Among the four ancient civilizations in the world, the only one that has not been dated and exists today is China. From the known civilization of the Xia Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, a total of 57 dynasties, large and small, have been experienced.
Things before the Xia Dynasty will not be discussed for the time being, after all, the social form before that was not highly civilized enough. Among these dozens of dynasties, the Liao Dynasty was not so well-known, and perhaps many people did not even know it.
Because the Liao Dynasty was a dynasty established by the Khitan in Chinese history, and the Nine Emperors were passed down and enjoyed the country in 209 years. Its capital city is located in the present-day Balinzuo Banner of Inner Mongolia and Kaifeng, Henan. The founder was called Liao Taizu Yelu Abaoji.
Since the Liao Dynasty was established by the Khitan, it is very important to understand the historical origin of the Khitan. According to historical records, the Khitan originated from the East Hu Xianbei, and was a different race with Shiwei and Kumoxi who also spoke Mongolian. In the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong of Tang set up Songmo Dudu Mansion in the residence of the Khitan people, and the chief was appointed as the governor and gave the surname Li.
And the Xianbei nationality is an ancient nomadic nation that rose on the Mongolian plateau after the Huns. It belongs to the Mongolian family of the Altaic language family, and it emerged in the Greater Xing'an Mountains.
In other words, the Khitan people were originally nomads, and they absorbed farming techniques for their own use after the founding of the country. Therefore, the Liao Dynasty focused on the development of the nation, and at the same time, in order to maintain its nationality, it deliberately used nomadic The nation and the farming nation are managed separately, and the ruler advocates governing by the custom, creating a bicameral political system, which is really rare.
But after all, one dynasty could not escape the fate of being replaced by another dynasty. After 209 years of existence, the Liao Dynasty was destroyed by the Jin. Although its remnants moved westward to the Chu River Basin in Central Asia to establish the Western Liao Dynasty, the capital was determined to be the capital of Husiwo Er, and eventually they were all destroyed by Mongolia.
The destiny of being perished is hard to change. Without a country, it is difficult to have a stable home. The Khitan people began to go into exile.
You must know that the Liao Dynasty in Chinese history was not simple. In 1111, its land area had reached 4.89 million square kilometers, and its population had reached about 9 million people. Its military power and influence cover the Western Regions, so after the fall of the Tang Dynasty, Central Asia, West Asia, and Eastern Europe even regarded the Liao Dynasty (Khitan) as the representative title of China.
With such a huge population, where did the Khitan go after the fall of the Liao Dynasty?
According to the past practice, as the defeated party, it is natural to accept the new ruler to govern. After Liao was destroyed by the Jin, of course he would naturally become a subject of the Jin Dynasty.
Therefore, most of the Khitan people were surrendered to the rule of the Jurchens. This is just the beginning, because during the reign of the Liao Dynasty, the Jurchens did not give a good face, and they were always oppressive and contemptuous.
When this status is completely overturned, the outcome can be imagined. This dynasty established by Wanyan Aguda ruled the northern and northeastern regions of China.
Jin Dynasty used the dictatorship to manage the Khitan people, not only unscrupulously burned all the books in the Khitan language, but also explicitly prohibited the Khitan people from learning the Khitan language.
This is undoubtedly a trick to draw salaries from the bottom of the pan, which made the arrogant Khitans intolerable and repeatedly resisted. But in the end, because of the huge disparity in strength, it ended in failure.
Therefore, most of the Khitan people who remained under the rule of the Jurchens became a very small part, and the rest were transferred to the Mongolian people in the Southern Song Dynasty and further north.
is a nomad nation from beginning to end, so it is a very good choice for the Khitan to switch to the Mongolian. Both the life customs and the recognition of the concept are very compatible. After a long life evolution, the Daur people have become today's Daur.
The Khitan people under the rule of the Southern Song Dynasty continued to marry and assimilate with the Han nationality. Not only did they get used to the local life, but they also changed the Han surname to make it easier to integrate. One of the most representative is the Yelu surname, whose Han surname is "Liu".
The rest of the Khitan people changed their surnames to five Han surnames: A, Mang, Jiang, Xiao, and Shi.Together, we have lived in this land for generations.
In short, if you are one of these surnames, you may be a descendant of the Khitan people.
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