17th century foreigners in Moscow
In the current European relations, the relationship between Germany and Russia is relatively complex.
" Germany" has been just a "geographic noun" for a long time, and later it was unified into " Prussian ". In 1870, in French-Prussian War , Prussia defeated France. On January 18, 1871, King of Prussia William I was crowned the German Emperor at the Palace of Versailles in France. From then on, Prussia King has been the emperor of German Empire .
Moscow Grand Duke Ivan III tore up the letter of Khan's request for tribute
Russia is almost the same. In the past, they were all the territory of the Golden Horde . At the end of the 15th century AD, a unified feudal state was gradually formed with Grand Duchy of Moscow as the center. In 1547, Ivan IV changed the title of Grand Duke to "Tsar". In 1721, Peter I was awarded the title of "Emperor of All Russia" by Senate , and Russian Empire was established. ,
Since modern times, Germany and Russia have been bad and good. In 1741, France joined forces with Bavaria , Spain, Prussia and other countries to attempt to dismember Austria . But Russia chose to form an alliance with Austria, so the two camps fought a war of succession to the throne. From 1756 to 1762, the French and Russian-Austrian coalition forces on the Western Front fought against the Prussian and British coalition forces, known in history as the " Seven Years War ". On June 28, 1762, with the support of the Russian nobles, Katerina launched a coup and seized power. Because Katerina was a German, Russia and Pakatan Harapan formed an alliance against Austria.
"Seven Years' War"
During the Napoleon period, France annexed Prussia and ceded more than 160,000 square kilometers ( the Prussian Kingdom one-fifth of the area) of land to France. On June 24, 1812, Napoleon attacked Russia. That winter, Napoleon was defeated. With the support of Russia, Prussia declared war on France again on March 17, 1813. The anti-French alliance defeated Napoleon, and the three countries of Russia and Opp formed the sacred alliance that maintained the European feudal dynasty. In the 19th century, Germany and Russia joined forces many times to challenge Britain's maritime hegemony and France's land hegemony. From 1914 to 1918, Germany, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, , the Ottoman Empire, , and Bulgaria, formed allies, fighting with the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and the Allied countries formed by Serbia, Belgium, Italy, Japan and other countries that supported them.
Napoleon's defeat in Moscow
11917 to November 8, 1917, With the support of the German Emperor William II , Lenin led the Russian " October Revolution ". After seizing power, the Bolsheviks immediately negotiated with Germany and signed the Brest Peace Treaty, cedeing a large tract of land in Russia and Ukraine to Germany. On August 24, 1939, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Treaty of Non-aggression in Moscow; on October 6, Germany and the Soviet Union jointly occupied the entire territory of Poland, and the German Wehrmacht and the Soviet Red Army held a joint military parade on Brest. On June 22, 1941, Germany implemented the "Barbarossa" plan , launching the blitzkrieg against the Soviet Union, and World War II , the most tragic Soviet-German War broke out.
Lenin In 1918
10th century, the missionaries of the Pope preached the Catholic Church to the Russian princes. At this time, there were many foreign missionaries in Russia because these foreigners could not speak Russian and it was very difficult to communicate with the Russians, just like a mute. All these foreigners are simply called "Nemtsy" indiscriminately, and their words are derived from the Russian language "nemoi", "dumb", "speechless".
Germans of the Russian Empire
Starting from the 12th century, merchants, doctors and craftsmen from Western Europe all came to Moscow. In the 16th century, Russia established the German village "Niemetskayasloboda". The Tsar actively recruited professionals from Western Europe in military or engineering affairs. Peter the Great is even known as the "pro-German" and there are many Germans in his close friends. Caterina the Great is a German. She allowed the Germans to settle in the Volga region of Russia. The palace called them "Russian Germans" (or Russkie nemtsy). At this time, nemtsy specifically refers to "German" . Later, in order to show friendship with foreigners, Russia called all foreigners nemtsy (" Germans"). This is the origin of Russia calling Western Europeans "German". (Zhang Yuezhuo, Xi'an, Shaanxi)
Nicholas Rorich "Guests Overseas"
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