The geese in the Jinshu tells history, and after a meal, tells stories.
Zhuge Daming Down Universe!
Zhuge Liang, who is well-known to women and children, is not only a symbol of wisdom, a representative of loyalty, but also a spokesperson of technological inventions in the Three Kingdoms era. His masterpieces in the field of invention and creation, "Wooden Niu Liuma" and "Zhuge Liannu" are known to everyone.
However, according to historical records, Zhuge Liang is not the best inventor in the field of invention and creation compared with the people of the same period, but can only be regarded as the one who is most capable of invention and creation. politician.
In the Three Kingdoms era, the most outstanding achievement in invention and creation should be the Minister of Cao Wei Ma Jun (jūn). (This word reads the military but not the cloud. Let's confess to prevent it from being confused with the Internet technology giant Ma Yun.)
Ma Jun, the word Deheng, was born in Wei Guofufeng (now Xingping County, Shaanxi). The date of birth and death is unknown. His personal deeds are mainly found in Fu Xuan's article quoted by Pei Songzhi in the annotation of "Three Kingdoms".
Fu Xuan authored the book "Fu Zi". He was also a minister of Cao Wei and belonged to Ma Jun. Because of his solitary and straightforward personality, he often talks about current malpractices, so his words are more credible.
Ma Jun was born in poverty, because of a stuttering problem, he is clumsy in speech, but he is quite capable of thinking.
I. Improved weaving machine
["Three Kingdoms-Quotation" Note: Jun is a doctor, poor, and thinking about the change of the silk machine... the old Aya If you have a fifty-six heddle, you will be fifty-five, and a sixty hed-had will be sixty. 】
The weaving machine is a machine that can weave high-end silk fabrics.
The texture of Aya is thin, smooth and soft. In the Three Kingdoms era, although the main control components of the weaving machine have been simplified, 50-60 main control components are still needed to weave high-quality silk fabrics. This will consume a lot of manpower and material resources.
Ma Jun, through careful research, simplified the control parts of the weaving machine to 12 without changing the output quality of "Ling". After this improvement, the new weaving machine is not only simpler and more applicable, but also the production efficiency is increased by about 5 times.
The birth of the new weaving loom, which saved the female loom workers a lot of manpower. Looking at it today, Ma Jun has made great contributions to speeding up the development of ancient Chinese silk industry, which is of great significance.
2. Manufacturing dump truck
["Three Kingdoms-Quotation" Note: Living in the capital, there is land in the capital that can be used as a garden, and there is no water for irrigation. The husband overturned the car to make the child turn around, and the irrigation was self-recovery, more in and out, and his work was more than normal. 】
When Ma Jun lived in Luoyang, the capital, there was an open space in the capital, which was very suitable as a vegetable garden, but it was not convenient for watering. After seeing it, Ma Jun made a very labor-saving dump truck, even the children turned it effortlessly. The effect is a hundred times that of ordinary lifting operations.
can also solve the problems of irrigation and drainage when used in field operations. The contribution to water conservancy operations can be very huge.
III. Researched out the "Water-turned Baixi"
["Three Kingdoms-Quotation" Note: Later, there are people who have hundreds of operas, but they can set up but cannot move. . Mr. Di Yi asked: "Can it be movable?" The emperor said: "Can it be moved?" The emperor said: "Will it be beneficial?" Carved with large wood, make it shaped like a wheel, apply it on the flat ground, and dive with water. Set as a female music and dance elephant, to make the wooden people play drums and flute; as a mountain, make the wooden people jump pills, throw swords, stand on the wall, stand upside down, come and go freely, 100 official offices, spring mills, cockfights, and various changes. 】
Someone presented wooden dolls of Baixi to Wei Mingdi Cao Rui. Cao Rui liked them very much and was very curious. He hoped that these static puppets could move and become more sophisticated. Ma Jun said that these wishes can be realized, so Cao Rui issued an order for him to make it.
Ma Jun uses wooden wheels as a frame and uses water power to push it, and the puppet really moves. All kinds of imitation equipment dolls perform various actions on wooden wheels, dancing, playing drums and flutes, riding fencing, standing upside down, pounding rice noodles, cockfighting, and hundred official yamen. . Emperor Ming was very satisfied after seeing it, and couldn't help clapping his hands for joy.
Fourth, reproduce the guide car
When Ma Jun was an official in the matter, he once served with Sanqi Changshi Gao Tanglong and Xiaoqi General Qin Lang in the court. Arguing on the issue of the guide car.
Gao Long and Qin Lang agreed that there was no guide car in ancient times and the records in historical books are all false. Ma Jun said: "In ancient times there was a guide car. It's just that it's not used now, no one thinks about it, it's not a difficult and far-reaching thing at all!"
Gaolong and Qin Lang both think that Ma Jun is talking Big words, laughed at Ma Jun and said: "Mr.'s name is Jun, and his name is Deheng.'Jun' is a mold for making pottery, and'heng' is used to measure the weight of things. Your current'heng' cannot be measured. The seriousness of the matter, do you still want to make a mold?”
Ma Jun said: “I can’t argue with each other. I just say these are useless, so I might as well try it.”
高隆和As soon as Qin Lang heard that he was stronger, he would really give it a try and decide the outcome. He reported the matter to Emperor Wei Ming, hoping to get some resource support, so that Ma Jun would not be able to step down.
When Mingdi heard it, he quickly ordered Ma Jun to make it. Later, Ma Jun lived up to his emperor's expectations and really built a guide car.
The principle of the guide car is so wonderful that it cannot be explained clearly. Everyone thinks it is wonderful, "From yes, the world will obey its ingenuity."
Fifth, the two major military mechanical improvement ideas
["Three Kingdoms-Citation" Reporter: Ma Jun, seeing Zhuge Liang Liannu, said: "A cleverness is a cleverness, and a lack of goodness is also fivefold." Also suffering from a stone cart, the enemy hangs wet cowhide on the side of the building, while the middle one falls, and the stone cannot be attached. If you want to make a round, hang dozens of boulders, use machine drums, or break the hanging stones, fly against the enemy city, and make the head and tail of the electric shock. Try to use the wheels to hang dozens of pots and fly hundreds of steps. 】
Ma Jun believes that Zhuge Liang's continuous crossbow is "smart but ingenious but not perfect", saying that it can increase Zhuge's continuous crossbow by five times. In addition, he also conceived to create a powerful siege equipment, a stone dump truck, similar to the "thunderbolt cart" used by Cao Cao when he fought Yuan Shao.
These two invention projects were ignored by the incumbents due to the jealousy and condemnation of their peers, and they were not implemented in the end.
I believe that Ma Jun can make a stronger continuous crossbow and a more powerful dump truck. After all, with reference to the above-mentioned invention capabilities, the two military machines, the crossbow and the stone dumper, both have actual models for reference. They are merely improved works and should not be too difficult.
Ma Jun’s colleague and friend Fu Xuan is very emotional about these two ordnance improvements that have not been put into practice, saying: "The husband’s sympathizers are jealous, the colleagues hurt each other, the middle man It is unavoidable. Therefore, a gentleman does not use people to harm others, he must use the test as a stone for weighing; abandoning the stone without using it, this beautiful jade is regarded as a stone because of the falsehood, so Jinghe cried out of the original. ... This is easy to try. The matter, Ma’s clever name has been determined, still inadvertent, the situation is deep and deep, the unnamed innocent? The later gentleman is a lesson! Mr. Ma’s cleverness, although the ancient public loses, Mo Di, Wang Er, In the recent Han Dynasty, Zhang Pingzi could not live. It is good for the world to be used in public transportation. Although Pingzi is a servant, although Mr. Ma is a servant, he is not a professional official, and it is useless to the world. It’s a shame if Wenxian does not try to be a common talent!”
It is a pity that Xiancai was abandoned because of jealousy! hateful! Beautiful jade and real gold are not as good as mountains and rocks. Some people lament, let alone people?
Please remember Ma Jun, an inventor of the Three Kingdoms period, and don't let Zhuge Liang's light conceal his innovative talent.
Zhuge Liang certainly should have a place in the field of invention and creation, but after all, he can’t face the glory, "the mostThe title of “inventive politician” has no significant practical significance in the field of scientific and technological invention. According to this, Liu Bei can be called “the most outstanding emperor of handicrafts” because of his skill in weaving straw sandals. Practical meaning, only smile...
Zhuge Liang’s lack of a scientific invention’s title does not affect his reputation as a great politician and thinker. Ma Jun lost the title of inventor, maybe It really can only disappear in the long river of history.
Ma Jun, a figure who has made outstanding contributions to human progress, deserves to be remembered by posterity...
On the evening of May 13, 2020, Jin The characters of the book goose are recorded in Tongzhou, Beijing.
