Wen/Chen Lu
Is the Japanese a descendant of Xu Fu? It's not easy to say, it may or may not, but it is more likely to be partly and partly not. The Austronesian people, the northern horseback riding people, the Chinese and Korean migrants have all left traces in Japanese prehistory, and the Japanese are more likely to be a composite of these.
A Japanese once said that among many mythological systems, only Japanese myths are living myths.
Undoubtedly, no matter in today's popular culture or works of art, or even more advanced academic level, Japanese mythology is probably far from being compared with Greek mythology, Viking mythology, Germanic mythology and many other mythological systems. However, due to the existence of Emperor and Shinto beliefs, makes Japan the only developed civilization that has not been completely cut off from the ancient mythological system, but is an indisputable fact.
is in this sense that the Japanese thinks that Japanese mythology is still alive.
, the emperor full of mythology, is still active in the Japanese concept
. Because of this, when talking about the origin of the Japanese, it is based on the mythology constructed by "Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki". I believe The ancestors of the Japanese came from the mythical Kotenhara, and there are still many people.
This kind of strange and chaotic words is trivial, but because neither the Japanese imperial family nor the Japanese government, or even the entire Japanese society, have no intention of being separated from the mythical age, completely denying the mythology of Ji Ji. So it is almost impossible to clarify the origin of the Japanese, especially the Japanese imperial family.
On the other hand, since the 19th century, generations of Japanese scholars have tried to clarify the origin of Japan through archeology, anthropology, and many other scientific methods.
After more than one hundred years of research, people generally think that the ancestors of the Japanese moved to the Japanese archipelago from outside. However, there are many opinions on migration routes and migration methods. Even the origins of the Jomon and Yayoi people as the ancestors of Japan have different opinions.
The origin of the Jomon people
About the origin of the Jomon people, the most popular one is the Luqiao migration theory. During the last ice age of 18,000 years ago, the sea level at that time was about 40 meters lower than it is now, so the Japanese archipelago was actually connected to the Eurasian continent by land bridges, and the Sea of Japan was still an inland sea at that time. In the process of hunting animals, primitive people inadvertently moved to the Japanese archipelago.
About 18,000 years ago, primitive people called "Hongkong and Sichuan people" had already lived on Okinawa. These people were the first human inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago.
12000 years ago, these people were cut off from the mainland due to sea level rise, but they have been able to develop a fishing and hunting society, and can make more complex stone tools, is also one of the earliest pottery makers in the world. Because the pottery they make has straw rope patterns, these people are called Jomon people.
This is currently the most popular land bridge migration theory.
However, there is a problem with this statement. It is generally believed that the Jomon people are related to the people south of the Yangtze River, including Taiwan Island and Southeast Asia. Some people even think that the ancestors of the Jomon people and the aborigines of Taiwan are now widely distributed and connected. Austronesian speakers of the South Pacific Islands. When studying the mythology of Jiji,
and even Sanpin Zhangying compared the myth of the great power with the various rituals of the Austronesian civilizations, thinking that the myth of the great powers’ suffering is very similar to the adult-style held by the primitive tribes of the Austronesian.
In this regard, if the connection between the Jomon people and the Austronesian civilization is closer, then exceptIt cannot be verified that there was a huge land bridge network that could connect the Japanese archipelago and the South Pacific islands at that time, otherwise the land bridge migration theory would be difficult to establish. (Da Sima Press: Sanpin Zhangying passed away in 1971. Maybe I don’t know that Southeast Asian islands and Indochina Peninsula were still connected with the ancient Sunda land 8000 years ago.)
8000 years ago, the Sunda ancient land sank into the seabed
With the in-depth study of marine history, the inherent understanding that primitive people cannot carry out transoceanic migration has long been broken. Recently, some Japanese scholars have begun to argue that the ancestors of Japan actually came to Japan by sea and by boat.
, as Yosuke Kaibe believed that the earliest visitors to Japan were 20,000 years earlier than the land bridge relocation, that is, 38,000 years ago, they moved to the Japanese islands by sea. Because in the past, Japanese academic circles believed that Okinawa had a land bridge connecting the mainland and the Japanese archipelago. However, recent studies have denied the existence of such land bridges during this period. So if the Austronesian residents moved to the Japanese islands via Okinawa, they can only reach the Japanese islands by sea.
However, although Kaibe claimed to have discovered 37,500-year-old relics in Izu, and began to test whether it can be reached in Japan from Okinawa through a straw boat. However, this statement has not yet been recognized by the academic circles.
In fact, compared to the origin of the Jomon people, the origin of the Yayoi who moved to Japan for the second time is more controversial. It not only entangles the Japanese, but also involves both Chinese and Jews from time to time.
The origin of the Yayoi people
From the third to the second century BC, the primitive society of Japan changed drastically. The rope pattern on the pottery disappeared. People overnight changed from primitive people chasing animals to skilled rice growers. They also forged bronze and ironware. This transformation took nearly a thousand years in most civilizations. time.
At the same time as the "technology explosion", the appearance of Japanese residents has also changed. Their height has increased by about 3 cm, their faces have become longer and flatter, and their facial curves have become more rounded. Since the pottery of this era was first unearthed in Yayoi-cho, Tokyo, historians call it the Yayoi period (BC300~AD300).
The difference in appearance between the Yayoi and the Jomon people
Although a few scholars such as Suzuki believe that the Yayoi culture was completely evolved from the Jomon culture, archaeological studies have shown that at this time, the people engaged in mass production on the Japanese islands were from A new group on the mainland-"dulai people".
It was the arrival of these "travelers" that triggered the explosion of technology in the Japanese archipelago and brought Japanese civilization into a new era.
Regarding the origin of the Yayoi people, there is nothing more deeply related to China than Xu Fudongdu's theory and Wu people's descendants. The former believes that the Yayoi people are actually Xu Fu and his virgins.
The latter view is that after the demise of Wu, the survivors of Wu fled to the Japanese archipelago and even became the ancestors of the Japanese imperial family. One of the evidences is that there are words such as Wu dialect and Wu Fu in Japanese, and the envoys sent by Cao Wei observed the Japanese society at that time and believed that there was a custom of breaking tattoos in Japanese society, which was similar to the custom of Wu recorded by Taishi Gong. These people may be after Mrs. Wu .
In fact, neither of these two statements can be a real hammer. Regarding Xu Fu, no matter how many hundreds of people can overcome Jomon society and become the mainstream civilization of the Japanese archipelago. This statement was first derived from the "Shenzhengtongji" written by Kitakata's presiding officer during the Southern and Northern Dynasties in Japan. At this time, the "Shiji" had already been introduced to Japan, so it is possible that this theory was later attached to the meeting.
Whether the Japanese is a descendant of Xu Fu
is still doubtful
As for the descendants of Taibo Wu, it seems to be more reliable, but in Wu language, Wu in Wu Fuzhong does not refer to Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period, but Liu Song during the Northern and Southern Dynasties.It was during this period that the Yamato court accepted the canonization of Liu Song and was included in the Chinese tributary system. It is said that it actually appeared even later, and it was a gadget made by Confucian scholars in the Edo period.
In addition to the above two statements that are closely related to China, there is also a statement that has been generally recognized by the academic circles for a long time, that is, the theory of horse-riding people proposed by Pofu Egami.
Pov Egami compares the royal rituals with the various rituals of the inner Asian nomads, and combines the archaeological research on the ancient tomb. It is believed that the Yayoi people are actually a horse-riding people from Inner Asia. They conquered the backward Jomon people and became the new masters of the Japanese archipelago. The main reason is that a large number of horses and related objects appeared as funerary objects in the tombs of that period. The emperor’s ascension ceremony is very similar to the ascension ceremony of the nomadic tribe leaders in the inner Asian steppe and so on.
But Egami Pov did not explain why the conquerors from which he came from brought rice culture to the Japanese archipelago, and the Yayoi people obviously have a very strong Guling belief, which is totally incompatible with the inner Asian nomads.
More importantly, if the Yayoi people achieved control of the Japanese archipelago through a series of wars of conquest, then this is not reflected in the mythology of Ji Ji. Although there is the myth of Shenwu's Eastern Expedition, this Eastern Expedition is actually defeated one after another. It was entirely dependent on the active surrender of the enemy leader that Emperor Jinmu achieved control of the Yamato area.
In fact, although the emperor of Japan once assumed military functions, at least from the records of Jiji mythology, the emperor of Japan played the role of a priest king or witch king, and rarely assumed military functions. . This is extremely rare in the entire history of world civilization. If the emperor had established his ruling power through military conquest, how could he have almost no military functions?
There is a more ridiculous view recently, that is, the ancient Hebrew tribes actually left by the Yayoi people. Proponents of this view believe that in the time of King Solomon, the ancient Hebrews already had highly developed navigation technology, which enabled them to have close trade with the Deccan Peninsula through the Indian Ocean. Since it is possible to engage in trade across the Indian Ocean, it does not seem to be incredible to travel across the oceans to reach the Japanese archipelago. At that time, the Hebrew country had a population of hundreds of thousands at its peak, but in the case of the prisoners of Babylon, these Hebrews were only a few thousand people left. So where did the extra people go? Of course, I went to Japan to take refuge. Although
is a renewed hype of the Japanese ancestorism in the context of the development of ocean history, it is undoubtedly a very interesting idea for re-understanding the maritime traffic of the Japanese archipelago and the rest of the world.
In short, although there are many different opinions about the origin of the Yayoi people, there is actually no exact answer to the origin of the Yayoi people today. To a large extent, this is actually related to the aforementioned Japanese people's unwillingness to completely cut off the myth of Ji Ji.
The only thing that can be more certain is that the Yayoi people have groups that cultivate rice from the Shandong Peninsula and the Korean Peninsula. It is they who brought rice planting technology and Gu Ling worship. However, these Yayoi who came from overseas are not a single nation, but a plural civilization system, so it is extremely difficult and long to clarify the origin and composition of the Yayoi.
Conclusion:
The above is a summary of the various theories about the origins of the early Japanese islanders. Generally speaking, there is no clear answer about the origins of these people. The only thing we know is They should come from multiple different civilization systems. It is a plural civilization rather than a single civilization that shaped the early human civilization of the Japanese archipelago.
The formation of most of the early human civilization is actually this process. It's just that it is difficult to clarify the origins and composition of these early Japanese islanders. All the current statements are nothing but inferences. Perhaps this is really part of the JapaneseThe main reason for living in the age of mythology.
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