movie " Yao " talks about the Songhu Battle . There is a sentence in the . The Songhu Battle has been fought for three months and has been defeated for three months. I particularly disagree with this sentence. What is losing for three months? There is no strategic depth in a small place like Shanghai. Let alone three months, if you lose one month for a try, there will be no place to retreat. Think about it.
Let me give you an example. What is the concept of losing three months? Germany fought France, the French lost a month and a half and the country surrendered, the Japanese Malay campaign fought the British, the Japanese one army drove 140,000 British, Malay and Indian coalition forces to Singapore in one and a half months, Singapore campaign one Within a week, 80,000 British coalition forces surrendered. And the reason why the Battle of Songhu was able to be fought in such a small place in Shanghai for three months was because countless soldiers of the Republic of China fought bloody battles on the front line, fought house by house.
Let’s talk about the Songhu Battle today. Why are there so many recruits in the Songhu Battle? Because the fighting was so tragic, a division was beaten into an organizational system not long after it went up, and it was necessary to constantly replenish its troops. All recruits came up.
I think the memoirs of the 36th Division of the Songhu Battle at the time Song Xilian mentioned such an incident. It was said that the 36th Division had replenished four soldiers in three months, each with 1,500 to 2,000 men. For three months, 12,000 people were injured or killed in the division. We know that the 36th division is full, which means that there are more than 8,000 people and less than 9,000 people, and 12,000 casualties means that a whole division and a half of the soldiers have been defeated. Song Xilian recalled that some soldiers came and died or were injured as soon as they entered the battlefield. The wounded soldier who was wounded from the front line saw Song Xilian sitting on a stretcher and asked the chief in which unit I was injured. The recruits came on the line immediately, and they were injured without even knowing the serial number of their own troops, which is really heartbreaking. Since these added soldiers had to avoid the enemy's bombing during the day, they arrived at the front line at night and immediately went into battle. Many people don’t even know their serial number.He died the next day.
is not just Song Xilian’s troops, this is actually a very common phenomenon on the Songhu battlefield. At that time, the first army of Hu Zongnan also participated in the Battle of Songhu. Hu Zongnan had strong morale at the time, fighting stubbornly. Facing the enemy, he was fighting every inch and every house. After a week of fighting, he suffered heavy casualties. But Hu Zongnan didn’t say a word. Later, as the deputy commander of the theater called Gu Zhutong, he called Hu Zongnan and told Hu Zongnan that he would send troops to change the defense today. Hu Zongnan said that you will no longer come. Missing.
Why is it so terrible? In fact, it can be roughly divided into these three stages: offensive stalemate and retreat.
From August 14th to the end of August, this period is mainly the Central Army in the Shanghai area, that is, Jiangwan, Zhabei , Yangpu and other Japanese strongholds attacking the Japanese concession. During this period, the main attackers were Song Xilian’s 36th division, Wang Jingjiu’s 87 division of and Sun Yuanliang’s 88 division of . At that time, the ROC forces had achieved certain results, but due to lack of artillery and air force support, the offensive soon stopped after the arrival of Japanese reinforcements. At this time, the two sides entered the second phase of stalemate.
The Japanese reinforcements landed from Liuhe in the north of Shanghai to Wusongkou . After landing, they advanced to the front line of Dachang Jiangwan, Luodian, and formed a stalemate here. It took two months to fight on this line. Our army can say that it is not allowed to bear aircraft cannon on every inch of the land. The position was lost during the day, and a death squad was organized to take it back at night. The most touching thing is that there were 18 soldiers who took the initiative to tie grenades to their bodies and lay on the ground waiting for the tank to return. As a result, the man and the tank were blown up at the same time. This is an unprecedented feat in ancient and modern times, and it is also unprecedented. Tragedy.
Under the full firepower of Japan's land, sea and air, almost all the buildings on the position were bombed down. Major Yao Ziqing's entire camp and Baoshan City co-existed and died, and no one survived. Huang Wei served as the commander of the 67th Division of the 18th Army. The 67th Division of Huang Wei spent a week in Luodian At the end of the fight, one of the three regiment leaders under Huang Wei was killed and two were seriously injured. Except for a telegrapher in the division headquarters, even the clerks and cooks took their guns to the battlefield. When reorganizing after the war, the survivors couldn't even make up a regiment, but they always kept the line of defense.
When the Japanese saw that the frontal line of defense could not be breached, they decided to attack our army from the flanks. On November 5th, the Japanese army landed from Jinshan, south of Shanghai, and formed a double-deck situation with the Shanghai defenders. On the 11th, the national army retreated across the board and the Battle of Songhu ended.
Then the turning point of the Battle of Songhu was undoubtedly the Japanese landing in Jinshan on November 5th. Many people may have such a question why not defend Jinshanwei. In fact, the reason is very simple because the defense is not enough. At that time, on the front line of Luodian, north of Shanghai, the Chinese army had invested more than 70 divisions. At that time, there were only about 170 divisions in China.
There were also wars in Shanxi, North China, like Fu Zuoyi, , Yan Xishan, and Tang Enbo, who fought with the Japanese in Shanxi. The battle of Xinkou and . The battle of Taiyuan , so the situation in the whole country was fighting north and west. , This is a total war. More than 700,000 people have been invested in the Shanghai area, and there is really no extra person to defend Hangzhou Bay. What's more, the coastline in the southern part of Shanghai is very long. Even if there is defense in Jinshan, the Japanese can still run to Jiaxing to land. At that time, Japan had absolute air and sea dominance, and it could land wherever it wanted. In fact, there were troops deployed near Pudong and Jinshan at that time, but the number of troops was relatively small, so the Japanese troops were not blocked too much after landing, so the Chinese troops had to retreat across the board facing the situation of being attacked by the north and south.
The Songhu War basically consisted of three stages of offensive stalemate and retreat. It lasted three months in total, of which the offensive and retreat phases were relatively short, and the main battle took place in the stalemate stage. During the Battle of Songhu, the Chinese army suffered more than 300,000 casualties, while the Japanese suffered about 100,000 casualties. The basic ratio of casualties was 3 to 1.
So why did the Songhu Battle be so violent?
First, the gap in equipment is too big.Each division in Japan is equipped with an artillery company. An artillery company has 48 field guns of 75 mm or 150 mm. Each infantry company is below. It also has an artillery squadron, four 75 mm infantry guns , In other words, there are 64 cannons in a division. Many divisions of the Chinese army do not have artillery. The best equipment is 87 and 88 German weapon division . Each division has only one artillery battalion and 12 75mm Krupp mountain guns. Just some mortars.
The Japanese tanks are considered to be lagging behind in all the World War II countries, and generally do not exceed ten tons. The US Sherman tank has more than 30 tons, which is three times that of Japan. Although the Japanese tanks were behind, we did not have any tanks in China at that time. In 1937, China's first tank regiment was established in Nanjing. During the Battle of Songhu, only two tank companies participated in the battle, and they were all destroyed by Japanese artillery. So we don’t have enough artillery without tanks, so we can only use hand grenades. But even for hand grenades, we are not Japanese opponents. At that time, the Chinese army’s hand grenades were thrown. Throwing off the arms and throwing them 50 meters to the sky, how did the Japanese use grenades? In Japan, they are equipped with the grenadier , and the grenades are shot out when they are placed in the grenadier barrel. The range can reach more than 100 meters. So how do you fight the Japanese? You can't even throw a grenade.
Second, we do not have air superiority. The enemy planes come and leave as long as they want. Not only that, but some spies and traitors gave instructions. Chen Cheng recalled the battle of Songhu that the traitors were too powerful. As soon as the enemy aircraft came to the headquarters, there were small mirrors everywhere, flashing and flashing to the enemy to indicate the target, and at night they fired countless flares. Similar memories like this are recorded in , Luo Zhuoying, and Zhang Fakui’s memoirs. The Japanese have absolute dominance in the air. They come and leave as they want. Now there are people who give directions, which is simply where they are. where.
Third, we not only do not have the right to dominate the air, but we also do not have the right to dominate the sea. Someone might have thought about the fact that the Songhu Battle was fought on land. What does it matter if the navy is off? This is a big deal, because this time the battle was in Shanghai right on the seashore. The guns of Japanese warships have a range of more than ten kilometers. After landing, Japan relied mainly on naval guns for support.
If you compare the army’s artillery with the navy’s naval gun, which one do you think is more powerful? In fact, the naval guns of the navy are more powerful, because you look at the 152mm howitzers equipped by the Japanese division first class. The Japanese heavy cruiser is equipped with a 208mm main gun, and one gun weighs more than two hundred catties. The battleship’s main gun can reach 16 inches, which is 416 mm, which can squeeze people in. Not only that, you have to pull the army's howitzer into position, adjust the angle of the artillery manually, and then fire it very hard. It is different in the Navy, it is all mechanical transmission, so it is very convenient to fight directly in that direction.
We know that when landed on in Normandy, the Allied forces suffered heavy losses at the Battle of Omaha Beach. At the critical moment, the naval destroyers drove directly to the shore to provide fire cover, and finally helped the Allies to take it, regardless of the threat of enemy artillery. Under Omaha Beach. At the time of the Battle of Songhu, the Japanese warship drove directly into the Huangpu River, launching at our position. The flagship at that time was the heavy cruiser Izumo. The 200-millimeter shells can directly support battlefields more than ten kilometers away. On the other hand, our army is equipped with 75-millimeter artillery and a small number of 150-millimeter artillery. What do you think is the same as Japan? beat. At that time, Zhang Fakui had artillery positions in Pudong, but their artillery could not even fight the Izumo. Not only that, in order to prevent the enemy from discovering our artillery positions, we can quickly change positions after the fight, so our artillery is not only less efficient, but also inferior to the Japanese.
So during the Battle of Songhu, the Chinese army was still stubbornly forming a stalemate with the Japanese army on the front line without the effective support of the air force and navy. This was actually very difficult.
I read the memories of many veterans and said that I am not afraid of death.As a soldier, it is not easy to live through so many years. Compared with those comrades who died in battle, so many years are considered a profit. But these veterans are afraid that future generations will not remember them or the Battle of Songhu. We are not afraid of death but afraid that you will forget. Please let us remember these bloody soldiers to pay tribute to them.
The national heroes include battalion commander Yao Ziqing who co-existed and died with Baoshan City, Xie Jinyuan who guarded the four-line warehouse, Huang Wei, the 67th division commander, Wang Jingjiu, the 87th division commander, Song Xilian, the 36th division commander, and the 88th division division. Long Sun Yuanliang, 11th Division Commander Peng Shan, 51st Division Commander Wang Yaowu, 78th Division Commander Li Wen, 18th Army Commander Luo Zhuoying, First Army Commander Hu Zongnan, 74th Army commander Yu Jishi , commander of the 19th Army Xue Yue, combat commander Chen Cheng, central combat army commander Zhu Shaoliang, right-wing combat army commander Zhang Fakui, third theater deputy commander Gu Zhutong, and Cheng Thousands of soldiers and people of all ethnic groups throughout the country.
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