, conference and other trials may be given to the "Britain and the Ministry of Merit" and there is no possibility of writing" [13]. It can be seen that it was the only book that scholars could bring to the examination hall at that time, and it was necessary for scholars to be allowed to take them to the examination hall. "The Brief Introduction to the Rong Ministry" was often revised and added to the Jin and Southern Song dynasties, which were divided into different north and south. Among them, "A Brief Introduction to the Revised Mutual Annotations of the Merits" is a representative of the Southern Song Dynasty's Southern Fu faction [14]. It had the greatest impact among the Southern Scholars and the late Yuan Dynasty, so the ceremonies were published and many publications were published. According to a scholar, there are 14 versions of this book that have been passed down to this day, including the Song, Yuan and Ming versions [15]. The huge social demand may be an important reason for the emergence of printed versions with official documents.
"A Brief Introduction to the Rhyme of the Merit of the Merit", Mao Huang, the Southern Song Dynasty, added notes, and Mao Juzheng, and . The Shanghai Library contains a printed copy of Yuan Gong’s document. It was first collected in the Qing Dynasty by the Prince Yiwei Mansion, and later collected by Pan’s Pangxi. Pan Zuyi's "Pang Xiyi Collection Book Notes" says: "The paper is a household registration book of Yuan Dynasty, and the book is printed on the back of the paper. It is considered that a person from a county on Huzhou Road said that the household in Song Dynasty was smooth in a certain year of Yuan Dynasty, and it was the official library of Huzhou" [16].The "Collection of Books" says this book is a Yuan engraved version, but modern scholars have confirmed that it is a Song Dynasty printed version of Yuan Gong based on the fact that his engravings are all from the Southern Song Dynasty. The books avoided the Song Dynasty and other evidences, which are confirmed as Song Dynasty's stereotype Yuan Gong's paper printing [17].
is a macro book published in five volumes and six volumes, with a height of 28.2 cm and a width of 19.2 cm. There are 324 leaves, half leaves on the front and ten lines, sixteen characters in line; small characters in line, thirty-two characters in line, white mouth, left and right sides, single fish tail. This book is now available for online decoration, and the paper and ordering are newer. According to the Song and Yuan dynasties, the original text of the original packaging is not a network. For this book, the traces of the original packaging can be seen from the spine of the book, and I don’t know when to change the decoration format. "Peng Xiyi Collection Books" has a general outline of the content on the back, "Shanghai Bookstore Song version of the collection" and "Research on the Version of Mr. Li Zijun " "A Brief Introduction to the Version of "A Brief Introduction to the Rhymes of the Merits of the Merits"" each have a summary of the content on the back, I don't know where to use it. We judged that this book was not online when it was collected by Pan Zuyi's house. It might have been re-used in the Shanghai Library and prepared online.
The first volume of this book is Mao Huang Xun, which is the Qing'an Letang Replenishing (replenishing paper is a new paper, from the first to the tenth leaf). Except for the beginning of the scroll, there are no traces of revisions, and there are slits in the inner leaves, but not many. There are Yuanwen books on the back of almost every page starting from Eleven Leaf. After observing all the copied image versions, you can see that it has a complete and fixed top, head, blank line and other formats, with basic subdivision records. The original official documents on the paper are all small regular script books, and are in the same direction as the front printed text. The format of its household registration makes the line spacing very wide, and the characters of regular script are small, making it less likely to be affected when printing on the other side later. When printing rhyme books on the other side in the Yuan Dynasty, this batch of official documents was cut at the foot of the site, and a small number of characters were cut, but not many characters were cut, about two to three. There are larger and larger pages on the back of a few pages in a book. The book is 3 leaves 47, the upper part of the paper is blank, the household registration registration starts from the middle, and the content of the second half is missing. But this is just a different phenomenon, and the overall completeness of the above book is better.
The backing information of this book is definitely registered on Huzhou Road, Jiangnan before the middle of the Yuan Dynasty. All 6 volumes have 322 leaves, and 644 sides are counted according to the front and back sides. Among them, except for the third volume, Leaf 57, which is a land asset class registration leaf with a format similar to the "Yanyou Manager's Book", Leaf 54 and Leaf 55, which are a single name of unknown nature, there are 955 registered households with the same basic format, and except for 54 of them, a total of 901 households are counted. This is the largest number of household registration registration materials found in the Song and Yuan dynasties so far.
Such a system is quite difficult to obtain. Some scholars have pointed out: "We can't see the household registration booklets of the Yuan Dynasty now." In the past, only a few leaves such as Heicheng's literary books, and there is not a single complete one [18]. The scan of the paper "Additional Mutual Annotation and Rhymes of the Lunar New Year" has made us see the largest Yuan Dynasty household registration book that has not been seen for the past for the first time. In this batch of materials, we can fully understand the overall appearance of the Yuanchao Jiangnan area household registration registration for the first time. Although the identification of the back scanned image version is difficult due to the influence of the front of the paper, it can be seen from the original page that the household registration registration of the Yuan Dynasty has a very strict record format. Registrations are registered as household registration.For a household under a complete record, the first line is "one household..." to record the name and residence of the household owner, the Song Dynasty's occupation and employment type, the year and month of the Yuan Dynasty, and some employment and employment changes that occurred in the Yuan Dynasty; the second line is "professional" to record the family members (including the number of resident and non-personal drivers, employed people, etc.); the third line is to record the household six-meter The number of male spokens; the fourth line is the eight-line record of the number of Ding's mouth; the fifth line is the ten-line record of Ding's name and age (if there are many people, they are generally recorded in order according to the person, son, brother, etc., and there are about four empty spaces); the sixth line is the same as the fourth line, and the eight-line record of Ding's mouth cannot be the number of Ding's mouth, and the next line is the ten-line record of Ding's name and age, and the part is directly withdrawn from ten If the meter is continuous, the number, name, or age of a Ding man, if there are multiple people with Ding man; if the eighth or seventh line and the third line, record the number of female accounts in this household (if there is no male or female account, record directly from the third line); if the 9th line and the fifth line, withdraw ten squares to record the name and age of a female account in this household; if the 9th or tenth line and the second line, withdraw two squares to record the affairs; if the quasi-property is in the next line, withdraw four Record the number of land in this household; the next row of land in the next row will be withdrawn from six grids and the number of paddy fields, land and mountain valleys (there are about four grids each); the next row of water, land and mountain fields will be combined with the total number of land in the next row, and the four grids will be recorded in the number of houses in this household; the next row of houses will be replaced with the business operations, and the second grid will be recorded in the number of livestock; the last row of colleagues will be registered in this household will be registered in this household. In addition to the top notes of the first household, the two categories of the return are four major categories: proprietorship, business, animal husbandry, and business. Obviously, this is the most important category. The content of a household registration usually starts from the "one household" owner information to the end of "buying".
The basic logging time of this batch of data is from the Yuan Dynasty to the late Yuan Dynasty, and at the latest to the Emperor of Renzong. Judging from the time of the document, there are three types: the first type, the "attachment" time that almost every household must remember. This time period is basically from November of the 12th year of Zhiyuan to December of the 12th year of Zhiyuan, which can be said to be a basic format. The contents of the article are all on Huzhou Road. At the end of the 12th year of the Yuan Dynasty, the time when the Yuan army occupied Huzhou, and "attachment" is consistent in time. However, it should be pointed out that this time is not the completion time of this book, but is the beginning of the tax collection of the regular households for the Yuan Dynasty. Each household must log in according to this format, which may also indicate that at least some household registrations began at the beginning of the south of the Yangtze River in Yuan Ding, which is also an early recruitment and slaughter. The second category is the time when the households are changed or should be used as other servants, such as the former Song Min household was designated as the archer of the Yuan Dynasty, the ship station household, etc. The data records include the former Song Min household who was changed to the arrested household, medical household, Confucian household, and military household. This type of color change was a little later, and the information in this book includes Zhiyuan 20th, 21st, 23rd, and 26th year. The third category is the time when the household registration is transferred, including the 19th year of Zhiyuan and the 26th year of Zhiyuan.
to Yuan 26 is the latest year for the complete household registration document we have seen. As we all know, in the 26th year of Zhiyuan, the Yuan court ordered the start of full "registration of Jiangnan household registration" [19]. Is what we see the household registration book or registration book (draft book) of the household registration household this time? Mr. Chen Gaohua pointed out that when the Yuan Dynasty pacified the Southern Song Dynasty, he paid attention to the preservation of various book books and collection of taxes. He mainly used the last large-scale land investigation and registration of the Southern Song Dynasty in 1266 (the second year of Xianchun of Emperor Duzong of Song Dynasty). If the Southern Song Dynasty's essays had been lost and did not exist, the tax was urged by the basic staff to "only redeem the number of book volumes of the county's grass book" [20]. But what is the so-called "Zhan Si Cao Book"? There was no specific information on this before. Considering that this version of "Additional and Revision of Mutual Annotations" is likely to be printed with an expiration of official documents after the start of the study. Therefore, this document should be pre-Yuan. According to the analysis of the content, each household in this document has registered a detailed female address. This is impossible for only male resident to have a Song Dynasty household registration (except for female households); the document also includes many Yuan Dynasty household registrations such as station households and drivers. These unique Yuan Dynasty records will not be copied from the Southern Song Dynasty.Judging from the time records as seen, the comprehensive concentration of the registration format and each specific household registration agency is likely to be the registration book or at least the registration book of the Jiangnan household in the 26th year of Zhiyuan. From the judgment of the integrity of household registration, from the last ten years after the Yuan Dynasty's Song Dynasty to the 26th and 7th years when the large-scale household registration land survey began, officials from some parts of the south of the Yuan Dynasty may have made new registrations in addition to the original Southern Song Dynasty book and book registration according to the Yuan Dynasty system. The details of the household registration in the 26th and 7th year of Zhiyuan were only the principles of some political books [21] and the general statements of some local chronicles and Yuan people's collections. What is the effect of the registered households in Zhiyuan in the 26th and 7th year? According to the authority, the Yuan court did it very insincerely and basically used the Southern Song land registration. Some local chronicles recorded that the household registration had no business information at all [22]. However, this batch of data shows that the login of Huzhou Road is still relatively strict. In addition, after the 26th year of Zhiyuan, there was no information on whether the registered household registration data had been supplemented or revised. "General History of China's Economics·Yuan Dynasty Economic Volume" believes that the household registration book was quickly abandoned after it was completed. The rat-tail book, which was re-arranged by household registration books based on household registration books, is the actual household registration book [23]. Judging from the two northern rat tail books we can see now, the main focus is on the function of different dispatch without considering the population, which is a tax service document; while the southern booklets in Huzhou Road focus on the judicial function of the household registration document, which is a household registration document. The two differences are obvious. Combined with other information, we believe that these two different types exist in parallel at a certain period of time. Regarding the latest time of this batch of volumes, the fourth volume of "Revised Mutual Annotations" has two records of the number of "Yuan" households and the newly added population of households written based on "This Handbook". The time for writing is at most 38 years apart from the first login, which means that at least 8 yuan is the second year of the html Huangqing (1313). This seems to be consistent with our previous judgment that it was abandoned after the examination and printed on the other side. There are many additional, modification, and modification in the following volumes. Most of them are minor revisions. There are also arrows that continuously modify the format in the sixth volume (usually, the latter line is led below the previous line and merged into one line). This also reflects that this household registration book is either a registration book, or is indeed a revision and supplement after completion.
In other words, this batch of information is very useful for us to further understand the details of the Jiangnan household registration survey and land registration in the Yuan Dynasty. From the Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, household registration document systems such as scripts, household posts, and various types of household registration books, this data provides particularly precious research data. As mentioned above, the two households recorded separately in the fourth volume: "Nine families in the clone of the hands" and "twelve families in the clone of the hands" are important evidence of the relationship between the household registration book and the hands of the Yuan Dynasty. In addition, except for the "business", the format and content of other household registrations in this data are very similar to the "household posts" that were published in the early Ming Dynasty. Comparison of the data of a household registration book in Huzhou Road with the account of household registration in the early Ming Dynasty:
(Huzhou Road Household Registration Data Book 2 Ye 23)
. One household was 45. The second resident of the rebel town of Anji County, Huzhou Road, Yuan Dynasty. When the Song Dynasty was destroyed, the original name was household registration as a household registration. Within December of the 12th year of Zhiyuan,| . A man was a custodian | . He is one year old and has one year old. He is one year old. He is one year old. He is one year old. He is one year old. He is one year old. He is one year old. He is one year old. He is one year old. He is one year old. He is one year old. He is one year old. He is one year old. He is one year old. He is one year old. He is one year old. He is one year old. He is one year old and has one year old. He is one year old and has one year old. He is one year old and has one year old and has one year old. He is one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and has one year old and tile house
household head | html l1 family population | business | livestock | livestock | https://www. ml1 business | |
Yuan Huzhou Road household registration book | name, household name, household type, time, service type | man, woman, driver, employee, | field, houses | livestock | livestock | https://www. ml1 source of birth, tillage |
Mingchu household post | name, household name, household type, service type | man, woman | land, houses, livestock |
Enter "industry" column | no | |
The former has more problems | https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.https://www.h | 1 generation source and Diantian |
Regarding the names of the people in the Song, Yuan and early Ming dynasties, Mr. Wu Han and , Hong Jinfu, and others have written articles to conduct research and discussion. Mr. Wu mainly relied on the 5th volume of "Yu Yue "Chun Zai Tang Lu" of "The Yuan Dynasty" "The common people who have no jobs are not allowed to be named, but use the names of their parents' ages as their names" and some other "blue books" to point out that when ordinary people had no fame, they often used a number of careers or parents' ages as their names, and examined that this phenomenon was not only in the Yuan Dynasty; Mr. Hong quoted a variety of verbal certificates to make more detailed discussions, and further revealed that this kind of custom has always existed in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing people, and not all people are like this [26]. However, in the past discussions, there has never been a direct large-scale Song and Yuan name information that can be confirmed. Now we can see that most of the people (which can reach thousands) in the household registration book of Yuanhuzhou Road are given numbers, and only a few people take official names, only about 10. It is mainly Confucian households, medical households, and private households. This is an unprecedented complete example of the number of names. Dr. Wei Yile used this as a web search and combined other data to have a new comprehensive research paper on the number of names.
Song and Yuan dynasties are an important stage in the development of the common characters of Han characters. The basic information of the compilation of this household registration book is based on hand. The hand-made document is filled out by the people themselves, and it provides population, industry and other information to create a household registration book, while the government compiles the household registration book from the information provided by the hand-made document.In this "draft of household registration book", it may be that the people's cultural level is different when writing handwritten books (or those with the characters in the country are logged in by the people), and the characters used are mixed, with more vulgar characters than ordinary world-renowned documents, and there are also many strange characters that they do not see. Therefore, this batch of materials is also a good writing study material for studying the common characters of the Song and Yuan dynasties. Dr. Wei Yile also wrote a special article on this (see "Literature and History" Issue 3, 2018). The information on the household registration book (water, dry fields, mountains, forests, real estate, and animal husbandry) is also very rich. In preliminary terms, most families have to have dozens of fields, which is rare (List 2 Ye 7, 25, 39). When land is registered, most of the number of registered properties is only the number of registered properties, but two places start to mark the location in detail (List 2 34, 35). "Tiantian" in the page is more common, and it does not belong to "industry" when registering, but is attached to "business". The amount of land for tenant land is not small, especially the number of land in the third volume is visible, mostly for temple land for monks, occasionally there are private land for officials and "land harvest land". Some households have a lot of land for tenant land (Second 4 leaves 16, Book 5 leaves 7 and 17, Book 6 leaves 27), reflecting the development of the relationship between Jiangnan tenant. Regarding the statistical investigation of the economic perspective on land and industry, we will write a separate article to discuss it.
County | Country | Country | "Wu Xing Continuous Chronicle" | Brushed by the text | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anji County | Anji County, "Old Zhi" ("Wu Xingzhi") has 16 in the country, and there are eighty in the area. Since the Yuan Dynasty, the country has been named as the same as before, with thirty-seven fans and one hundred and eight pipes. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Houyu Township | Houyu Township, "Wu Xingzhi" is the fifth. The two original fans are divided into six tubes | tube, two tubes, three tubes, four tubes, five tubes, and six tubes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fengting Township | Fengting Township, "Wu Xingzhi" is five. The Yuan is divided into six tubes. | one tube, two tubes, three tubes, four tubes, five tubes, six tubes, seven tubes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
moves the countryside | moves the countryside, "Wu Xingzhi" is five. The two Yuan fans are divided into five pipes. | one tube, two tubes, three tubes, four tubes, five tubes, six tubes, seven tubes, eight tubes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Copper Mountain Country | moves the countryside, "Wu Xingzhi" is five. The three Yuan fans are divided into nine tubes. |
Mr. Wang Zengyu, an expert in the Song Dynasty, summarized: The main body of the household registration classification system of the Song Dynasty was roughly composed of four groups of household names: 1. According to the identity of the household, there are official households and private households, and the form of households and flat households. 2. According to the area where the households live, there are village households and village households. 3. According to important production data such as landless land, important living data such as real estate, there are differences between main and customers. There are village head households and village customers, as well as Fangguo main households and Fangguo customers. 4. According to the amount of property, the main households in the country are divided into fifth-class households, and the main households in the Fangguo are divided into tenth-class households. Mr. Wang also pointed out that in order to deal with various social and economic affairs in the Song Dynasty, many household names were created, such as only one man in the family, called a single household; a man in the family was not a child, called a household; a man in the family was not a child, called a household; a person who had a single household but had insufficient material resources were called an orphan; a household with no husband and child was called a female household; a military member and his family could be called a military household; a monk, a Taoist household or a temple visit; a monk, a Taoist household or a temple visit; a salt business was called a quiver, a pavilion household, a stove household, a well household and a hut household; a garden household, a tea or even a orange or a flower grower; a wine business could be called a garden household; a wine business could be wine households, shop households, trough households, auction households and snatchers; those who work in labor are called chemists; those who work in mining and treatment are called pit households, smelting households, miners, boilers and charcoal households; those who work in ceramics are called pottery households and kiln households; craftsmen are called craftsmen; those who work in craftsmanship, printing, dyeing, thorns, etc., called machines households, households, households, households, households and households; those who own boats are called ship owners, while those who work in foreign trades are called suppliers; merchants in cities are called municipal households, merchants, households and shops; those who work in making papers are called paper households; those who include tax payments and other types are called households; those who work in the mountains are called dang households. There are many names [36]. Except for singles, underage, orphans, and female households, the above-mentioned Song household names are just habitual, mostly just professional households, not economic level plans in legal terms, and have no fixed world-class character. The official households, physical households, flat households, main households, clients, village households and village households in the Song Dynasty were mostly no longer used by the Yuan Dynasty (two records in the Huzhou Road household registration registration data that "belongs to the official household" during the Southern Song Dynasty, only one young girl was left after the Yuan Dynasty, and was included in the "responsible civil servants" series. The other household became a monk after the attachment. The official household had no intention after entering the Yuan Dynasty). However, there is a major "buying" in the Huzhou Road household registration book, but it seems to come from the names of various vocational households in the Song Dynasty. We can't see the household registration booklets that became a large-scale household registration book in the Song Dynasty, and we cannot know whether there was a "buying" item when registering household registration in the Song Dynasty.南宋淳熙年間朱熹在南康軍任上時，曾爲賑灾規定管下各都下户上報缺糧登記式樣： 下户合要糴米者幾家 作田幾家，各開户名，大人幾口，小人幾口 不作田幾家，各開户名，大人幾口，小人幾口 3is the registration form of others, and the registration number is the registration form of someone else. The registration form of a certain person is [37] [37] [37] [37] or above. The sub-words at the end of each line are marked "not in business", "not in business", and "particular in business" seem to refer to various types of "business". Some household registration records in the Song Dynasty may have this type of category. The registration of Huzhou Road household registration in the Yuan Dynasty may have been affected by the Southern Song Dynasty in this regard. However, when he inherited this type of project when he was registered, the Yuan Dynasty seemed to have its own needs. Huzhou Road household registration registration has many types of specific entrepreneurs, including lacquer craftsmen, tailor craftsmen, plaster craftsmen, flounder craftsmen, bamboo craftsmen, carpenters, paper craftsmen, iron craftsmen, coopers, bricklayers, etc.There are also "raising and renting fields", "making mountains", "selling tofu", "teaching children to nurse", "please beg" (book six leaves 7, beggars must also be naturalized registration), "please begging" (book three leaves 50, the head of the household is 12 years old orphan), "straw sandals", "selling paper", "bottle cans", and "fishing ”, “selling yangzi”, “slaughter”, “buying and selling silk”, “making scarfs and selling official salt”, “tie craftsman”, “sweeping” (sold as the squeak in the temple, 7), “making squeaks”, “singing lyrics” (squeaks 32), “pushing grinding”, “selling medicine”, etc. These specific names are obviously all from the Southern Song Dynasty. There are also double-employed students in the login page. That is, to record a household and conduct two activities at the same time. Such as "raising, stake land (branded), "pulling, raising" (Lotus Four Leaf 24), "raising, selling medicine" (Lotus Five Leaf 15), "making scarves and selling official salt" (Lotus Five Leaf 36), and the remaining ones include "maintaining the industry, selling bottles and cans", "opening, grinding stone" (Lotus Three Leaf 17, 62), etc. The "school" in the Huzhou Road household registration book page seems to be a unique registration category after the Yuan Dynasty's original Southern Song Dynasty. This content is not visible in some of the existing fantasy films such as Hei Shui City Household Registration Books [38]. We believe that when we registered the registration of household registration in Jiangnan in the Yuan Dynasty, we forced the "school" to be a household registration, so that the government can quickly transition to the household registration system that has been determined in the north of the Yuan Dynasty according to the employment status of the Southern Song Dynasty. This qualitative focus is not on economic level, but on professional skills. emphasizes professional skills, but is not like the Song Dynasty, which mainly manages household registration based on the financial level. In particular, each household registration must emphasize its "responsible as civil servants" or "responsible as ××". This format has not been seen in the previous dynasty, and the characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty's re-aligned households and urges the whole people to serve all kinds of servants. This is the idea of the household system established by Yuan in the north. However, the forced adjustment of "schooling" also reflects that the northern household registration system is still in transition in the southern region, and this transition has been opened when the household registration registration is registered on Huzhou Road. We can see in the paperback page that a considerable household has been re-acquisitioned according to the Yuan system and has been managed by various household registration institutions of the Yuan Dynasty. The names include hunchback households, tea pickers, craftsmen, military households, confucian households, station households, medical households, etc. Some of them are designated as corresponding households according to the original household category, such as: (Lotto 46) [ST—Z:1·46a·93] A family of iron craftsman Qi Wanqi was born in the village of Yintang Village, Fengting Township, Anji County, Huzhou Road, Yuan Dynasty. He became a craftsman in Song Dynasty. He was attached to him in December of the 12th year of Zhiyuan. In the first month of the 18th year of Zhiyuan, he had Kangti (short)
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