"Military Martial Plane" Author: Yang Shu
In Chinese history, there are many historical events that make people feel excited when they think of it, "specially treating hypotension ". Among them, " Jingkang Incident " will definitely be selected and even ranked first. Because this matter is not only very harmful, but also the most insulting. Even modern people, almost nine hundred years later, can't help but feel angry when they read this.
Of course, emotions are emotions, and later generations also conducted serious investigations on the Jingkang Incident and the demise of Northern Song . How come the huge Song Dynasty was taken over by everyone and directly "beheaded"? There are many reasons for this, and geographical factors have always been considered an important reason - Kaifeng . The surrounding terrain is flat, no danger is available, and it is difficult to defend. Once the troops are at the city, it will be done!
▲The three ancient capitals, only Kaifeng is safe and
In one sentence, the Song Dynasty chose the wrong capital, and Kaifeng is not good. If you choose Chang'an and Luoyang , these two old capitals of the Han and Tang dynasties, there are mountains and rivers, and it is easier to defend against the Jin army that was raiding from a long distance. In fact, Song Taizu considered moving the capital, but it was not moved in the end. Of course, there are many reasons. However, let’s not discuss it here for the time being, but put yourself in the shoes of others. In terms of military terms, is Kaifeng really unable to defend?
The best way to answer this question is to find a similar case as a comparison. The two emperors Huiqin did not hold it, so was there anyone who held it? There is really.
occurred in the chaotic times of the late Ming Dynasty more than 500 years later, and it was a counterexample. Although the time span is a bit large, considering that the level of productivity has not been substantially improved, in terms of weapons and equipment, there are only more original firearms that are not enough to change the style of war, so they are still of reference value.
In 1640 AD, in the thirteenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, a famine broke out in Henan. After several ups and downs, Li Zicheng immediately decided to lead a small team into Henan. Countless hungry people fled and soon developed into an army of hundreds of thousands. In January 1641, Li Zicheng's troops surrounded Luoyang, and the fiefdom of this place, the emperor's beloved son, Zhu Changxun, plundered countless wealth, but he was silent. The people and the defenders hated him to the core and opened the city gate to welcome Li Zicheng.
Then, King Fu, a big fat man with 300 pounds, was beheaded, and was said to have been thrown into a big pot and stewed with venison into a "Fu Lu Banquet".
took Luoyang, and Li Zicheng's next goal was aimed directly at Kaifeng. Because Li Zicheng's peasant army, with the call of "not paying food", mainly relies on "eating big families" to solve financial problems. By conquering a big city and taking over a vassal king, he gained the wealth accumulated in the royal palace. Not only did he have military funds, but he could also spread widely and capture people's hearts. This is the "path dependence" of the continuous development and growth of the peasant army.
Therefore, Li Zicheng must give priority to attacking wealthy cities in Henan. There is a prince of the same magnitude as King Fu in , Zhu Gongye . Whether it is Kaifeng's wealth or transportation, the status of a first-tier city is very attractive to Li Zicheng.
Li Zicheng initially planned to take the lead. On the surface, he sent troops to Lushan and Ruzhou to confuse and restrain the Ming army. He secretly sent three hundred cavalry to pretend to be an official army and attempted to infiltrate from the West Gate, but was blocked by a large number of people pouring into the city. In order to enter the city as soon as possible, the team cut and rushed, and while clearing out the passage, they also exposed their intentions. The defenders who found something was wrong immediately fired arrows and artillery and closed the city gate. This "special military operation" failed.
failed to attack, and then the 30,000 peasant troops arrived began to attack.
At this time, it was In early February of the 14th year of Chongzhen, the regular army of the Ming Dynasty was still circulating near Luoyang on the north bank of the Yellow River . The troops in Kaifeng City were empty, and the situation seemed to have returned to more than 500 years ago - an isolated city, with panic and a great enemy in front of it.In contrast, the situation may be even worse this time. The Northern Song Dynasty was not completely corrupt at that time, and the Ming Dynasty was already full of internal and external troubles, and reinforcements may not be able to count on for a while.
Officials, people, and vassal kings in Kaifeng City all have to face a choice - do you want to resist? How to resist?
▲With the family tradition of our ancestors, it is unlikely that descendants will become Zhao Ji
King of Zhou Zhu Gongzi, who is the descendant of Zhu Yuanzhang 's fifth son Zhu Xiong . In fact, it is far from the blood relationship of the Zhu Di branch, and it is actually two families. Zhu Xi's family style is pretty good, with a scholarly style, and is relatively clear-headed. Thinking of the fate of the two emperors Hui and Qin over five hundred years ago and the tragic situation of the Fu King of Luoyang, the King of Zhou was determined to stick to the end and do whatever it takes - Kaifeng was his home, and he had nowhere to go.
Although the vassal kings have no military power, they are rich. The King of Zhou issued a high reward: "If anyone can go out of the city to kill a thief, he will be rewarded with fifty taels of silver, if he can shoot one thief and if he can kill one thief, if he can shoot one thief or hurt one thief or hurt bricks and stones, he will be rewarded with ten taels" . As soon as this order was released, the rich households in the city were also mobilized and donated money and materials.
▲Daliangmen, this is the main direction of Li Zicheng's attack on Kaifeng
is rich and secure, inspector Gaoming Heng , governor Liang Bing and other officials immediately mobilized officials and people to guard the city, three yamen runners, the royal palace guards, and even ordinary citizens took the initiative to join the battle, "The people who climbed the city with bows, arrows, swords and spears are afraid of the future" . According to relevant historical records, Zhu Gongzi successively "donated more than 1.2 million yuan" , and compared with Chongzhen and Fuwang, he was really generous. In terms of determination and courage, it is not comparable to Huiqin's two cowardly powers.
So, Li Zicheng encountered an unexpected hard nail - the peasant army was progressing too smoothly in Henan before, which was a bit empowering. On the one hand, there were only 30,000 elite troops, of which only 30,000 elite troops were attacked. They were a little short of troops and came in a hurry, without heavy equipment, so they could only rely on simple ladders and manpower to dig holes to attack the city.
▲Because there is no danger to watch, Kaifeng's city defense is actually very solid
On the other hand, Kaifeng's city defense is strong, with a city wall five zhang high and five city gates. Each has at least two iron-wrapped doors (up to five levels). There are four corner towers in the city, eighty-four enemy platforms, and cannons. The system is tight and it is difficult to attack.
Although the peasant army had a fierce attack, the Ximen Tower was shot like a bow and arrow, but from February 12th to 18th, there was no progress, but Li Zicheng was almost shot to death - "When hedgehog, he looked at the city, Chen Shouzhao shot it, and he was about two inches deep, and hugged his head in a frightened way", and it was also recorded that "When he broke into the siege, arrows were fired all over the city, and he was shot in the eyes of the thief... I don't know why he shot it".
Whether you are sniped or accidentally shot an arrow, this incident has a great blow to the peasant army. The Ming army deputy general Chen Yongfu took the opportunity to go out of the city to counterattack. He had to get more rewards. The peasant army, whose morale was greatly damaged, finally withdrew the siege.
After repelling Li Zicheng's three tricks, Wang Xie, the magistrate of Xiangfu, immediately organized manpower and spent ten days to quickly repair the city wall. He also organized the people in the city to establish "social people", divided the jurisdiction into 84 communities, and sent troops according to the amount of wealth, led by gentry or royal family, and together with the Ming army's town soldiers, waiting for the next attack.
▲At that time, the "Folang Machine" artillery was probably used
On December 23, after conquering Xinyang , Xiangcheng , Weishi , Chenliu and other places, and after sweeping the periphery, the peasant army launched a second siege on Kaifeng. This time, Li Zicheng was well prepared, not only brought ten times the strength of the last time, but also gunpowder , cannons and other equipment, making the firepower even more fierce.
The peasant army set up a high platform, set up cannons to bombard the defenders, and cover the infantry to siege the city. "Strike day and night, the city walls are like screens, and those who guard the pirates dare not show their appearance" .On the one hand, the defenders piled up earth-bags and wooden piers as bunkers, fired guns and bombarded them, and on the other hand, they set up higher forts on the city tower to suppress the firepower of the peasant army.
Another trick of the peasant army is to dig holes in the city wall. "Double people carved hammers and chiseled. When they heard the drum ants coming in, they put hammers and chisels at the bottom of the city... The bricks and stones moved slightly, and the eagle beaks were used to cut off... Those who got bricks in their heads would be rested after work, and they would not be involved in the battle of siege for life. The food was a hurdle, and the sun was dug under the city..." . This method is quite efficient and can dig dozens of holes in a short time. The defense of the defenders was to dig holes from above to cut them off, and to make "incendiary bombs" with firewood, grass and gunpowder, and torture and burn them, forcing the peasant army to retreat.
The peasant army had a fierce offensive, but the military and civilians in the city were still very motivated. On the one hand, because the King of Zhou and the rich families still fulfilled their rewards, there were naturally many brave men and the city was still sufficient. "Giant merchants and giants, each giving away cakes in a thousand times" . On the other hand, because of the last shot injuring Li Zicheng, the fear of revenge for the peasant army massacre has also become a powerful driving force for defending the city.
▲As long as you are united, Kaifeng is actually not easy to capture
for siege for twenty days. There were many casualties and injuries on both sides, and it was difficult to solve. On the 13th day of the second year, the peasant army dug a large hole in the east city wall and stuffed dozens of stones of gunpowder into an attempt to blow up the city wall. However, after igniting, the bricks and stones collapsed far away, but the city wall remained unmoved. No one was injured in the city, but he was killed or injured. The blast failed and the morale of the peasant army plummeted - this cannot be destroyed, is it destined to be unable to conquer? At this time, Li Zicheng received the news that the Ming Dynasty reinforcements were about to arrive, so he had to withdraw the siege again and attack other places first.
But Li Zicheng could not give up - seizing wealth to maintain financial needs, regaining damaged morale, and avenging "a revenge for a single arrow", all of which drove him to come back again.
In May, Li Zicheng and Luo Rucai made a comeback. This time, Li Zicheng learned his lesson and adopted a strategy of long-term siege and attacking aid. After the army arrived, it did not attack, but first harvested the surrounding mature wheat. After seeing it, the defenders also went out of the city to harvest it. Seeing this, the peasant army simply stopped cutting it. They burned the parts that were not available for collection. Anyway, I have supplies, and I can't cut it, so you don't want to collect it.
siege really worked. The number of military and civilians in Kaifeng City, plus refugees, may be as many as one million. The food consumption is astonishing, and foreign aid is cut off. After being besieged for one month, the food began to become tense. After all, although gold and silver are valuable, they cannot become food, which is useless.
▲Food affects the people's hearts the most and more affects morale
Although the government has regulated it, the food can only be less and less. In the end, even Gao Mingheng, who was promoted to governor, finds it difficult to get food.
By August, officials and the army were almost out of food, and they were plundering in the city. The hungry official army lost the bottom line. "It is called searching for grain, but in fact it is a daytime robbery... It is a woman and a woman who hold a bucket and raise a cake in her arms. They are rampant and the people are injuring no trouble." . The military and civilians either starve to death, or they are fired because of robbing food, or they flee to surrender outside the city, or "people eat each other", and the city almost became a hell on earth. At this time, there was a little like the Northern Song Dynasty, but Kaifeng had not yet fallen.
During the siege, the Ming Dynasty sent troops to rescue. However, because Li Zicheng did not attack the city, he could fight with all his strength. He defeated the four reinforcements of Ding Qirui, Yang Wenyue, , Zuo Liangyu, and Hu Dawei in the field. The military and civilians in the city have taken the initiative several times, and although they have also achieved success, they cannot break the siege.
Time is September, Kaifeng is already hungry all over the city, "By the end of August and the beginning of September, the father and son, wife and husband, brothers and relatives are all ate together, and it is impossible to ask." , the morale is extremely low and he is already unable to resist. If the peasant army sieges the city, they will not encounter any resistance.
But at this moment, a sudden event changed the fate of both sides - the Yellow River broke the dam! The reason for the dam breaking is still debated. The most likely thing is that the Ming army and the peasant army both had the idea of replacing soldiers with water, dug the dam, and then suddenly collapsed during the flood season.
▲You can use the Gardenkou to imagine Kaifeng
Historical fact is that the embankment suddenly collapsed on September 15th, and a huge flood rushed down. Kaifeng was suddenly filled with oceans inside and outside. King Zhou hurriedly climbed up to the roof to hide, and later took a boat to escape. The rest of the officials and civilians were drowned in large numbers or robbed to death, with only tens of thousands of survivors. Kaifeng like
can no longer defend, so he can only give up. The peasant army outside the city was not much better. Suddenly, the flood destroyed the camp at a low place, losing tens of thousands of people. When you see Kaifeng again, it has become a big lake. Of course, there is no problem going in, but it is meaningless. Li Zicheng had to leave in disappointment - the flood completely destroyed the morale of the government army and the hope of the peasant army. None of the two sides got Kaifeng.
This offensive and defensive battle, which lasted more than a year and a half, ended with this strange loss-making situation.
Now, let’s compare the Northern Song Dynasty. The geographical conditions are the same. Kaifeng is indeed without any dangers to defend, but the solid urban defense is still very effective. This time in the late Ming Dynasty, Kaifeng's military and civilians with much worse conditions and even not many regular troops, resisted three sieges, which shows that no danger is enough to defend, and if you want to bear it, you can still bear it. In contrast, Kaifeng was still the capital during the Northern Song Dynasty, and the city defense would only be stronger, and there was no reason not to be able to defend it. In the end, it would be a complete man-made disaster.
is also Kaifeng, and it is also an lonely city. One fights to the end, and one will never resist; one uses wealth to reward soldiers, and one uses wealth to please the enemy; one is united by military and civilians, and one is extremely cowardly; one is coming to the city to defend, and the other opens the city gate... Then, it leads to completely different results - the factors that affect the victory or defeat of the war are very complicated. Even in the same battlefield and similar situation, completely different results can be achieved due to the different time, place, hearts and morale of the game. This is exactly the charm and thought-provoking point of the game of war.
As an original Oriental War strategy game for Chinese people, "月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月月� For example, the weather that has a great impact on war, the real-time weather system in the game not only achieves geographical consistency with the actual weather in various areas of the real world, but also affects the marching speed and vision range of the players...it tests the commanders' decisiveness. The internal affairs system restores the influence of the human factor, putting the right people in the right place, with corresponding generals in front of the city and land, and capable good ministers in the back, and producing and operating without shortage of food or soldiers. Only by fully exerting the role of people and making the "comprehensive national strength" the strongest.
In reality, the human factor is not just the "leadership", but also includes a large number of soldiers at the bottom. Their morale and courage may also affect the outcome of the war. The morale system in the anniversary version of "The Bin of the Land" is very realistically restored.
In the new version of the game, morale will be affected by many factors - good weather, sufficient supplies, firm leadership, and high morale, just like the Ming army in the first two attacks on Kaifeng. If the environment is poor and the supply is insufficient, the morale will be low. Just like the Ming army and the peasant army who fought in Kaifeng for the last time, one ran out of food and the other was washed away by the flood, and the morale will be low, and it will be a loss.
In other words, the morale system is the embodiment of various factors in people's hearts, which also shows that talent is the decisive factor, even if it is a war in the virtual world. No matter what conditions or situations are, they are ultimately reflected through humans.
The people in reality are not machines. When they go to the battlefield, they need logistics supply and rest and rest.It doesn't work in reality and doesn't work in games. When your army is far away from the logistics range or encounters natural disasters, morale will drop sharply. At this time, even if there are a large number of troops on the surface and a strong military general, his real combat effectiveness will be on the next level. On the other hand, the logistics is worry-free, the weather is good, the morale is high, and the combat effectiveness is up to the next level.
So, you have to consider how to form a situation that is favorable to me? Under what circumstances can you attack? Where is the range and time boundary of attack? Or, how to put the enemy in this unfavorable situation and then gather and annihilate it? Games like
are of course closer to the real world, more interesting and more challenging, with more room for strategic operations, which can restore the experience of real ancient wars. After all, the feeling of commanding "real person" combat is definitely far stronger than the mechanical execution and feedback that just click the button. You must take into account all aspects of the real world like a real commander and not be neglected in order to ultimately achieve victory.
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