The rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms should start with Wu , because it was the chaos caused by the Wu Kingdom. When the Wu Kingdom was reigned, the Wu Kingdom had a rift with the central government. At that time, the prince of Wu, Liu Xian, went to , Chang'an, to pay homage to him. He often ate, drank and gambling with Liu Qi, who was still the prince of the Western Han Dynasty. Liu Xian liked to win at the gambling table, spoke rudely, and had a bad attitude. He annoyed Liu Qi, so Liu Qi picked up the wooden board used for gambling and threw it at Liu Xian. Unfortunately, he smashed Liu Xian to death on the spot. Central Government sent Liu Xian's coffin back to the Wu Kingdom for burial. When the coffin arrived in the Wu Kingdom, King Wu Liu Bi said angrily: "Our surnamed Liu is all a family. Since we died in Chang'an, we will be buried in Chang'an. Why not do this forever?" Finally, the coffin was sent back to Chang'an and buried in Chang'an.
From then on, Liu Bi began to disobey the etiquette that the country should abide by, claiming that he was sick and did not go to Chang'an to pay homage. These actions made the central government very angry and ordered the arrest of the envoys of Wu and interrogated the reasons for not coming to court. At this time, Liu Bi was very scared and had the intention of rebellion. Later, Liu Bi sent envoys to Chang'an to pay homage. Liu Heng personally asked the reason, and the envoy of Wu State said: "My King of Wu is not sick. It was just because the central government arrested the envoys of Wu State several times. The king was afraid and had to pretend to be sick. Please forgive his past mistakes." So Liu Heng pardoned all the envoys of Wu State, sent them back to Wu State, and sent Liu Bi coffee tables, walking sticks and other items, understanding that he was old and sick, and was especially sure not to pay his respects. Therefore, the King of Wu's intention to rebel for the first time was "death in the womb".
However, Liu Bi did not buy it because he had copper ore that could mint money and salt for people's livelihood necessities in Wu, so civilians did not pay any taxes. It was also ordered that all those who served in the frontier would be paid by the Wu government (in order to win people's hearts, they would pay for those who served in the army). During the holidays, we have condolences to domestic talents and rewards to ordinary neighbors. At this time, the central government official Chao Cuo (the prince's servant) repeatedly wrote letters, suggesting that Liu Bi keeps making mistakes, weaken the strength of the Wu Kingdom and reduce the land area. Liu Heng has always ruled with kindness and ethics, and could not bear to do so, so the Wu Kingdom became even more unscrupulous. After Liu Qi ascended the throne, Chao Cuo once again suggested to Emperor Jing Liu Qi and said to Liu Qi: "Now all the vassal states are very large. There are more than 70 counties in Qi State, more than 40 counties in Chu State, and more than 50 counties in Wu State. The monarchs of these three vassal states are either concubines or alienated relatives, but they are divided into half of the world. Liu Bi pretended to be sick and did not come to pay his respects because of the death of his son that year, and should be killed. The late emperor Liu Heng could not bear to do that, but instead gave him a tea table, a cane, etc. He should have made a reform, but unexpectedly he became more and more aggressive, luring the desperate people in the world to conspire to rebel. This person would rebel sooner or later, why don't we act earlier?" Liu Qi was also unsure of his mind and ordered high-level officials to participate in the discussion of this matter.
Just when the situation was uncertain, King Chu Liu Wu went to Chang'an to pay homage. Chao Cuo impeached Liu Wu again, saying that he had gone to bed with a woman in private during the death of the Empress Dowager Bo last year and should have beheaded. Liu Qi ordered the pardon of death and the removal of Chu's East China Sea . At this time, Chao Cuo began a series of crackdowns, and Liu Tun also made a mistake in tracing Zhao State Changshan County. Liu Su, the king of Jiaoxi, also made a mistake and cut off six counties. Due to a series of acts of reducing land in the country, King Liu Bi of Wu was panicked and his intention to rebel rose again. So he sent an envoy to the King of Jiaoxi Liu Huo and said to Liu Huo: "Liu Qi appointed Chao Cuo, listened to slander, reduced the land of the country, and killed ministers. The real purpose behind these actions is probably not only to reduce the land of the country!" Liu Huo said, "It is true, what should we do?" The envoy said, "The King of Wu has the same worries as the King. He is willing to eradicate disasters for the world. What do the king's will do?" After hearing this, Liu Huo shouted, "How can we do this? Although Liu Qi is harsh, how can he rebel?" The envoy said, "When the people complain, it is the time when the saint stands up.While the King of Wu issued a statement asking for the killing of Chao Cuo, he dispatched his army to follow the king, and all the troops would be restored. Who dared not to accept it? If the king promises, the world can be swallowed up. Then, wouldn’t it be a great achievement for the King of Wu to divide the country with the King? "Liu Zuo replied, "That's the decision. "And sent envoys to Qi State, Zichuan State , Jiaodong State , and Jinan State conspired to rebel, and all countries agreed to the request.
In 154 BC, the central government finally ordered the reduction of the Wu State, ordering the recovery of the two counties of Kuaiji and Yuzhang . After the edict arrived in Wu State, King Liu Bin of Wu raised an army to rebel and killed all the officials sent by the central government to Wu State. Jiaoxi State , Jiaodong State, Zichuan State, Chu State, and Zhao State simultaneously raised an army to respond. After Seven Kingdoms issued a revival notice, Liu Qi appointed the commander of Chang'an Garrison District Zhou Yafu is the commander-in-chief of the national army (Taiwei), leading thirty-six generals to fight against the Wu and Chu coalition. Send Li Ji to attack Zhao State. Send general Luan Bu to attack Qi State. At the same time, send Dou Ying to serve as the general, stationed in Xingyang to monitor Zhao State.
During this period, Liu Qizheng discussed military operations with Chao Cuo, and Chao Cuo suggested that Liu Qi lead the imperial expedition in person, and he stayed in Chang'an. Liu Qi was very surprised and at a loss. Just when Liu Qi was at a loss, the prime minister of Wu State Yuan Ang Jin met Liu Qi and told Liu Qi about the reason for the rebellion of Wu State. Liu Qi asked: "Now the rebellion of Wu State, what do you think? "Yuan Ang said: "No need to worry. ”
Liu Qi asked: “Then what can we do to deal with it? "Yuan Ang said: "Wu and Chu issued a statement claiming that the high emperor bans each have their own borders. The treacherous minister Chao Cuo arbitrarily punished the kings and princes of various countries to reduce the land of various countries, so he was forced to raise an army, aiming to kill Chao Cuo and restore the land. The only way now is to kill Chao Cuo and restore the enfeoffed land, which can stop the rebellion. "After more than ten days after talking to Liu Qi and Yuan Ang, Liu Qi ordered Prime Minister Tao Qing and the Minister of Justice (Tingwei) to jointly impeach Chao Cuo and filed a request to behead Chao Cuo in half. Liu Qi immediately approved it. On the 29th of the first lunar month, Liu Qi ordered the Chang'an security commander to send a message to Chao Cuo in the palace and Jin to meet him. The two of them took a car together, and on the street, Chao Cuo was beheaded and killed by a warrior. Afterwards, Liu Qi asked Mr. Deng, who was the military commander in front, and said to him: "You know that Chao Cuo was killed in front. Did the Wu and Chu coalition forces retreat? "Deng Gong said: "The conspiracy of the rebellion of Wu State has been brewing for more than ten years. Cutting the ground is just a fuse, and killing Chao Cuo is just an excuse. "Liu Qi asked, "Oh, I regret killing Chao Cuo, too. "
At this time, the Grand Marshal Zhou Yafu led his army to directly target Changyi . The Wu and Chu coalition forces attacked Suiyang ( Liangguo Capital), and Liu Wu kept sending envoys to Zhou Yafu for help. Zhou Yafu ignored it, but just stood firm and sent Han Tuidang ( Han Wang Han Xin's son) and others The general led the light cavalry troops south to cross the Huaihe , and after going around to the Wu and Chu coalition, he cut off the supply line of the Wu and Chu coalition. After the Wu and Chu coalition gathered again in Xiayi, the Wu and Chu coalition launched a fierce attack. Zhou Yafu refused to go out to fight, but just guarded the camp strictly. The Wu and Chu coalition could not invade, and the logistics supply line was also cut off. The Wu and Chu coalition began to lack food, and the soldiers were exhausted. In addition, they were hungry, so many soldiers were starved to death. The Wu and Chu coalition had no choice but to Retreat. In February, Zhou Yafu dispatched elite troops to pursue the army. The Wu-Chu coalition army was defeated. King Liu Bi of Wu, who was the commander, led thousands of trusted guards to flee at night. King Liu Wu of Chu saw that the situation was hopeless and committed suicide.
Liu Bi fled south to cross the Yangtze River , defended Dantu (Dongdantu Town, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province), and planned to retreat to The Kingdom of Donghai (Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province). At this time, Liu Bi had gathered more than 10,000 defeated generals. The central government had bribed the Kingdom of Donghai with a large sum of money. Luo Wang, the king of Donghai, asked Liu Bi to come and comfort the army. When Liu Bi was comforting the army, Luo Wang sent a killer to kill Liu Bi. Luo Wang looked at Liu Bi's head and reported it to Liu Qi. The prince of Wu, Liu Ju, fled to the south and defected to the Kingdom of Minyue. Since then, Wu Chu's rebellion has been completely suppressed after three months.
When the seven countries rebelled and planned to send troops together, Qi did not send troops, so they were attacked by the three coalition forces of Zibo, Jinan and Jiaoxi. The capital of Qi was Linzi (East Linzi District, Zibo City, Shandong Province). Qi sent envoys to inform Emperor Liu Qi. Liu Qi sent the Central Army to defeat the Three Kingdoms troops and Linzi rescued the siege. Afterwards, Luan Bu, a general of the Central Army, discovered that Qi State had also participated in the conspiracy of rebellion and was preparing to attack Qi State. The King of Qi committed suicide by taking poison for fear of crime. Soon, the King of Jiaodong, Zibo and Jinan were all executed.
After Li Ji led his army to Zhao State, King Liu Soong of Zhao retreated back to Handan. Luan Bu happened to return from Qi State and met with Li Ji. He decided to use the river water to irrigate into Handan City. The city wall collapsed and Liu Soong committed suicide.
The author said: The seven-nation rebellion that occurred during the reign of Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty was originally caused by the death of Liu Xian, the son of King Liu Bi of Wu, and a crack was created with the central government. In addition, Chao Cuo showed his skills at that time and was determined to reduce the land of each fiefdom, which made the kings of each fiefdom fearful and worried that one day their fiefdom would be weakened, which led to a great rebellion between the famous kings of the same surname in the history of the Western Han Dynasty.
The rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms is a major turning point in history. If the Seven Kingdoms win, China will probably return to the Warring States era. If each other is dissatisfied, they will definitely annex each other. If the seven countries fail, the status of the Western Han Dynasty in the hearts of the people will be further consolidated, and the military actions to suppress the rebellion of the seven countries will make the ruling regime of the Liu family more impoverished.
As for Chao Cuo's death, it is indeed a bit unfair. Everything Chao Cuo did was to consolidate the regime of the Western Han Dynasty. It’s just that the means are relatively strict and they are embarrassed by others everywhere, which leads to provoking many political enemies. If they make too many enemies, they will be in danger. This is indeed unwise. Liu Qi was also a little impulsive when he followed Yuan Ang's advice. As a more kind monarch, he really didn't want to see soldiers fighting against each other and the people were suffering. In addition, Chao Cuo had asked him to lead the army in person before, and Chao Cuo's own suggestion to stay in Chang'an made Liu Qi unable to figure it out for a while, and he was worried that Chao Cuo would also be rebellious, which led to Liu Qi's order to kill Chao Cuo by mistake. This is also due to the situation!
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