During the Soviet area, due to the Kuomintang government's military "encirclement and suppression" that "killed people" and its economic blockade that "starved to death", the consolidation and development of the Central Soviet Area base areas faced serious difficulties.

Caixi: Loyalty for the Revolution

□ Written by: Zhang Jinshui Edited by: Qiu Quanbin

During the Soviet Area period, due to the Kuomintang government's military "encirclement and suppression" that "killed people" and the economic blockade that "starved to death", the Central Soviet Area The consolidation and development of base areas are facing serious difficulties. Under the leadership of the party and the Soviet government, the people of Caixi carried out labor production enthusiastically, increased revenue and reduced expenditure; responded to the government's call, actively purchased public bonds, refunded grain stamps, and actively contributed to the revolutionary cause; the cadres in the Soviet area were honest, frugal in food and clothing, and took the lead in expanding their popularity and publicity Serve as an example; the people help each other and carry out struggles against suppression and anti-imperialist aggression. It is precisely because of the great achievements, major contributions, valuable experience gained by the cadres and masses of Caixi District in establishing and consolidating the base area, and its importance to the revolution that Caixi has been recognized as "a strong forward position for the victory of all China."

Open up wasteland, expand production, and consolidate the construction of development bases

In late July 1929, Caixi implemented the spirit of the "Resolution on Land Issues" of the Communist Party of China's Western Fujian Congress and set off a vigorous agrarian revolutionary movement, which brought Caixi, which had been oppressed for a long time, to The people got the land and became the masters. For a time, there was a happy scene of "It's so busy dividing the fields." Their enthusiasm for labor was unprecedentedly high, and they actively produced and supported the revolutionary war. In order to consolidate the new red regime, they cherished and protected their regime, the Soviets, as their lifeblood. Young and middle-aged people actively joined the army, and other masses worked selflessly, reclaimed wasteland, eliminated wasteland, and competed to start labor competition. For example: In December 1933, a joint meeting of land ministers of the four counties of Shanghang, Xinquan, Wuping, and Daiying was held at the Caixi District Soviet Government, and an agreement was reached to mobilize the masses to widely plant wheat, rape, and alpinia. This winter, various competition contracts for production activities such as Pizhen and Daji Fertilizer will be completed, and Caixi and Nanyang will launch labor competitions. At that time, there was a popular saying in Caixi: "Create cultivated land and cultivate wasteland, pick up the hoe and go to the hill; use the hoe as a gun, and the wasteland as a battlefield. The only purpose is to increase production and support the Red Army to win the war; get up early and work three times in the morning, and everyone rushes to charge. , the spring plowing plan is completed, and the working people will be poor." This fully demonstrates the Caixi people's active development of production and hard work, and reflects the working people's yearning for a better life in the future and their high enthusiasm for revolution. "Red China" Issue 90, Page 5 reported: "Due to the leadership of the party and government, the masses' interest in production and enthusiasm for work have been increased. Everyone is rushing to eliminate wasteland and destroy nearby mountains, sand dams and thousands of years of history. The wasteland and hills have been reclaimed, and the area of ​​sweet potatoes grown is about a thousand tons of field. The field ridges are full of grains, vegetables, beans, etc., especially in 12 townships such as Caixi, Tongxian, and Dongli. "The great achievements made by the people of Caixi on the production front have won the province." Two honorary plaques were awarded as "Model Area on the Production Front" and "Special Model Production" awarded by the Central Land Department.

The picture shows the "Spring Plowing Movement Pictorial" issued by the Land People's Committee of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Union on February 15, 1933, witnessing the history of Caixi people's active development of production

Since more than 80% of the young adults in Caixi have joined the army to engage in revolution Yes, labor is a big problem. To this end, the people of Caixi used their creativity, with women as the main force, and the elderly and children working together. They also relied on the mutual adjustment of labor forces, established labor cooperatives, plowing teams, and mass mutual assistance to make up for the shortage of labor force. As Mao Zedong said in "Caixi Township Survey" "Therefore, farming mainly relies on women, especially the 'old comrades' who are very energetic and can open up mountains and ridges. Some of them can also cultivate fields and cut crops. In addition to women, In addition to the participation of the elderly and children in production, it also relies on the mutual adjustment of labor force. Party and League members also work on "Saturdays", so production has developed further."

It is said that " the economic base determines the superstructure ", "Only economic construction combined with political mobilization can create higher enthusiasm for expanding the Red Army and push the masses to go to the front."With their hard-working hands and wisdom, under the leadership of the party and the Soviet government, the people of Caixi abolished the feudal land system, divided the land, and vigorously developed production, which greatly improved people's living standards, allowing the Caixi Soviet Area to break through the economic shackles of the Kuomintang and win The overall victory of the anti-economic blockade consolidated the new workers' and peasants' power.

Purchasing public bonds and refunding grain coupons demonstrates the great revolutionary enthusiasm

Subject to the economic blockade and brutal military "encirclement and suppression" operations of imperialism and the Kuomintang, production and life in the Central Soviet Area were struggling. In order to support the Red Army's front line, the Central Soviet Area vigorously promoted economic construction bonds. In July 1933, with the support of the masses, the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Union issued 3 million yuan of economic construction bonds, and the people of Caixi rushed to subscribe. Page 1 of Issue 156 of "Red China" reported on March 1, 1934: " Shanghang Caixi Liu Derong purchased public bonds for 45 yuan, Lin Weiqiu purchased public bonds for 40 yuan, and Xichu purchased public bonds for 45 yuan. Leide Cai I also sold a pig I raised for more than 20 yuan, and used all the money I saved from selling more than 400 kilograms of millet to buy public bonds."

In addition to purchasing public bonds, the people of Caixi also strongly supported the Red Army’s revolutionary materials. Borrowing and refunding grain coupons is the best proof. On July 11, 1933, "Red China" Issue 93, Page 5, reported a report titled "Caixi District's The article "Red May Work·A Glorious Model for the Whole Province of Fujian", in which 140 dan of grain was lent to the Red Army and 375 dan of grain coupons were returned. Page 2 of issue 90 of "Red China" wrote: "All grain stamps have been refunded for 3,055 pieces (ten pounds each). They have been paid to the County Su Finance Department and are still being refunded. ." Many touching stories emerged from the people in Caixi District who responded to the call to buy public bonds and refund grain coupons. "Red China" Issue 91, Page 3, July 5, 1933, "Summary of the Return of Public Debt in June": "In June, Caixi District returned 5,300 yuan, which is a glorious example, which is even more worthy of admiration. "Red China" Issue 227, Page 4, reported on August 20, 1934, "The people in Shanghang enthusiastically carried out the autumn harvest harvest harvest." "Grain transportation": "According to the county's statistics for the past ten days, the county has mobilized 3,350 dans, and collected 11,000 dans from the people of Caixi and Tongxian districts. Although farming is at its most stressful, At the same call, hundreds of people gathered in a swarm (even the children were very enthusiastic to pick), and sent Migu to the designated place at night. . As a result, more than 900 loads of millet were delivered in just five days. This is a glorious example that comrades in all counties, especially border counties, should learn from.”

The picture shows the public debt register of Caixi Township

. Yu Muti, who went up to Cai River, successively Three sons were sent to serve in the Red Army. No one in the family plowed the fields. She took the lead in learning to plow, harrow, weed, fertilize and sow. The more than 10 acres of rice fields she was responsible for had a bumper harvest every year. She dedicated the best one of them to the Red Army. In the public grain field, every time she delivered public grain , she was the first in the village and was called a model old mother who supported the Red Army. After Mao Zedong learned about her situation during an investigation in Caixi in 1933, he praised her as a production expert who loved working. People in the village praised her: "I am strong in labor and production, and have a good harvest every year. public food”.

In addition, a "rice selling cooperative" was established in Caixi Soviet Area to buy rice for the Red Army passing by, pedestrians, government workers and refugees. Since the masses set up this cooperative, the Red Army and "refugees" no longer sell rice to the masses. I went door to door to buy rice. The people of Caixi responded to the call of the district Soviet government and actively purchased public bonds and refunded grain coupons. This borrowing and refunding highlighted the great revolutionary spirit and noble moral sentiments of the Caixi people, and demonstrated that the Caixi people are dedicated to the common good and overcome the times together. The great revolutionary enthusiasm is based on the fundamental interests of the party and the people.

The people of Caixi worked hard and obtained a large amount of supplies, and they were not stingy in comforting the Red Army. "Red China" alone has 9 reports about Caixi people's condolences to the Red Army, condolences to the sick and wounded soldiers, the victorious Red Army, the 19th Red Army , helped the Red Army wash clothes, and donated materials (straw sandals, clothes, pork, vegetables) to the Red Army etc.), do your best, give everything you have, and make selfless contributions."Red China" Issue 93, Page 5, April 17, 1933: "When our Red Army passed through Caixi District recently, the people in Caixi came to express their condolences to the Red Army enthusiastically. There were so many tributes that they could pile up a hill, including pork. Eight hundred catties, six hundred and thirteen large firewood (usually prepared), 282 loads of vegetables, 400 pairs of linen shoes, and mobilized 400 to 500 laundry teams to help the Red Army with laundry. This is a model to comfort the Red Army, and everyone should follow its example. " Among those who came to comfort the Red Army, Caixi women were the most prominent. For example: Huang Ximei, a woman in the third village, sold a pig and a bucket of grain, cut cloth and made 30 pairs of straw sandals to send to the Red Army. Fu Zhaodi, a woman in the fourth village, made 60 pairs of military shoes. August 23, 1933 The "Youth Truth" newspaper praised: "Caixi women are very enthusiastic about making cloth and straw shoes. Each person makes 5 or 7 pairs. It is common in the whole district to make 20 or 30 pairs. There were quite a few, especially one of the most enthusiastic comrades who took the initiative to make 50 or 60 pairs of straw sandals and send them to the Red Army. "The Red Army soldiers received such warm condolences from the people of Caixi, which inspired their revolutionary fighting spirit to be indomitable, fearless of sacrifice, and even more so. It improved the fighting courage and class unity of the soldiers and inspired them to fight to the end to protect the interests of the workers and peasants and strive for an overall victory in the revolutionary war.

Diligent, frugal and honest, the red mobilization mobilization took the lead to set an example

"The cadres in the Soviet area have a good style. They bring their own rice bags to work; they work in the revolution in straw sandals during the day and walk on the mountain roads at night to visit poor peasants." This popular song in the Caixi Soviet area is attributed to a group of people. A true portrayal of the cadres in Caixi Soviet Area who are diligent, frugal, honest, active in spreading their reputation, and caring about people's livelihood. During the Soviet area, due to extremely difficult production and living conditions, cadres in the Caixi Soviet area actively responded to the call of the Party and the Soviet to "save every copper plate for the cause of war and revolution" and took the lead in saving. Page 3 of "Red China" Issue 139 on January 1, 1934: "The Caixi District Soviet District Committee and various organizations and organizations, in order to realize the call of the Red Central Committee: carry out all savings, oppose all waste, concentrate all funds, and strive for all the war Victory." They actively responded to the call of the party and the Soviet area government and summoned all workers. At the general meeting, the meeting decided that each person would save a copper plate every day, not eat snacks, try to save all office expenses, and work hard to plant sparse vegetables. In addition to the established vegetable gardens, we should build additional vegetable gardens so that we would not buy vegetables at all and save money on grocery shopping. It was decided that all the staff should go home and take five days' worth of food and the rest of the food for the five days. This saved food expense will be fully used to provide preferential treatment to the families of the Red Army and solve all their difficulties, so as to reduce the concerns of the comrades at the front about their families. A meeting of Red Army family members was held in each township to provide them with spiritual and material comfort and completely resolve all their difficulties.

The picture shows the "Red China" newspaper on November 4, 1932, praising the red expansion movement of Caixi.

Caixi District and Township cadres brought their own rice bags to plant and cut crops for the families of the Red Army and martyrs during the day, and carried lanterns into the remote areas at night. In mountain villages, we visited poor farmers, farm laborers and households in need from door to door. They recorded in their notebooks the people's financial affairs, housing, marriage, illness, and clothing, and helped them one by one and solved them in time. For example: After the house of farmhand Wang Shengqi in Shangcai River was burned down by fire, Xiangsu Chairman Wang Jinxing immediately led the villagers to donate work and materials, and it took only two days to help Wang Shengqi repair his house. Wang Shengqi was very moved and soon mobilized his son to become a Red Army soldier. , went to the front line. Of course, honesty and integrity are the most basic requirements for cadres, and there are also "rat droppings" among the cadres. In July 1929, shortly after the success of the Caixi riot, the government formulated and introduced a series of systems, stipulating that "all confiscated silver dollar property shall be owned by the public and shall not be used as one's own. Corruption of 500 ocean html Those who embezzled more than 100 oceans were sentenced to prison, and those who embezzled less than 100 oceans were sentenced to forced labor for half a year. Lin Zuguang, captain of the Caixi Red Guards, was imprisoned in Shanghang County on February 15, 1930 for taking the confiscated silver coins as his own. Executions by the Soviet government.

The work of expanding the Red Army in Caixi Soviet Area is very good. The township party branch and the township Soviet government organized a Red Army propaganda commando to go deep into the masses, mobilize them ideologically, solve difficulties in life, and achieve "government, Three satisfactions: family and individual.The outstanding achievements of the people of Caixi in expanding the Red Army were praised by government agencies. On November 4, 1932, "Red China" published a newspaper and praised it: "Caixi District is the best, with large numbers and good composition, and there are many party and league members. A farewell party That's right, a load of consolation gifts, the neatest, most outstanding, the most expanded political influence, two winning flags. They took it away." According to incomplete statistics, more than 3,400 people among the 16,000 people in Caixi Su District have become Red Army members (80% of young men aged 15 to 55 have become Red Army soldiers, and one in five people per household has become a Red Army member). There was a man who was a member of the Red Army), and scenes of "mothers sending their sons, wives sending their sons, brothers, fathers and sons going into battle together" can be seen everywhere. Mao Zedong wrote in "Survey of Caixi Township": "There are 554 young men (aged 16 to 55 years old) in Shangcaixi, and 485 of them go out to work as Red Army soldiers, accounting for 10% of the total. Eighty-eight, seventy-five-six of all the young and middle-aged men in Xiacaixi went out to serve in the Red Army. , 526 people are working, accounting for 70%. Such a large-scale expansion of the Red Army will definitely not be possible without thoroughly solving the problem from an economic and production perspective, and it can only be done with economic mobilization. Only through political mobilization can there be enthusiasm for expanding the Red Army. tide, achieving the same results as Changgang Township and Caixi Township. "

Aiding refugees, raising money, and launching anti-suppression and anti-aggression struggles. During the Soviet area, warlords, bandits, and local tyrants and evil gentry. When the reactionaries attempted to resume their bloody reactionary rule, the people of Caixi Soviet Area were devastated. Under the shroud of white terror, in the face of the reactionaries' massacre of workers and peasants, expropriation, burning, looting, rape and plunder, the people of Caixi did not give up resistance and launched a heroic struggle. , class mutual aid. On August 16, 1933, the 8th page of the 102nd issue of "Red China" published news about class mutual aid: "The area south of Xiajiaoche was destroyed by the reactionaries, and the poor people lived in dire straits. The three districts in northern Hangzhou (Caixi, Guanzhuang, The workers and peasants in Jiuxian County help each other materially (such as The staff of the Soviet District Committee brought food at home to save the daily food expenses provided by the government to assist the people in distress. Due to the enemy's plunder, there was no rice to eat in Shanghang, but the people in Shanghang were eager to help those who were in trouble. The masses were very enthusiastic. They saved and ate less, and raised a lot of rice to aid the refugees. "Caixi women also actively participated in the struggle against the white terror, "Red China" Issue 102, No. 8, June 23, 1934. Edition: "They made stretchers, carried transports, built forts, and organized companies in the middle of the night Whole platoons were mobilized to clean up the strong walls and deliver messages. In particular, Xiacaixi Township mobilized entire companies and platoons of women's red teams to help the Red Army transport food and military supplies. Now we can see that there are women comrades everywhere on the front line. There are women comrades active everywhere in front-line combat mobilization work."

The picture shows the 5th page of the 93rd issue of "Red China" on July 11, 1933, praising Caixi as "the glorious model of Fujian Province"

The people in Caixi Soviet Area have unlimited revolutionary enthusiasm, and they are also ranked first in the Soviet Area in terms of aiding refugees. A glorious example. This kind of revolutionary enthusiasm to assist the martyred people not only expresses their class love and unity, but also expresses their heroic fighting mood against the white terror. They are full of passion and are ready to shed their blood in order to unite class forces and eliminate class enemies. .

While the people of Caixi carried out class mutual aid and resisted white terror, they did not forget the anti-Japanese revolution. They expressed their high anti-imperialist revolutionary enthusiasm in raising funds to assist the Northeast Volunteer Army . Page 2 of Issue 85 of "Red China" on June 14, 1933: "On May 22, Shanghang County held a farewell meeting for new soldiers in Caixi District. At the meeting, the masses were specially called upon to go to the Red Army for petty expenses. Dayang also donated money on his own initiative, and Comrade Wang Wenmao from Youcaixi District, who was the most enthusiastic and enthusiastic, raised money to support the Northeast Volunteer Army and various groups. Everyone donated enthusiastically. Many new soldiers donated six yuan of their own accord; a comrade in the old county (forgot his name) also donated five yuan; Comrade Qiu Chunan, chairman of Caixi District, led various organizations to bring their own. I came to eat rice and saved 20 yuan in food expenses to support the volunteers who bravely resisted Japan. In total, I donated more than 70 yuan voluntarily at this conference."

Page 5 of Issue 92 on July 11, 1933 reported on the work of Caixi Red May, and listed an entry praising Caixi as "a glorious model for the whole province of Fujian"; Issue 93 of "Red China" on July 11, 1933 Issue 5: " Raising 120 yuan to aid the Northeastern Volunteer Army and donating 355 yuan to the refugees; "Red China" Issue 102, Page 8, August 16, 1933: "Only one month of Red May, raising funds to assist the Northeastern Volunteer Army to save oceans of four One hundred and forty-eight yuan and ninety-three dollars."

It is not difficult to see that during the Soviet area, the cadres and masses of Caixi used their hard work and wisdom to consolidate the revolutionary base area; they used the noble moral sentiments of dedication, self-sacrifice, and mutual help to unite and work for the revolution; they used the cadre style of diligence, thrift, self-denial, and public service. Be good at revolutionary mobilization; actively join the army and fight the enemy bravely with revolutionary enthusiasm that is not afraid of sacrifice and hard work. The people of Caixi have never stopped fighting against the enemy and persisted in the long revolutionary era. They are worthy of the glorious title of "Our First Model District".

　(Source: Caixi Township Survey Memorial Hall )