引语：
The Ming Dynasty established a regime that unified the land of China, and focused on restoring economic construction to continuously strengthen the country, but the harassment from the nomadic peoples in the north also made the rulers of the Ming Dynasty helpless. After years of strategizing, the remnant forces of the Yuan Dynasty who were driven to the north gradually became the two tribes of Tatar and Wala. They sharpened their swords against the great rivers and mountains to the south and tried to make a comeback. During the Ming Dynasty, Wala led a large army to invade, and the offensive was rapid. At this juncture, Yingzong obeyed the words of his cronies, and hurried to the front line to command himself, regardless of the comments and prevention of the court. However, he was defeated for various reasons and was encircled. In August of the 14th year of the orthodoxy, he became a prisoner from the emperor's son. The change of the civil castle".
Portrait/明英宗
Ming Yingzong has fallen into a trough in his life at this time, and at the same time life has taken him a knife: his biggest support-the Ming court behind him was captured Later, he directly pushed his brother to the throne, and he was forced to become the so-called "Overlord". You know, at this time, he is deeply trapped in the enemy camp, and the identity of the emperor is his greatest protection. Once he loses this layer of use value, his life can be taken away by the Valian at any time. What makes many people depressed is that before setting off, he appointed his eldest son as the prince, as a precaution, he can take on the big responsibility if necessary. But when the misfortune really came, it was his younger brother who replaced him with the support of the ministers. Why did the ministers take such an unreasonable approach?
Portrait/Jingtai Emperor
1. Realistic situation-in a dilemma, the emperor was captured by the enemy
, it is not as simple as one person for the country. One is that the morale of the army is unstable and morale is greatly damaged. At that time, Wala struck the iron while it was hot and burned the war to the bottom of the capital, from the princes and nobles to the common people, and everyone was in danger. The capture of the "Emperor" was equivalent to the loss of half of the sky. People did not have a peace of mind. Under the panic, the psychological defense line has been broken, no matter who it is, he can't come up with full confidence and pat his chest to guarantee that Daming will win in this disaster. How can the subjects come up with the best morale to fight to the death?
Movies and TV dramas/Hundreds of officials are inconsistent
Besides, not everyone can show the courage and faith to defend their homeland to the death. At this most critical juncture, of course there are some imperial officials who enjoy national salaries who propose to "migrate south"-move the capital to the south and move the border of Daming to the south. Xu Youzhen of the Imperial Academy vigorously advocated the remarks of moving south. Not only did he personally let his wife and children return to his hometown in Jiangnan for refuge, he even moved out his astrological expertise to endorse, saying that at this time the fate is gone and the capital should be moved to Nanjing. . Although this voice was quickly suppressed, there is no doubt that there are still many people who are shaken and want to flee south.
The emperor has become a meat ticket, and the people of the Ming Dynasty are suppressed.
At that time, although the Wara was a strong soldier, they were also afraid that using a strong direct attack on the city would bring great loss of vitality. They glanced at the Ming Yingzong in their hands, and suddenly thought about it-aren't you the emperor, who would dare not listen to you in the whole Ming? If you let your subordinates directly surrender, who would dare to resist the order?
Hostage Mingyingzong
So they swaggered to escort Yingzong to the front line, first went to Xuancheng, then to Datong, and let him defend the city under the gate The soldiers shouted: Open the city gate and surrender! The knife was placed on Yingzong's neck, even if he was unwilling, how could he dare not cooperate? Fortunately, the general who defended the city did not obediently obey, but pretended that he was not in the city. He used this awkward reason to prevaricate the matter, and Wala's plan to take the city without any effort was defeated.
However, with this incomparably valuable butcher, dragging him to wander around, the Wala people can still obtain large amounts of gold and silver treasures by blackmail in the hands of the frightened Da Ming subjects, earning money without losing money. Moreover, in the confrontation between the two sides, Daming is often in a passive position, not dare to fight back or resist. Even if his subjects have the blood to defend their homes and the country, they can only paint the ground as a prison and dare not act rashly.move. At this time, the Oala people are in control of the whole situation, pressing every step of the way, and Daming's future is like a mist.
Therefore, only by letting Yingzong lose the value of this "emperor" and preventing the insatiable Oirat people from taking advantage of it, can Da Ming be able to turn his passivity into the initiative and change the situation to survive. The establishment of another emperor, let Yingzong become the "superior emperor", so that the bargaining chip in the hands of the Oala people was greatly reduced, and it was the best choice at this time.
2. Lessons from the past-Song Jingkang’s shame
When the ancient civil servants are undecided, their first reaction is often to seek history, hoping to draw on historical experience or lessons To find a solution to the current problem. The history of blood and tears of the monarch being captured in the Song Dynasty was naked in front of the ministers, and people had to look for solutions more cautiously.
At that time, when Song Huizong faced the menacing enemy, he was greedy for pleasure and he could not use the courage and ability to master the situation, and he did not dare to take the responsibility of the emperor, so he placed the emperor as the emperor. Seeing it as a hot potato, he threw it directly to his son who had not yet plump wings, and became a happy and happy Emperor. However, this young son of Song Huizong was weak and indecisive. He couldn't make up his mind when he encountered problems. He would only listen to slander and lack his own judgment. He was not a qualified successor. The father and son of Song Huizong are the same. When facing the enemy, he only wanted to escape, and only wanted to solve the war by making peace. He didn't have the courage to fight to the death and put the people in the deep water. In the end, under the leadership of such a weak and incompetent ruling center, the Great Song Dynasty retreated steadily, and the two sages of Huiqin and Qin were directly captured. Most of the rich princes and nobles of the past suffered humiliation and died, and retreated to the Southern Song Dynasty, which is south of the Yangtze River. It was even more difficult for the imperial court to regain the North, and eventually it was swallowed up in one bite, and the mountains and rivers were broken.
大明版图
Da Ming’s courtiers reached two consensuses from this period of history: one is the need for a strong ruler who can lead the upper and lower subjects to fight to the death; the second is Swearing to the death, sticking to the capital, only a last fight can comeback.
The question of who should support the emperor is already clear at this time-the prince was only two years old at the time. If he is to dominate political affairs, the queen dowager’s assistance is indispensable, which means that the right to decide big and small matters falls. After these two hands. However, not all women have the talents of Lu Wu. The two generations have been educated in deep boudoir since they were young. How can they clearly understand political affairs? What's more, after the news of Yingzong's capture, the two queens could not do any better except crying and crying for God to worship Buddha. How can they be counted on by the country? The young prince could not ascend the throne of God under these considerations.
Movie drama/Queen dowager image
And the best candidate is Ming Yingzong’s younger brother-Zhu Qiyu. He is young and promising, with extraordinary bearing, and has experience in supervising the country. He can live in the town and is the best candidate to lead the ministers to fight against the enemy. Although the crown prince is still alive and supporting Zhu Qiyu's superiority is not in accordance with the law, but he is in a hurry to follow his power. This decision directly affects thousands of Li people. So, at this critical juncture, he accepted the request of the ministers, ascended the throne and became the emperor, and he was called Jingtai Emperor in history. The throne at this time is a great responsibility that weighs heavily on Zhu Qiyu's heart.
The beautiful Jingshi defending battle
After establishing another emperor, the Yingzong, who became the overlord, naturally lost its use as a bargaining chip, and Xiao Jiujiu, who wanted to use the Yingzong as a threat, was naturally abandoned. For Daming, supporting Zhu Qiyu's supremacy means that the court is back on track, and the state's machinery is running again, giving people endless hope.
Wala is anxious now. Originally, with the chips in hand, they thought that they were able to successfully replicate the victory of the Jin Dynasty. They didn't expect that the Ming Dynasty had such a coping strategy, which made them panic. In order to win the victory as soon as possible, Wala came up with another trick: to directly besiege the capital under the pretext of returning the Yingzong. On October 11th of the fourteenth year of the orthodox, the Wara soldiers were under the capital of the capital,
after the civil changes occurred to the arrival of Wara in the suburbs of Beijing, less than two months, under the leadership of Emperor Jingtai, in the Ming DynastyUnder the planning and planning of Chen Yuqian, the entire Ming court has undergone earth-shaking changes. First of all, they stabilized the hearts of the people. Not only did they use heavy penalties to suppress the speeches such as "move south" and "destroy the enemy", but also executed the eunuchs and ministers who encouraged the Yingzong to go to the party at all costs. Public opinion was controlled and the hearts of the people were united. , The internal situation has stabilized. Then, deploy the city defense with a very positive attitude: train the army day and night, and quickly increase combat effectiveness in a short period of time; use heavy rewards to encourage civilian forces to transport grain from the granary far away in the suburbs to the capital to ensure sufficient grain and grass in the capital. Once besieged, they immediately surrendered their weapons and surrendered: quickly mobilized troops from various places, reorganized the army in response to the needs of the situation, appointed good generals, and guarded all important gates; mobilized the masses to complete the reinforcement of the city wall in a short period of time to strengthen the security of the capital.
明朝军
Once the civil engineering changes, hundreds of thousands of elites of Ming Dynasty were destroyed once, the defense of the capital became weak; but in this short period of less than two months , Beijing has ample defensive strength, strong morale and strong physical fitness. To reverse the situation in a short time, it is inseparable from the planner's layout strategy, and it is also inseparable from this fast and strong execution. All of this is inseparable from the command and dispatch of a powerful ruling core. If the inexperienced little prince, the soft-eared queen dowager, and the empress are in charge of power, Wanwan will not be able to achieve such a rapid effect.
Therefore, when the Wara army launched an offensive on the capital, they were hit by Ming soldiers and civilians one after another. They could only retreat one after another, and came back in despair. Finally, in desperation, they sent envoys to the Ming court to negotiate peace and release them unconditionally. Yingzong. The battle to defend the capital can be described as turning the tide and achieving the most beautiful results!
Jingtai Emperor Zhu Qiyu ascended to the foundation
It can be seen that it was the superior position of Jingtai Emperor, and the people of Ming Dynasty were able to fight against the enemy with one heart and overcome all difficulties in a short time to defend their homeland. Although after the restoration of the Yingzong in the future, he refused to recognize the legitimacy of his brother's rule, he insisted that he could only be a prince! But history will never forget that at such a critical juncture, it was this young man who was ordered to face the danger and resolutely assumed this great responsibility! With a strong psychological quality and political skills, Daming was pulled out of the dire straits, allowing the country to stand firm even after severe setbacks, sheltering the people of the world, and protecting the people of the Li people from the aggression of iron hoofs.
Picture/Chongzhen dying country
Conclusion:
In this vigorous battle to defend the capital, we can also see Daming’s worth and respect. When faced with a disaster that may develop into an irreversible disaster, Da Ming will not retreat and can quickly adjust his state to meet the enemy with excellent morale. Monarchs and ministers are united in defending their homes and the country, and never succumb to their lives. It was this kind of unrelenting integrity that Da Ming was able to put his death to his death and live.
Throughout the 200-year-old country of Ming Dynasty, we have never exchanged money for peace, never exchanged land for stability, and never sent weak women to make peace. Even when he was unable to return to the sky at the end, Emperor Chongzhen still did not think about making peace and giving in, "let the thieves split my corpse, and don't hurt the people alone", and closely connected his life with the land under his feet. The people of the Li people are closely dependent on each other. It can be said that the king is dead. This kind of iron bone forms a strong contrast with Song's humility and kneeling, and it has also become a rich and colorful stroke in the history of history.
Reference materials: "Ming History", "Ming Shilu"
