[This article is made by 賨人客 (蜀山笔侠) Exclusive original, copyright, plagiarism must be investigated]
Hello everyone, I am Shushan Bixia, I am happy to share this article with you . Let's first enjoy a poem:
Qinghai Changyun Dark Snow Mountain, the isolated city looks at Yumen Pass.
Huangsha wears golden armor for a hundred battles, and will not return it if it does not break Loulan.
This is a seven-character quatrain from the Tang Dynasty poet 王昌龄, named "Seven Congjunxing" , this is the fourth of them, The meaning of the whole poem is:
Qinghai Lake is covered with dark clouds and the rolling snow-capped mountains are dim. The ancient city of frontier fortress, Yumen Xiongguan, thousands of miles away, facing each other.
Guardsmen, who have experienced hundreds of battles, their armors are worn through, and their lofty ambitions are immortal. They will not attack Loulan and vowed not to return to their hometown.
mentioned three place names here:
1, Qinghai
is today’s Qinghai Lake.
2, Yumenguan
The famous Xiongguan, although it is now broken, but in ancient times, it was the main throat guarding the Silk Road, which played an important role in maintaining the stability and economic development of the Central Plains Dynasty The role of.
3, Loulan
Loulan is the country of Loulan, one of the countries in the Western Regions. I believe everyone has heard of it, but what role does it play that make poets so important?
Next, we will come to understand Loulan systematically. I hope that after this time, you will never forget the former Seven Heroes of the Western Regions.
Let’s look at the map first:
From the picture we can see: Loulan is outside Yumen Pass, located on the east side of Tarim Basin and northwest of Lop Nur. What is special about this position?
The center of the Tarim Basin is the huge Taklimakan Desert, which cannot be traversed and lived in. Therefore, the people of the Western Regions live around the basin, and the traffic is distributed in a ring.
丝路 When passing through here, there are two routes: one takes the north loop line and the other takes the south loop line. Loulan, on the other hand, is located at the intersection of the two loops, which means that no matter which route you take, you must pass through Loulan. Does this position matter?
So, what stories have happened in Loulan?
Combining the personal views of Zhengshi and Bi Xia, the history of Loulan is roughly like this:
The earliest Loulan people came from Congling (Pamir Plateau). They are different from the Central Plains. People migrated from the Indochina Peninsula (Southeast Asia), so their appearance and skin color are quite different.
Simply put: Loulan people are white. They are also said in the history books of our country-吐火罗人.
The picture above shows the restoration of a female corpse unearthed in Loulan.
The Western Regions were only opened up in the Han Dynasty, so our true understanding of the Loulan people began in the Han Dynasty.
Yumenguan is an important border defense town in the northwest of the Han Dynasty, while Loulan is the main throat of the Silk Road. Both are indispensable for the Han Dynasty. Therefore, the Han Dynasty launched a counterattack against the Xiongnu who attempted to control Loulan and the Western Regions, leaving the Western Regions under the rule of the Han Dynasty for a long time.
Loulan was renamed 鄯善 by the Han Dynasty, and its capital was also moved to 扜泥 (now near Ruoqiang, Xinjiang). The original Loulan City was changed to a military town by the Han Dynasty. Continue to future generations.
In the Tang Dynasty, the Turks in the Western Regions once again formed a major border defense problem, and Loulan was the first to bear the brunt and fell into the hands of the Turks. In order to reorganize the power of the Central Plains dynasty, Datang launched the North-South University with the TurksAlthough the Turks were hit hard in the duel, their remnants still pose a serious threat to Datang. In addition, towards the west, the pressure of Datang is not small. Please see the map:
The Hexi Corridor of Datang is facing the attack of the two powerful enemies of Turks and Tubo, and the situation is very serious. This poem by Wang Changling, a poet of the Mid-Tang Dynasty, was written during this period. Although he is a literati, his heartfelt voice also represents the voice of the entire Datang people. If the Turks and Tubo cannot be suppressed, the Silk Road of the Tang Dynasty will be forever No peace.
Later, Datang adopted a consistent strategy and united Huihe to destroy the Turks, and Huihe became the next northern hegemon.
Look back at Loulan (Shanshan). After Loulan moved its capital and changed its name, it became the Seven Heroes of the Western Regions ( Wusun, Qiuci, Shanshan, Dawan, Kangju, Daxia, Dayueshi ) one. However, the small countries of the Western Regions can only play a supporting role in the Central Plains dynasty. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Shanshan was destroyed by the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the Loulan people merged into other ethnic groups and gradually disappeared. Now, in Loulan's hometown, there are only some vaguely visible remains.
This is the history of Loulan, and there are still many unsolved mysteries waiting for us to solve. Friends who are interested can walk the Hexi Corridor to look back at the legendary history .
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Continue tomorrow......
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Author of this article 《賨人客》 , No. “Shushan penxia ”，一个 The article will "talk" 's historical author, focusing on viewing history from different angles and exploring different springs and autumns.
