(A Woman Who Speaks of History-Issue 1411)
The death of Yue Fei, a famous general in the Song Dynasty, has always been regarded as one of the largest unjust cases in history. Although there was a custom in ancient times that the ruler called the minister to die, the minister had to die, but as an emperor, there must be a sufficient excuse to kill the minister, and he cannot kill casually. Especially in the main dynasties of China, such as Tang and Song, those emperors basically have "aspirations for the world." No matter whether they are true or not, they will not casually make a bad reputation for themselves and let future generations scold him. When Mingjun. Therefore, he cannot easily behead the ministers, especially those generals on the battlefield. Even if he wants to kill him again, he must be charged with some crimes, and the charges must be clear, such as treason, poor use of troops, and disrespect for the purpose.
But Yue Fei's killing was an exception. At that time, Yue Fei had already become famous in the fight against gold. Who knew he was a patriotic hero against gold? But Song Gaozong Zhao Gou still killed him, and there was no definite charge. However, although there is no exact charge, there is still a charge, which is "unnecessary." Many people are dissatisfied with this. What exactly does mean? Later generations of experts gave 5 kinds of explanations, among which 第5 kinds of statements are extremely scary.
"Song History·Yue Fei Biography" has such a record: The prison general, Han Shizhong is not flat, and he is actually questioned. Cypress said: " Fei Ziyun and Zhang Xianshu are not clear, there is no need to have ." Shizhong said: "Why do you have to have three characters to subdue the world?"
Here is that Han Shizhong is indignant over Yue Fei's case. After interrogating Qin Hui, Qin Hui came out with the charge of "no need to be". According to the current literal meaning, "mo" means "no", "must" means "must" and "certain", and "not necessary", the general explanation is "not necessarily."
This is a bit blatant. Since it is not necessarily guilty, how can one kill casually? Is the law of the Song Dynasty so trifling? Is this Emperor Zhao Gou an idiot? Therefore, later experts and scholars gave various explanations for the crime of "unnecessary", trying to find a relatively reasonable excuse for Zhao Gou and Qin Hui.
The first interpretation of "unnecessary" is "maybe."
This is a more mainstream view, and Ci Yuan holds this view. Its basis is that the word "moxu" is the spoken language of Song Dynasty people, which means "probably" and "maybe". For example, the classic "Baozhenzhai Fashu Zan", which contains old posts from the Yue family's collection, has the words "don't argue with him clearly" and so on. According to this statement, "unnecessary" means "probably there" and "maybe".
"Maybe" is a word that means "speculation". Since it is speculation, it is not inevitable, which is a bit vague. Adopting such an irresponsible attitude towards a national-level military marshal is naturally unable to convince people, so the three words "not necessary" highlight Yue Fei's grievances.
But this explanation is which has a big problem. First of all, Yue Fei was guilty at the time. That is, the traitorous minister Wan Tuyu (xie) was instigated by Qin Hui and framed Yue Fei. The main charges were: "I and Taizu were both 30 years old and established a festival", "The crime of not saving Huaixi", and Zhang Xian made false alarms to be moved. The court" etc. Now that I have been charged, why should I speculate? Qin Hui does not need to fool Han Shizhong vaguely; besides, such an answer is not in line with Qin Hui’s identity. For such a major case, it is out of his personal design. He can naturally answer Han Shizhong like this, and it is impossible to appear so vague. Qing, let Han Shizhong dissatisfied.
So there is a second explanation. The second interpretation is "must have".
This explanation thinks that the three words "not necessary to have" are "must have" and mistakenly write . Those who hold this view include Xu Qianxue, a beginner in Qing Dynasty ("Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Author), Qing historian Bi Yuan (author of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian Kao Yi"), etc.
But this kind of explanation is also far-fetched, because the three words "must not have" were published in many books in the Song DynastyIt has appeared in the book, it is impossible that everyone has written it by mistake. At the same time, Qin Hui's answer to Han Shizhong with "must have" is completely illogical. For example, Han Shizhong asked Qin Hui: "What is the crime of Yue Fei and his son? You want to kill him?" Qin Hui said, "That's a must!" This is a joke, I'm afraid it can only appear in sketches and cross talks.
The third interpretation is: Mo, must have
This interpretation is a fuss on punctuation. Because there is no punctuation in classical Chinese, and later generations added punctuation to the original text based on the current understanding of the ancient articles, so the three characters "not to have" can be regarded as such. Qin Hui first said the word "mo", and then said "to have". Yu Zhengxie, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, in his "Guisi Cun Draft", believed that the three characters "not to have" should be read again as "Mo, must have". "Mo" means Qin Hui's hesitation, and "must have" means there must be. In current words, Qin Hui said: "Is there no crime? There must be!" There are also famous modern scholars and linguists Lu Shuxiang who support this view.
The fourth interpretation of “not to have” is: Is there no
This is a view that has only appeared in recent years. The main representative of this view is the famous Taiwanese scholar 李敖 Wait. Through the textual research on the books of the Song Dynasty, Li Ao came to the conclusion that "moxu" means "isn't it" in the spoken language of the Song Dynasty. In the existing books and materials of the Song Dynasty, you can find at least dozens of examples of the use of "moxu" in dialogue, such as: "Zenggongjilu":
, Innocence?
Answer from Huizong: Is it guilty?
Zeng Buhui: The holy intention is so, the minister dare to say everything... If the light waits to slander the Shenzong and change the law, then the deeds are true. How can it be innocent?
As can be seen from this example, Li Ao's statement seems to be valid. "Isn't it?" is a rhetorical tone. Qin Hui said when he answered Han Shizhong: "Aren't they guilty?" This also shows Qin Hui's arrogance and domineering.
In addition to the above four explanations, the fifth “unnecessary” explanation is extremely scary!
Beijing Youth Daily once published an article "Eternal Mystery "Unnecessary"". This article overturns the first four explanations and gives a new view.
At that time, the "Fengboting" unjust case was made by the traitor Qin Hui, which everyone admits. But this matter is actually very complicated. Because at that time Yue Fei was in control of the military, and he was also a high-powered person. Therefore, even if Qin Hui wanted to frame him, it would be very difficult to do it. If not, he would be cleaned up by Yue Fei or his stunned son Yue Yun. To do this, Qin Hui must have a strong background or supporter. And this person is Song Gaozong Zhao Gou.
Does the emperor support treacherous officials to kill loyal officials? It's really interesting. Because at that time, Yue Fei made great contributions to resisting gold, and he was suspected of being overpowering the master. As a monarch, Zhao Gou can't help but guard against Yue Fei. Will you rebel? Moreover, and most importantly, Yue Fei has already made a bold statement that he wants to "straight-forward Huanglong", "to break through the shortage of Helan Mountain", and "to clean up the old rivers and mountains from the beginning". How to clean up the old rivers and mountains?
According to the political situation at the time, Yue Fei has achieved considerable military advantage. There is a high possibility that after Yue Fei defeats the Jin Jun, he will take back the incumbents and takeovers who were taken by Jin Guo The emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty was the second emperor of Huiqin. If Emperor Huiqin comes back, what will Zhao Gou do? Give the throne to your father or your brother? In fact, he didn't want to give way to anyone. How cool was the emperor, who wanted to give way? But don't let it go, it will definitely be infamous for being unfilial.
Therefore, instead of embarrassing when the time comes, it is better to let his father and brother die in Jin Guo. Then, I'm sorry, you Yue Fei can't "fight Huanglong". Therefore, Zhao Goucai gave the order to let Yue Fei, who was in sight of victory, withdraw his troops.
And after Yue Fei had to withdraw his troops and return, wouldn't he again admonish the Northern Expedition? In this way, he is likely to receive more widespread support and realize his long-cherished wish to take back the two emperors of Hui and Qin. Then his Zhao Gou's throne is still difficult to stabilize. Therefore, Zhao Gou wanted Yue Fei to die. But as the king of a country, he can't clarify the crime of Meiji Yue Fei. How to do? This kind of dirty work can only be done by traitorous officials. Whoever is loyal and evil, Zhao Gou is like Mingjing. Therefore, it is very possible that Qin Hui framed Yue Fei as an instruction from Zhao Gou.
With the support of the emperor, what is Qin Hui afraid of? Therefore, when Han Shizhong, who was unknown here, questioned Qin Hui, Qin Hui said confidently: "Does this still need a reason?" The fifth explanation is: No need!
If the emperor kills a courtier, there is no need for a reason! This is also a practice in the ancient imperial power society. That is, "The king called the minister to die, and the minister had to die." After talking for a while, he returned to the original place.
In fact, there is no need to guess about the three characters "No need to have". "Mo" means "no", and "must" means "must". "No need to have" means no need to have, no need to have!
This is also the most "dominant" explanation, and its "dominant" also reflects Qin Hui's arrogance and domineering. This is also in full compliance with the image of a famous traitor in history.
The famous media person Liang Hongda also did a program, and his explanation of "unnecessary" is the same. Liang Hongda believes that many emperors in ancient times were sensible people. They knew who was a treacherous minister and who was a loyal minister. But the emperors did not only use loyal ministers, but loyal traitors and used . Because the emperors are also very greedy, they also need a lot of money to maintain their luxurious and lustful life. If only loyal ministers are used, loyal ministers will oppose him making money, and he will be embarrassed to make a fortune. So he must rely on traitorous officials to make money for himself. At the same time, appointing traitorous officials is also to prevent the merits of loyal officials from overshadowing the master, and use traitorous officials to appropriately suppress and suppress loyal officials, so that those loyal officials who have made great contributions dare not have any ideas.
But you can't just use treacherous officials, because the treacherous officials will miss the country, it is inevitable, and the emperor is not stupid. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on loyal ministers to suppress traitorous ministers. The emperor just played a balancing role, letting the two factions of loyalty and traitor pinch each other and enjoy the benefits of the fisherman.
In addition, there is another advantage to appointing a traitor. If a traitorous official is too bad and too greedy, then he should be cleaned up to relieve the people's anger, thus showing the emperor's clarity. The common people will say that the sage is wise, and even screams long live our emperor! Or, the emperor did not kill the traitorous officials while he was alive, leaving his son to clean him up. For example, Heshen, rich and powerful, and Emperor Qianlong so smart, how could he not know Heshen's greed? He just kept it and didn't kill him, and left it to his son, Emperor Jiaqing. As soon as Jiaqing came to power, he immediately cleaned up He Shen. So "He Shen falls down, Jiaqing is full." No matter how greedy you and Shen are, you can't take them with you when you die. It's still my Daqing. It can be said that Emperor Qianlong raised a "fat pig" for his son. This may be Qianlong's cleverness.
Similarly, Song Gaozong and Zhao Gou deliberately used the traitor Qin Hui to suppress the loyal minister Yue Fei to prevent Yue Fei from rebelling. In fact, Qin Hui was also a "pig" raised by the emperor, but this pig was not mainly used for wealth or economy, but mainly for politics.
Qin Hui was as clear as Ming Jing, knowing that it was the emperor who wanted to kill Yue Fei, and convicting Yue Fei's charge was just a cutscene. So he told Han Shizhong: "Does this still need a reason?" Or "There is no reason at all!"
Qin Hui's answer to Han Shizhong is actually to warn him not to be nosy, this is the emperor. the meaning of! However, as a military commander, Han Shizhong would not think so much, or because his friendship with Yue Fei was not shallow, he was still angry, and asked Qin Hui, "Why do you have to have three characters to convince the world?"
But, Qin Hui Regardless of the world, he only serves the emperor. Besides, if he doesn't do it like this, he's still fooling around in the middle?
Therefore, in the situation at that time, Yue Fei had only a dead end, and he became a political victim. As a military commander, he didn't die on the battlefield, but died in the hands of his "owner", which was Yue Fei's greatest regret.
(Text/A woman who talks about history·Iceland eating ice)
Reference materials: "Song History", "Yue Fei Biography", etc.
