This year marks the 70th anniversary of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. 70 years ago, in June of 1950, the Korean war was looming, and the minions of U.S. imperialism once penetrated into our country. U.S. military planes crossed the border to bomb our towns and villages. At this difficult time, the leaders of the Communist Party of China worked together, and finally my volunteer army went to a foreign land to defend our country's borders and raise our prestige.
Picture|The Chinese People's Volunteers are going to fight in North Korea.
Soldiers, important affairs of the country, must not be ignored. Z3z
Today, when we talk about Resisting US Aid Korea and , what we think of is the patriotic blood of the heroes of the volunteer army. The sentence "brondy, high spirits, and cross the Yalu River" can be seen in general.
However, New China was just established at that time. From the invasion of China by the Eight-Power Allied Forces in the late Qing Dynasty to the warlord melee after the Revolution of 1911, the Japanese invasion of China, and finally the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the land of China was devastated, the smoke of war had just passed, and the economy was declining. , At a time when a hundred waste is waiting to be developed, economic development is the first priority.
Therefore, most people at that time did not agree that China was involved in this war, especially Lin Biao's words were the sharpest. Z1z said that "for a North Korea with millions of people, it is not worthwhile to break a China with 500 million people."
Picture|The Yalu River Broken Bridge
Lin and this kind of people can understand what they think, after all, this war took place outside the border.
However, if you take a long-term perspective and broaden the pattern, you will find that this is not the case. If US imperialism really unifies North Korea and has such an ocean base camp, then the recapture of Taiwan will really become a castle in the sky.
Moreover, the border area between our country and North Korea is particularly vast. If the US empire really has a foothold here, how can our northeast border be stable for a long time?
In October of that year, during the three consecutive days of the enlarged Politburo meeting, Chairman Mao fully listened to different opinions, such as unfavorable troop deployment, difficulties, war conditions, etc., and then reconsidered, finally made the final decision: war .
Picture|In early June 1951, Chairman Mao and Prime Minister Kim Il Sung were in Beijing to discuss the Korean War.
It is well known that Chairman Mao is not a war fanatic. He has always loved peace and has been fighting for it all his life, but the US empire has The minions have penetrated into our country's territory, and not fighting will only make the US empire more greedy.
Later Chairman Mao told Kim Il-sung about this: "Although we have placed five armies on the Yalu River, our Politburo is always undecided. One flip, one flip. One flip, one flip. , Um! The general manager has decided."
looked at such a lovely description, as if it was a flip, but the national security and national interests are involved, so I have to be cautious and not think twice. can see, what a difficult decision this is!
Picture|In the early days of the Korean War, Chairman Mao was in Zhongnanhai
if he didn't fight, the war would win, and the New China at that time couldn't afford to lose! The tune of
has been set. Who will be sent to the DPRK next? This is another big question: the enemy our army has to face is the US army. As the most profitable country in World War II, the military is extremely powerful.
At that time, the five armies that served as the northeast frontier defense were naturally the main force of the volunteer army. They all came from four wilds and .
is to serve as the commander-in-chief of the volunteer army. It is best to have a solid knowledge of these five military forces and have personal experience of having held decisive positions in the four fields. So that. Second, there must be experience in combat with a million corps.
is going to fight with the North Korean military and the US military. Naturally, it cannot be limited to a certain local battlefield, but most of North and South Korea.
Finally, the candidate needs to be physically strong and full of energy, otherwise he will not be able to support the Korean War which is far away in a foreign land.
Picture|On October 1, 1951, Chairman Mao hosted a banquet for senior generals of the People’s Liberation Army
. On the night of October 1, 1950, the Chinese were still immersed in the joys of the first anniversary of the National Day. The air in Beijing was filled with the smell of fireworks. In my northeast frontier, on this night, there is not the smell of fireworks, but the smell of gunpowder smoke.
At that time, at the order of Chief MacArthur, the US army unscrupulously crossed the " 38th line " and attacked to the north.
"The U.S. military is only on the 38th parallel, we don't care. If we cross the 38th parallel, we will definitely fight in the past." This was the bottom line in Chairman Mao's mind at the time.
Now, the U.S. military has broken through this bottom line, so our military dispatched divisions are well-known and can establish a good image in morality and public opinion.
Picture|In June 1950, Chairman Mao delivered a speech at the eighth meeting of the Central People’s Government, strongly condemning the crimes of the United States’ aggression against North Korea and Chinese territories.
In response to Lin Biao’s views on the high modernization of the US military and the atomic bomb, Chairman Mao said "Z1z has its atomic bomb, and I have my hand grenade. I believe that my grenade will defeat its atomic bomb. It is nothing more than a paper tiger ." After constant discussion,
finally reached an agreement on " to resist the United States and aid Korea, defend the home." National " strategic decision.
1950.10, Chairman Mao made the decision to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea and defend the country, and issued an order to form a volunteer army in the name of the Chairman of the Chinese People’s Revolutionary Military Committee. , Returned to Beijing from the Northeast Military Region, attended the meeting to discuss North Korea matters, and was ordered to deal with the dispatch of troops to the Northeast Frontier Defense.
In the afternoon, Chairman Mao, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Premier Zhou, Gao Gang, Acting Chief of Staff Nie Rongzhen and others attended the meeting.
Regarding the head coach candidate, the first person proposed was Lin Biao . Lin's advantage is very obvious. Four fields can be said to be brought out by him. He once served as the commander of the Northeast Field Army and commanded the Liaojin and Huaihai battles of the three major battles.
Lin can be said to have witnessed and experienced all the military history of our army before the founding of the country. Since the Anti-Japanese War, Lin Biao has fought in the North and South since the Anti-Japanese War, and he is famous. Whether he is personally leading the army in a local battlefield or directing a large army, Lin Biao is a superb commander.
Picture|Chairman Mao and Lin Biao
However, Lin Biao had been recuperating in Wuhan for a long time. Lin refused the proposal because he could not support himself.
Lin joined the army, starting from the Northern Expedition in 1926, and for the next two decades, he was always accompanied by guns. In the latter part of the Battle of Hengbao, he basically fell ill and was already lying in command. Of course, also has a considerable part of the reason-he initially held a negative attitude towards the war in North Korea, .
also has the experience of leading the four fields and Su Yu, Su and Lin are also the outstanding commanders of the People's Liberation Army .
Su started from the Nanchang Uprising and experienced countless wars of all sizes. In the War of Liberation, he was the main commander of the battles of Cheqiao, Menglianggu, and Huaihai. It traveled through the land of the Central Plains and crossed the frontiers of East China. Hundreds of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of viable power to destroy the enemy, whenever we discuss its achievements, it is always breathtaking!
Picture|Su Yu commanded the war on the front line
Su Yu, as a titan among the PLA commanders and fighters, has a military strength comparable to that of Lin Biao. No wonder Chairman Mao personally ordered Su's general!
The US military launched an offensive against North Korea in June 1950. At that time, out of the defense of the Northeast Frontier, the Northeast Frontier Defense Force was formed. Z1z and Su Yu was originally proposed as the commander and political commissar of the Northeast Frontier Force . The main force of our volunteers in North Korea is the Northeast Frontier Guard. It can be seen that Su Yu was the first candidate for the commander of the volunteers from the initial consideration.
However, He Lin Biao was recuperating in Wuhan before, while Su Yu went to Qingdao to recuperate soon.
Su Yu was knocked down by an artillery shell in the Battle of Shuinan that year. After being rescued in time, fortunately there was no danger to his life. However, the three pieces of shrapnel in his brain could not be taken out because of the special location. Since then, he has been left in his head and often has headaches. He was dizzy and later suffered from high blood pressure and Meniere's syndrome.
Picture|Photo of Su Yu's work in his later years
Su Yu at this time, although his physical condition is deteriorating, continues to work with illness. I can't help but sigh: is precisely because of the proletarian revolutionary martyrs like Su Yu, that the unity of the whole of China, the founding of the new China and the prosperity and power .
Fresh battlefield matters, and Chairman Mao personally ordered his general to serve as commander and political commissar of the Northeast Frontier Army. This proposal fell to him. This is the trust of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao in him, even if his health is not good. He also said that he would overcome all difficulties and go to North Korea to command operations.
Su immediately used the four fields as the basis to rectify the personnel and armaments that need to go to North Korea. The Northeast Military Region must deploy operational staff, communications personnel, and departmental combat officers and soldiers, and the East China Air Force will be required to find out the number, model and combat capabilities of US military aircraft as soon as possible. It was proposed to the Central Military Commission to transfer the three main forces to North Korea, and to use all available forces to lean toward the northeast border as soon as possible, and make preparations for dispatching troops intensively.
Picture|From October 1950 to October 1951, Chairman Mao himself drafted and issued hundreds of telegrams to guide the War to Resist U.S. Aid Korea. These are two of them.
Su Yu was in poor health, coupled with the high intensity of the days Preparatory work, within a few days, the condition became more serious, the number of headaches and dizziness was more frequent than before, even if the dosage was increased, it was useless. You can't even turn your head around and look around, you need to put the food in a line when eating. Like
, when he went to North Korea to command the battle, Su knew that he would definitely be incompetent. After all, there were everything on the battlefield, so had to report his illness to Chairman Mao .
The Central Military Commission learned about Su’s situation and immediately ordered him to go to Qingdao to recuperate. Half a month later, his physical condition was still very poor. Anxious, he had to regret Luo Ruiqing who was fashionable in Qingdao and brought it to Mao. The chairman wrote a letter in his own hand, in which he detailed his condition and all his thoughts on the Korean battlefield.
Picture|General Su Yu in his later years
Mao Zedong saw Su Yu’s letter and immediately replied:
"Comrade Su Yu: The letter from Comrade Luo Ruiqing has been received, and his condition is still serious and he is very worried. The new task is not very urgent at present, you can rest at ease. , Until the illness recovers. If Qingdao is suitable, it will be in Qingdao. If Qingdao is not suitable, you can come to Beijing and decide. Say hello!” Z5z
Later, in view of the limited domestic medical conditions, China and the Soviet Union reached an agreement after discussion. Su Yu was sent to Russia to recuperate. However, Su's condition was too bad. Although his condition no longer deteriorated, he still could not support his body.
In this way, Su Yu finally failed to serve as the commander and political commissar of the Northeast Frontier Army, and later possible volunteer commander and political commissar. On July 23, the Central Military Commission decided that the Northeast Frontier Defense Army temporarily returned to the command of the Northeast Military Region Commander and Political Commissar Gao Gang.
Figure|Gao Gang
Actually, this situation is not difficult to understand. The Chinese Communist Party rose during the war, and most of the commanders with sufficient qualifications and military talents have experienced the Long March and the tragedy in the battlefield for more than two decades. Most of the body is not so good.
is just now in a critical situation, no matter what, someone must go to it, and absolutely must be able to choose and use, and use it to win. Facing this dilemma, Chairman Mao had no idea for a while. At this moment, Chen Yi stepped forward and took the initiative to ask . Chairman Mao was very pleased, but he declined.
Chen Yi’s military talent is beyond doubt, but at this time Chen Yi was the mayor of Shanghai. The battle to regain Shanghai was extremely difficult.
Picture|Chen Yi took a photo with Chairman Mao
It was in 1949, when the Kuomintang remnant under the order of Chiang Kai-shek , assembled 300,000 troops in Shanghai and was ordered to stick to it for six months. At that time, Chen Yi didn’t have much time left, so Chen tried every means to lure the Kuomintang troops to fight outside the city, using a large number of light weapons to wipe out 150,000 enemies. Only Tang Enbo led 50,000 people to flee by warship, and liberation of Shanghai was only It took 15 days to smash Chiang Kai-shek's plan to request US military assistance. When
came to Shanghai, everything was undecided, and Chen Yi was still indispensable;
Although Chen Yi had a leadership experience for many years, he was more involved in political work and had little experience in commanding large corps;
Sanlai is what I said earlier. For many years, Chen Yi has no experience of commanding the four fields. It takes time to get in touch with the four fields. At this time, there was no time for our army at all. The choice of
can be used, and it can be used immediately, and it can be used to win, so z1Chairman Mao finally declined Chen Yi's initiative to invite .
Picture|Photo of Su Yu and Chen Yi
At that time, Liu Shaoqi also proposed Xu Xiangqian to be the commander of the volunteer army, but Xu's physical condition was not optimistic, and he had no experience in commanding a million troops, so he was rejected.
"It is extremely urgent to send troops to aid North Korea, my opinion is to ask Mr. Peng to come" . Chairman Mao asked everyone for their opinions at the meeting .
has the experience of leading the four fields. The highest-level commander, except for Lin Biao and Su Yu, is Peng Dehuai. Peng Dehuai can always win by surprise in accordance with local conditions. This has been proved in past battles.
Although Peng is over half a hundred years old, he has a better physical foundation and has not suffered major traumas in the past wars. Another point is that Peng has experience in opening up base areas and knows how to quickly open the situation in a new place, not only from the military, but also from other aspects. This is also urgently needed on the Korean battlefield.
Picture|Peng Dehuai and Chairman Mao
Therefore, Zhu De first agreed to Chairman Mao's proposal, and then most of the people agreed, immediately sent people to call Peng Dehuai to return to Beijing from Xi'an .
On October 4th, the weather in Xi'an was good. Peng Dehuai was reviewing documents in the office at this time. Most of them were projects for the construction of the Great Northwest. He watched very carefully and used red pen to circle and do Give instructions.
Later, two people from Beijing took out a central directive and asked him to take a special plane to Beijing for a meeting immediately, and repeatedly urged strict confidentiality.
Peng Dehuai knew in his heart that he was afraid that it was the North Korean issue, so he immediately accompanied them to Beijing, and he didn't even bother to explain his work to his subordinates. The family did not know that he had left Xi'an and was about to go to the foreign battlefield in the northeast border.
Picture|October 1950, the decision-making meeting before the Korean War to Resist U.S. Aid and Aid Korea, the standing person (right) was Comrade Peng Dehuai, who was in danger. Chairman Mao, Zhu De and other old comrades-in-arms all attended the meeting, and they were discussing the North Korean issue, as he originally thought.
At this meeting, Peng did not say a word. He has been presiding over military and political matters in the Northwest. He knows some but not profound about the Northeast battlefield. Only in this meeting did he really understand the thorny degree of the North Korean issue.
At night, Peng Dehuai tossed in bed and couldn't fall asleep. He kept thinking about Chairman Mao's words: "Z1z You have reasons to say, but others are in a critical moment of the country. We stand by and watch, no matter what we say, I was also sad. On the morning of the 5th, Deng Xiaoping was entrusted by Chairman Mao to come to Peng's residence and asked Peng Dehuai about his views on the North Korean issue. Z5z
Peng had already thought clearly in his heart, expressed his approval for aid to North Korea, and at all costs, he would support Chairman Mao's opinions from the bottom of his heart. Deng Sui asked Peng to prepare his views at today's meeting.
What Peng didn't know at this time was that in the near future, this transnational burden would fall on his shoulders.
Picture|In January 1950, when Peng Dehuai arrived in Beijing, he took a photo with his nephews and nieces who had just arrived in Beijing at the Beijing Hotel.
After arriving at the venue, Peng and Chairman Mao had a private conversation.
Chairman Mao asked: ", who is the right person to send troops to aid Korea? "
Peng Dehuai asked: "hasn't the central government decided to send Comrade Lin Biao? "
Mao Zedong said after talking about Lin Biao's situation: " we You still have to bear this burden. You have no such preparation in your mind? "
Peng Dehuai was silent for a moment, and said: " I obey the decision of the central government. Z3z"
Mao Zedong said with emotion: " this me Don’t worry. Now the U.S. forces have split their way to the North of the 38th Parallel. We must send troops as soon as possible and strive for the initiative. The Politburo will continue to meet this afternoon. Please give your views. ”
At the afternoon meeting of the Politburo , Z1z Regarding the North Korean issue, Peng Dehuai said his views :
"It is necessary to send troops to aid Korea. If it is broken, it is equal to the solution.Let the war win a few years later. If the US military is placed on the banks of the Yalu River and Taiwan, it can find excuses at any time to launch a war of aggression. If the United States occupied the Korean peninsula, the future problems would be more complicated, so it is better to fight late than fight early. "Z5z
On October 8, 1950, Chairman Mao appointed Peng Dehuai as the commander and political commissar of the Volunteer Army. The picture shows that Peng Dehuai finally reached a consensus at the
meeting on the front line of North Korea: " The Chinese people should participate in the war, must participate in the war, the interests of participating in the war are great, and they will not participate in the war. Great damage. At the same time, "
decided that Peng Dehuai would serve as the commander and political commissar of the troops participating in the war, with the highest decision-making power . Similarly, this was also the biggest task of China at that time. It was also a heavy trust. In the next few years, countless people's eyes will be on where he is standing. After the
meeting, an acquaintance came over and patted Peng on the shoulder, jokingly: "Z1z is still not convinced! "Z4z" Peng Dehuai smiled to the sky and said: "I will not accept my old age until I die..."
Two weeks later, Peng Dehuai led the volunteers to enter the imperial court first, and rushed to the new battlefield with great strength. Immediately, I am the only one General Peng" , in the hearts of the volunteers, but an extremely solid strength.
Picture | Commander Peng Dehuai in front of the Volunteer Army Headquarters cave
Nie Rongzhen wrote in his memoir:
"Comrade Peng Dehuai has always been brave and decisive, central Decided that he would go to command the volunteer army, he expressed resolute execution of the order. "Peng Dehuai's firm attitude at the meeting impressed me deeply. "Z5z
From October 5th to 6th, Chairman Mao, Peng Dehuai and all the cadres discussed all the tactics, forces, and materials on the Korean battlefield. Among them, the most important thing was the Soviet air assistance and weapon support. Implement it as soon as possible, and urgently deploy corresponding forces from the whole country to the Northeast.
On October 8, the Z1z Central Military Commission ordered the former Northeast Frontier Defense Army as the main body to formally form the Chinese People’s Volunteers, Peng Dehuai was officially appointed as the commander-in-chief and political commissar of the Chinese People’s Volunteers , Responsible for all matters concerning the Korean battlefield. On the same day, Peng Dehuai took the opportunity to arrive in Shenyang with Gao Gang, commander and political commissar of the Northeast Military Region, a group of staff and other important cadres. As soon as
arrived in Shenyang, they carried out pre-war preparations without stopping, and first summoned them. Deng Hua, Han Xianchu, Hong Xuezhi and other major military high-level officials announced the central decision to prepare everything needed for the Korean battlefield.
Picture | Peng Dehuai and Hong Xuezhi (first from right) took a photo with some members of the Logistics Command
The most powerful US military It was the air force, and China’s air superiority was extremely weak at the time. Previously, Premier Zhou and Lin Biao had been sent to Moscow to negotiate with Stalin. The Soviet side supported our army’s air superiority in the Korean battlefield and most of the weapons needed.
The war is urgent and it takes more than two months of preparation time for contact to assemble the air force and go to the Korean battlefield. However, the situation on the battlefield is changing rapidly and will not give us such a long waiting time. Z5z
Peng Dehuai and Gao Gang quickly returned to Beijing, Mao The chairman held another Politburo meeting . From October 13th to 14th, after continuous discussions, the leaders of the Military Commission of Beijing Zhongnanhai finally decided that even without the support of the Soviet air force, our army would go abroad to fight.
On the 15th, Peng Dehuai returned to Shenyang from Beijing by special plane. In order to implement the North Korean strategy of the Military Commission, he immediately summoned the Northeast authorities and the leaders of the Northeast Military Region and announced the central decision to send troops to North Korea at all costs.
Figure|Volunteer Air Force Group
10 On the 16th, Peng Dehuai held a mobilization meeting for cadres above the division level in Andong. At the meeting, he clearly told the cadres that the central government’s clear attitude on the North Korean issue gave everyone an injection of stabilizer.
He first analyzed North Korea. The military and diplomatic influence of the battlefield on our country makes it clear to everyone that the enemy is not the enemy who has penetrated the house. To defend against the enemy outside the country, our army is in a geographically advantageous position in this battle. What kind of strategy, etc.
Peng Dehuai pointed out that the Korean War and the Civil War are not the same as . The domestic territory is vast and has great depth. We can make strides.Forward and backward. is different from North Korea. It is just a long and narrow island, and it is mountainous, with a small land area and narrow . This requires that there is no retreat in some local battlefields, and this is bound to be the biggest sacrifice. I hope everyone has a psychological preparation in advance. . Of course, we must not lose the essence of mobile warfare. We need to combine the specific conditions of the Korean War. Z2z adopts a combination of positional warfare and mobile warfare, . If the enemy is found, we can quickly annihilate it with superior forces. Z5z
Peng Dehuai finally emphasized that we must respect the North Korean government and people and protect their interests from being infringed upon the tradition of our military's hard work and long-term combat plans. In the end, he asked the military to hold a mobilization meeting of cadres and soldiers at different levels to be ready to enter North Korea at any time.
Picture|Commander Peng Dehuai with Kim Il Sung, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Workers’ Party of Korea
On October 18, Chairman Mao expressed his opinion at the meeting: " Now the enemy has besieged Pyongyang, and the enemy will enter the Yalu River in a few days. No matter how difficult we are, the volunteers’ crossing of the river to aid Korea can no longer be changed to , and the time can’t be postponed, and crossing the river as originally planned. The ”
meeting decided: Chinese People’s Volunteers crossed as scheduled on the 19th. The Yalu River entered North Korea to fight .
On the evening of October 19, the Yalu River was full of wind and snow, but it was a lively scene.
The Chinese People’s Volunteers, bearing the ardent expectations of the Party Central Committee and the people, began to cross the Yalu River in batches from the three ports of Andong (now Dandong, Liaoning), Changdian River Mouth, and Ji’an (now Jilin). That scene is fascinating when I think of it. It is the Great Wall of Steel built by my volunteer army with blood and body. The Korean War of Resisting U.S. Aid and Aid kicked off the curtain....... Z5z
Commander Peng Dehuai was awarded the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea The highest medal, the first class national flag medal, the picture shows Commander Peng Dehuai wearing the national flag medal.
Conclusion
After three years of blood and fire wars, the Chinese People's Volunteers have spent countless blood and won the absolute victory in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea . In an old photo of Peng Dehuai that signed the armistice agreement with the US military, I can't help but have a deep admiration and remembrance in my heart when I see President Peng's old and strong body and his eyes tempered by the war.
Picture|At 9:30 am on July 28, 1953, Peng Dehuai, commander of the Chinese People’s Volunteers, formally signed the Korean Armistice Agreement and its temporary supplementary agreement
Commander-in-chief Peng Dehuai finally lived up to Chairman Mao’s trust and Chinese people With the expectation of raising our country’s prestige and military prestige on that territory of other countries, lets people all over the world know that China has completely stood up.
-end-
