Everyone knows that after the death of Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang , there was a civil war in the Ming Dynasty, that is, the Jingnan Campaign launched by Zhu Yuanzhang's four sons Zhu Di . Through the Jingnan Campaign, Zhu Di successfully defeated Zhu Yuanzhang's eldest grandson. After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, he inherited the throne of the Ming Dynasty and became the Ming Taizong (later his temple name was changed to Ming Chengzu ). After the Jingnan Campaign, there was no clear statement about Zhu Yunwen's ending, so there were many legends about his whereabouts among the people, so some people even thought that Zheng He's voyage to the West might be to find Zhu Yunwen. According to historical records of the Ming Dynasty, although Zhu Yunwen was not old when he disappeared after the Jingnan Campaign, he had already had children at that time. So what happened to his offspring after he disappeared? How did his descendants relate to 's Tumubao's change ?
Zhu Yunwen's family
If you want to say that Zhu Yunwen can become emperor, he has actually experienced many twists and turns. In fact, Zhu Yuanzhang attached great importance to the inheritance of his throne. In 1373 AD, the sixth year after he founded the Ming Dynasty, he promulgated the "Historical Instructions for Himself" to admonish his descendants, which determined the principles of the inheritance of the throne. In 1395 AD, that is, in the 28th year of Hongwu , Zhu Yuanzhang revised the "Ancestral Instructions" and renamed it to " Emperor Ming's Ancestral Instructions ", and then re-promulgated it.
Zhu Yuanzhang has always attached great importance to inheritance issues and clearly stipulated in the "Instructions of the Emperor Ming Ancestors":
Anyone who has no prince in the court must have a brother and a brother must be born of a legitimate mother. Born by a concubine's mother, she cannot stand even if she grows up. If a treacherous minister abandons the legitimate position and establishes the common people, the common people must keep their part and not move. If the letter is sent to report to the legitimate position, the legitimate position must be in the throne. The court immediately beheaded the treacherous ministers, and in the third year, he was pilgrimage to , as in the previous style.
Although this paragraph mainly refers to the "morning court", that is, the emperor does not have a prince, the principle of inheriting the throne is also very clear. In other words, the legitimate son should be given priority to inherit the throne, that is, the descendants born to the emperor's wife, and the emperor's concubine, the son born to concubines other than the wife, cannot be established even if he is the eldest son. Even if a treacherous minister violates the regulations and establishes a concubine's son, the concubine's son must keep his duty, send someone to report to the legitimate son, then support the legitimate son, behead the treacherous minister, and then abide by the obligations of the ministers. He has become the legitimate son of the new emperor every three years.
So it can be said that when Zhu Yuanzhang was alive, he had blocked the legal path of becoming an emperor under any circumstances. But what is very dramatic is that in the end, he violated the rules he set when he was still alive and established the descendants of the concubine as heirs.
Emperor Jianwen was not Zhu Yuanzhang's legitimate grandson
Of course, many friends may say that Zhu Yunwen was the eldest son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the son of Zhu Biao , so his inheritance of Zhu Yuanzhang's throne did not violate the provisions of the "Emperor Ming Dynasty". But in fact, although Zhu Biao was Zhu Yuanzhang's eldest son, Zhu Yunwen was not Zhu Biao's legitimate son. Zhu Biao's eldest son is Zhu Xiongying , and he died at the age of 7. However, although he died early, his mother gave birth to a son for Zhu Biao, named Zhu Yunhuang (tēng), so in fact, Zhu Biao still had a legitimate son at that time.
But for some reason, Zhu Yuanzhang completely disliked his own legitimate grandson, so after Zhu Biao passed away in 1392 AD, he immediately skipped Zhu Yunhu and made Zhu Biao's concubine son Zhu Yunwen the crown prince. Three years later, Zhu Yuanzhang named Ma, the daughter of Guanglu Shaoqing (an official in charge of royal diet) Ma Quan, as the grandson concubine, and Ma later gave birth to two sons for Zhu Yunwen, so according to official history records, Zhu Yunwen had at least two sons.
The experience of Zhu Yunwen's family after the Jingnan Campaign
On June 24, 1398, Zhu Yuanzhang died. Six days later, Zhu Yunwen officially ascended the throne and became emperor.In February of the following year, Zhu Yunwen appointed Ma as the queen, and the eldest son of Ma, Zhu Wenkui, was soon admitted as the crown prince, and he was only over two years old at that time. However, even at that time, Zhu Wenkui's fate had already undergone a major change. Because although Zhu Yuanzhang had a special favor with Zhu Yunwen before, he had always been somewhat repulsive of Zhu Yunwen's eldest son, his great-grandson Zhu Wenkui.
This is because Zhu Wenkui was born on November 30, 1896. According to the calendar used at that time, this day was the day of Jiayinhui in October of the 29th year of Hongwu. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang felt that his date of birth was "the sun and the moon are both ending, which is a sign of great danger", so he disliked him very much since he was born. However, after Zhu Yuanzhang's death, Zhu Yunwen, who became emperor, still made his eldest son the crown prince according to the principles of "The Instructions of the Emperor Ming Dynasty".
Zhu Di became emperor through the Jingnan Campaign
But in the Jingnan Campaign a few years later, Zhu Di's army won consecutive victories and invaded Nanjing City on June 13, 1402 AD. Then a fire broke out in the imperial palace in Nanjing. After this, Zhu Yunwen's whereabouts became a mystery. However, relatively speaking, the whereabouts of Zhu Yunwen's queen Ma's husband were relatively certain, that is, he was burned to death in the fire. According to the later historical material " Mingtongjian ", after Zhu Di entered the city, his subordinates found the body of Empress Ma, but Zhu Di said that the body was Zhu Yunwen's. He also grabbed the body's hand and said, "What's the fool, why bother like this?", which means "Silly boy, why bother like this."
At that time, Zhu Yunwen's eldest son Zhu Wenkui, who was over 5 years old, was the same as Zhu Yunwen. There was no conclusion. However, folk sayings generally believe that he was burned to death in the fire like his mother. However, this does not mean that there are no records of Zhu Yunwen's descendants in history books since then. In fact, there are clear records in history books about Zhu Yunwen's descendants, and this record is mainly about Zhu Yunwen's other legitimate son, , Zhu Wengui, .
Zhu Wengui's fate turned into a turning point
This Zhu Wengui is also the child of Zhu Yunwen and Ma. He was born in 1401 AD. In other words, when Zhu Di's army captured Nanjing, he was only 1 year old. Perhaps it was because he was too young at that time and knew nothing about his parents, brothers and his identities that Zhu Di did show his kindness to him. Not only did he not kill him, he also allowed him to grow up safely.
Zhu Di did not kill all the descendants of Emperor Jianwen
But under the circumstances at that time, although Zhu Di did not kill him, he did not let him live a normal life. Instead, he quickly moved him to Mingzhongdu , which is the Guang'an Palace in Fengyang, Anhui, the hometown of Zhu Yuanzhang, and was placed under house arrest. So it can be said that Zhu Wengui has been under house arrest since he can remember, and has spent most of his life under house arrest. During this period, he has been called " Jianshu ".
But no matter what, Zhu Di should have no intention of killing Zhu Wengui, so he did not lose his life in his teenage years because of various "illness" or "accidents" like many members of the royal family in history. On the contrary, he lived to his 50s. So he not only survived Zhu Di's Yongle Dynasty, but also survived Zhu Di's son, Zhu Gaochi and grandson, Zhu Zhanji, and lived until Zhu Di's great-grandson, when Zhu Di's great-grandson, Ming Yingzong, , Zhu Qi (qí) reigned.
, and friends who know a little about Ming Shi know that during the reign of Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty, a major change occurred in the Ming Dynasty, that is, the Tumubao Incident. In 1449 AD, the Mongolian tribes that controlled the Mongolian tribes at that time carried out a large-scale invasion of the Central Plains under the leadership of his leader Yeshen Taishi. At the suggestion of the eunuch Wang Zhen , Ming Yingzong decided to lead the army to fight against the Oirat. But the result of this personal expedition was disastrous. The Ming Dynasty army was defeated by the Ola army, with heavy casualties. Emperor Yingzong of Ming himself was even captured by Yesian. This was the Tumu Fort Incident. Later, Yesen also took Emperor Yingzong of Ming to attack Beijing.
The situation of the Tumu Fort painted in ancient books of the Ming Dynasty
In this case, the Ming court left behind in Beijing urgently decided to establish a new king, and established the half-brother of Emperor Yingzong of Ming, who was also a concubine, as the emperor. Later, Zhu Qiyu appointed Yu Qian as the Minister of War, and successfully defeated Yesian in Beijing Defense Battle, stabilizing the situation in the Ming Dynasty. After this, the Ola quickly took the initiative to propose peace talks with the Ming Dynasty and expressed his willingness to return the Ming Emperor Yingzong. But Zhu Qiyu, who had become the new emperor at that time, did not want Emperor Yingzong of Ming to go back. However, at that time, the old ministers of Emperor Yingzong of Ming were still very influential in the court, so soon Hongluo (an official in charge of court etiquette) Yang Shan sold his property and went on a mission to Oirat alone. Without Zhu Qiyu's consent, he persuaded Emperor Yingzong of Ming first to release him.
But this made Zhu Qiyu very unhappy and also aroused his high alert. So after Emperor Yingzong of Ming Dynasty returned, he immediately placed him under house arrest in Chongzhi Palace on Nanheyan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing today, and sent Jinyiwei to monitor him closely. Shortly afterwards, Zhu Qiyu deposed the prince originally appointed by Emperor Yingzong of Ming and appointed his son as the prince.
But this Zhu Qiyu does not seem to have the emperor's life. His son, , Zhu Jianshen, died just one year after being made the crown prince, and was only over eight years old at that time. Zhu Qiyu himself fell seriously ill soon after and could not attend the court. As a result, some ministers who were still loyal to Emperor Yingzong of Ming launched a coup on February 11, 1457 AD and supported Emperor Yingzong of Ming to restore the throne. In this way, Emperor Yingzong of Ming became the emperor of the Ming Dynasty again.
Jingtai Emperor Zhu Qiyu
Then, after seeing this, some friends may ask, are you confused about the Peach Blossom Stone Chat? Isn’t your article written about Zhu Yunwen’s descendants? How come Zhu Di’s descendants have not finished writing about it? But in fact, the Peach Blossom Stone talk did not go off topic, because this series of changes had a major impact on the fate of Zhu Wengui, who was still alive in Fengyang at that time.
Because Ming Yingzong had experienced several years of house arrest after returning to Beijing and had a different life experience, he actually resonated with Zhu Wengui, who was also under house arrest. Shortly after re-assinating the throne, Emperor Yingzong of Ming expressed his intention to release Zhu Wengui to the Grand Secretary Li Xian , and said, "I really can't bear to be kissed." His statement was immediately highly praised by Li Xian, saying, " Yao and Shun are nothing more than that." As a result, Ming Yingzong reported that the Empress Dowager wanted to release Zhu Wengui.
Ming Yingzong released Zhu Wengui
Although some of the ministers of Ming Yingzong quickly suggested that if Emperor Jianwen's son was released, it might lead to unpredictable changes, Ming Yingzong seemed very generous at this time and actually said, "If he has a destiny, he will do it himself", that is, "If he has a destiny, then let him do it." Of course, in the eyes of Taohuashi Zatan, Ming Yingzong actually knew that Zhu Wengui, who had been under house arrest since he was over one year old, could not cause any storm. The purpose of his doing this was actually to make people all over the world think that it was wrong for the emperor to put the royal family under house arrest, so as to highlight that Zhu Qiyu was wrong for putting himself in house arrest before, and in turn, highlighted the legitimacy of his regaining the throne.
But no matter what, Zhu Wengui was indeed released because of this, and Emperor Yingzong of Ming also ordered the construction of a house for him in Fengyang so that he could enter and exit freely, and also married him wives and concubines, and gave him slaves to take care of his life.
According to historical records, Zhu Wengui, who was 56 years old at the time, could not help but feel sad and happy in the face of such a life change, and told people that he had never thought he could still get such treatment.But he, who was under house arrest since childhood, seemed very uncomfortable in the face of sudden "freedom". Historical books record that he did not even recognize the cattle and horses, but instead caused disaster due to blessings and died soon after...
Ming Xianzong Zhu Jianru also treated Zhu Wengui's descendants with preferential treatment
However, the story of Zhu Yunwen's descendants still did not end here, because although he died shortly after being released, the wives and concubines given to Zhu Wengui by Emperor Yingzong of Ming seemed to have given birth to descendants for him (some people also believe that Zhu Wengui had already married and had children during the previous house arrest), and these descendants were later given some preferential treatment from the Ming court. For example, in 1468 AD, the then-reigning Ming Yingzong Zhu Jianru (rú), the son of Ming Xianzong, also ordered the Ministry of Works to provide clothes and materials to the descendants of Zhu Wengui and Zhu Yunyu to make up for the shortage of clothes and materials for the two families.
. During the reign of Emperor Xianzong of Ming Dynasty, Ming Xiaozong . During the reign of Zhu Youzhang, there were even civilian Miao Gong who wrote a letter to ask him to be king of Zhu Wengui's descendants. However, this proposal led to Miao Gong being thrown into prison. In the end, Ming Xiaozong personally pardoned him and escaped. But this statement also shows that Zhu Wengui's descendants may have received certain courtesy from the Ming court at that time. In modern times, there is a saying that some people living in Lingbao City, Henan Province today with the surname "Jian" may be Zhu Wengui, who is the descendant of Zhu Yunwen, and their surname "Jian" can be said to be derived from Zhu Yunwen's " Jianwen " year name and Zhu Wengui's long-term title "Jianshu Ren". In any case, although Zhu Yunwen's final destination is an inconclusive mystery, he has been passed down from generation to generation and has left some ripples in history. (Pictures from the Internet)
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