“Huang Chengyan, Gao Shuang listed, he is a famous man in Miannan, Zhuge Kongming said: “Wen Jun chooses a wife, he has an ugly body, has a yellow head and black, and he is worthy of talent. Match. "Kong Mingxu, that is, it is sent. People thought of laughter and joy, and the village proverb said, "Don't choose a wife for Kongming, you just get an ugly girl." Based on this, many scholars mostly praise Zhuge Liang for taking it. People do not judge people by their appearance. However, after careful calculation, Zhuge Liang's choice of wife is not only worthy of praise, but also has its "political marriage" side.
Zhuge Liang married his wife-political marriage
Zhuge Liang's ancestral home in Shandong, he was an orphan at a young age. When he was eight years old, he was fostered at the home of his uncle Zhuge Xuan, and when he was fourteen, Zhuge Xuan took their four brothers and siblings to Yuzhang (Nanchang, Jiangxi) as the prefect. Soon, the Han court sent Zhu Hao to his post. Zhuge Xuan, who lost his official position, had to take Zhuge Liang and others to Jingzhou to seek refuge with her old friend Jingzhou Mu Liubiao. In this way, Zhuge Liang spent two or three years in Xiangyang City. When Zhuge Liang was seventeen years old, his uncle Zhuge Xuan died. Zhuge Liang, who had lost his support for life, moved to Longzhong at this time and spent ten years studying hard. During the three years of Xiangyang and the ten years of Longzhong, a total of 13 years, that is, from the age of 14 to 27, Zhuge Liang spent the land in Xiangyang. These 13 years are the formation of Zhuge Liang's worldview and politically. In the mature period, Zhuge Liang emerged from an ordinary teenager in the land of Xiangyang during this important period of life, and gradually grew into a "junior" who is aware of current affairs.
A foreigner living in Xiangyang, why can he grow up as a youth leader in Xiangyang? Z17z
In addition to Zhuge Liang's personal intelligence, the personal relationship that he gradually established in the upper class after coming to Xiangyang is an important reason. Among them, marriage with the incumbents of the society and local powerful forces is a more important reason.
At that time, in the Xiangyang area under the rule of Liu Biao, the main wealthy clan forces were Pang, Cai, Huang, Kuai, Ma, Xi, Yang, etc., from the perspective of political division, there were basically two major factions:
. It is a local wealthy power represented by Liu Biao. Liu Biao's ancestral home is Shandong. Although he is a warlord stationed in Xiangyang from other places, he has colluded with the local rich family in Xiangyang and became a representative of the local rich family in Xiangyang. The two main powers of this group are Cai and Kuai. The Cai family has Cai Huang and Cai Quan, and the Kuai family has Kuai Yue, Kuailiang, and Kuaiqi. Liu Biao's presence in Xiangyang mainly relied on the two forces of Cai and Kuai. Therefore, when Liu Biao ruled Xiangyang, he also mainly relied on the two forces of Cai and Kuai. Therefore, Cai Huang and Kuai Yue all held prominent official positions in the Liu Biao regime. They belonged to the local rich family in Xiangyang. In power.
The other faction is the families of Pang, Huang, Ma, Xi, and Yang. Its main representatives are Pang Degong, Pang Tong, Pang Lin, and Pang Shanmin of the Pang family; Huang Chengyan of the Huang family; Ma Liang and Ma Di of the Ma family; Xi Zhen of the Xi family , Xi Zhen; Yang Lu and Yang Yi of the Yang family. The relationship between these families is quite close, they are the opposition faction of Liu Biao regime. There are also intellectuals who have taken refuge in Xiangyang from other places. Like Cui Zhouping, Xu Shu, Yu Gongwei, Shi Guangyuan and others. They are outstanding talents with aspirations and knowledge. These people had little contact with Liu Biao's regime, but they had close contacts with the local wealthy and opposition parties.
Zhuge Liang in Zuoyang is a figure who is closely related to the two factions and three parties.
First, Zhuge Liang and the Pang family, the Kuai family, and the Xi family established relatively close relatives through marriage.
"Wanli Xiangyang Mansion Chronicles" contains:
"Qin Congzuqi's wife, that is, the sister of Zhuge Kongming."
"Xiangyang Ji" contains:
"De Gongzi character mountain people, also has the name, married Zhuge Liang's little sister. "Z1z
This means that Zhuge Liang's eldest sister was married to Kuaijia, one of the most powerful clans in Tuoyang at that time, and her brother-in-law Kuaiqi was the prefect of Fangling. Zhuge Liang's young lady was married to the Pang family, another of the most powerful family in Xiangyang at that time, and her brother-in-law Pang Shanmin was the son of the respected great celebrity Pang De. In this way, Zhu Shuliang became his cousin and nephew with Pang De, his uncle Lang with Pang Shanmin, and his nephew with Pang De.Pang Tong, whose son is called "Wind Cone", became a cousin. Pang Tong's younger brother, Pang Lin, married the younger sister of Xi Zhen, a famous family in the south of Xiangyang. In this way, Zhuge Liang and Xi's family also joined in a pro-wealth relationship. This kind of relationship may bring two benefits to Zhuge Liang: First, it will help him gain a foothold in Xiangyang, avoid foreign insults, and can form a certain political influence; second, it will help him obtain good teachers and friends, promote his academic progress, and political development.
Second, Zhuge Liang and Liu Biao had a certain relationship through his uncle Zhuge Xuan, and they were fellow villagers. Later, he established a closer relationship with Liu Biao and his son and the Cai family through joint marriage.
"The Old Biography of Xiangyang" contains:
"At the end of the Han Dynasty, all the Cais were the most prosperous, Cai Xiaomei was the most prosperous Taiwei Zhang Wen, the eldest daughter Huang Chengyan's wife, the youngest daughter Liu Jingsheng's empress, and the elder sister."
"Xiangyang Story", Zhuge Liang Choosing a wife is Huang Chengyan's daughter. That is to say, Zhuge Liang's mother-in-law and Liu Biao's step-wife are siblings, Cai Wei is Zhuge Liang's wife's uncle, Zhuge Liang is Cai Yu's niece, Liu Biao is Zhuge Liang's wife's uncle, Zhuge Liang should also call Liu Biao his uncle. Liu Biao’s youngest son, Liu Cong, is married to Cai’s niece. In this way, Zhuge Liang’s wife and Zhuge Liang himself and Liu Biao’s two sons are cousins. This relationship is not only Zhuge Liang’s biggest political backing for survival and progress in Xiangyang, but also the source of information he obtained from the upper-level rulers. This provides him with unique conditions for observing and analyzing the situation and understanding major events in the world.
Third, Zhuge Liang and his followers The young and middle-aged intellectuals who took refuge in Xiangyang from other places have also established close relationships through friends and classmates.
This kind of relationship can learn from each other, increase knowledge and brainstorm, and facilitate the formation of important and insightful political views.
The above-mentioned three relationships clearly played a decisive role in Zhuge Liang's ability to establish himself in Xiangyang and become the leader of the Youth Sect. But Zhuge Liang's marrying Huang Chengyan's daughter may have a greater effect. Zhuge Liang couldn't stop weighing the three for this serious "interests" issue.
One, Huang Chengyan, the father of the Huang family, is a famous scholar in Miannan. Marriage with Huang's father-in-law can get his father-in-law's many teachings and strong support, which is greatly beneficial to his career.
Two, Huang is the niece of Liu Biao’s second wife Cai and his uncle Cai Wei. Marrying the Huang clan can not only become relatives with Liu Biao, the ruler of Xiangyang, but also establish close relatives with Cai Hao, the powerful and powerful faction of Xiangyang. This will help him gain a firm foothold in Xiangyang, understand official life, and have a great effect on his future career in politics. Among the three of
, although Huang's appearance is not beautiful, it is only suitable. Marrying Huang's family can get a good internal help, which will greatly help his future career.
has these three strengths and one shortness. Why should Zhuge Liang start from his future career and not laugh at it? What does it matter if he is not beautiful? Besides, in that ancient society, it was not common for a man to have three wives and four concubines. The wife is not beautiful, just take a concubine. Isn't Zhuge Liang also a concubine afterwards? Of course, the consideration of the first two of the three is the main factor, as for the last one can only be questioned. Because the historical record of Huang's "ugliness" is from his father Huang Chengyan, is Huang really "ugly" or his father's self-humility? Where does the "talent" of "talent worthy of match" appear? ? There is no record in history and it is unknown.
If it is not the "interest" of the first two, that is, if the Huang family is not related to the power of Xiangyang Liu Biao and the Cai family, if the Huang family is not the daughter of the famous Miannan scholar Huang Chengyan, but the daughter of an unnamed ordinary man, Not to mention the "ugly" appearance, even if the flowers are like jade, Zhuge Liang might not necessarily ignore the local proverbs and ridicule, and marry them happily?! It can be seen that the marriage of Zhuge Liang's choice of a wife is still a political marriage, and it is made by both Zhuge Liang and the Huang family. Status is determined. So it is a political marriage. In the Three Kingdoms era where Zhuge Liang lived, although Zhuge Liang's marriage to a wife had a commendable aspect, it was not appropriate to beautify his view of marriage unlimitedly.
Marriage of figures of the Three Kingdoms and politicians
If Zhuge Liang’s marriage to his wife was a political marriage, then the marriage of many figures of the Three Kingdoms and politicians was a political act, a marriage of interests. Opportunities to strengthen one's own power; it is the interests of the family, not personal emotions, that play a decisive role. This is very clear from the marriage of Liu Bei and Liu Biao and his son.
1. Liu Bei's marriage
Liu Bei's Mrs. Mi was recommended by Mrs. Mi's brother Mi Zhu to Liu Bei as his wife. "Three Kingdoms·"Shu Shu·Mi Zhu Biography" contains:
"Mi Zhu character Zizhong, Donghai compatriots (South of Haizhou, Jiangsu) are also people. The ancestors have produced goods, children and tens of thousands of people, and produced hundreds of millions."
He married his younger sister to Liu Bei obviously because of his family interests. He wanted to strengthen his political power to protect his economic interests. He also wanted to move from a wealthy businessman with billions of dollars to the political arena. Those in power in society. Liu Bei's willingness to marry Mi Zhu's younger sister as his wife also apparently received great financial assistance from the Mi family. "Three Kingdoms·Shu Shu·Mi Zhu Biography" contains that Mi Zhu Jinmei and Liu Beishi will give away
"Two thousand slaves, gold and silver currency to help military resources",
makes Liu Bei, who is extremely short of military resources at the time, rely on this to revitalize the army. . As a result, Mi Zhu became the prefect of the county. After Liu Bei pinged Yizhou, Lian Zhu "worshiped as General Anhan, and the squad was at the right of the general."
The combination of Liu Bei and Mrs. Sun is the product of political struggle, which is even more obvious. It can be described as the heart of Sima Zhao, and everyone knows it. "Three Kingdoms · Shu Shu · Xianzhu Biography" contains:
"Qi died of illness, and the group pushed the first leader to be Jingzhou Mu, who governed the public security. The power is a little scared; the younger sister is good. The first leader goes to Beijing to see the right and prepare for the grace. "Z1z
Sun Quan's marriage to Liu Bei is obviously based on the need of political struggle. One is to use Liu Bei to fight against Cao; the other is to restrict Liu Bei's development and wait for an opportunity to seize Jingzhou. Liu Bei is willing to accept it for the development of himself and for the alliance of Wu and Cao. Obviously, the combination of Liu Bei and Mrs. Sun cannot be a marriage of "love". Liu Bei was nearly half a hundred years old when he married Mrs. Sun. Sun Quan was only 29 years old at the time, and his sister was only in her twenties. How can a graceful woman fall in love with an old man of nearly fifty? Although Mrs. Sun and Liu Bei went to Jingzhou with Liu Bei after they were married, they were actually the spokesperson of the Sun Quan Group. The quality of their husband and wife's relationship is often political in the two countries. The relationship. The marriage of Liu Bei and Madam Sun has always run through the main string of political struggle.
Second, the marriage of Liu Biao and his son
The combination of Liu Biao and Cai Wei’s young lady is also a joint marriage that is necessary for political struggle. Historical records:
"Liu Biao Zi Jingsheng; Shanyang Gaoping People", "Small well-known, eight Jun". "Take the general as the Northern Army Central Marquis." "The emperor of the spirit collapsed, and Wang Rui was the governor of Jingzhou. It was when the army of Shandong rose, and the table also joined the army of Xiangyang."
Liu Biao's entry into Xiangyang was supported by Kuailiang and Kuaiyue from Zhonglu, and Cai Yuan from Xiangyang. Therefore, after Liu Biao occupied Xiangyang, Kuai and Cai both held important official positions in Liu Biao's regime. Moreover, the Cai family proceeded from the interests of the family. In order to consolidate its position in Liu Biao's regime, Liu Biao also set out from the purpose of consolidating its regime and better obtaining strong support from the Cai Jiahao family. So Cai and Liu married together. , Liu Biao married Miss Cai Yuan as his step-wife. The Cai family was very favored by Liu Biao, in order to consolidate the power of the Cai family; she also betrothed her niece to her son Liu Cong as his wife, so that Liu and Cai were married, so as to achieve the purpose of safeguarding their respective family interests. . Z1z
Three Kingdoms Marriage is only a tool of political struggle. Since marriage is a product of obedience to the needs of political struggle, it does not take into account the fate and will of women. It is not uncommon to see women as tools of political struggle for the ruling group.
The brave, unfaithful, and capricious Lu Bu's treatment of his daughter's marriage is a typical example. When Yuan Shu and Cao Cao faced each other and struggled with each other, the "Three Kingdoms · Wei Shu · Lv Bu Biography" contained Yuan Shu
, "If you want to tie cloth for aid, it is the son of Suo Bu, and Xu Zhi, the envoy Han Yin is called. Announcement and begged to welcome the wife." Z1z
Lu Bu also agreed to send her daughter to the end of the marriage. But when he heard Chen Jue say:
"Cao Gong is honored to welcome the emperor to assist the state affairs, to command the world with great power, and to conquer the world. The general should cooperate with the plan to seek peace in the mountains. Today, marry Shu and suffer from the world's injustice. In the name, there must be a risk of exhausting eggs." After adding resentment and resentment, the daughter who had been sent to the marriage was on the way back and refused the marriage. Later, when Cao Cao besieged Lv Bu, Lv Bu asked Yuan Shu for help, explaining the reason for his rejection of marriage last time. At the same time, he planned to send his daughter to Yuan Shu's place at night, but the guards who met Cao Cao had to retreat to the city. In the end, Cao Cao broke the city and Lu Bu's wife and daughter were captured by Cao Cao. Another noticeable problem with marriages during the Three Kingdoms period is that, although the political groups have their own interests and set out from the needs of political struggles, they want to achieve their respective goals through political union marriage. But historical facts tellPeople, when conflicts of fundamental interests occur between political groups, they will not take into account the marriage relationship. They would rather sacrifice private marriages to protect the interests of their political groups, thus causing many marital tragedies.
Liu Bei and Mrs. Sun’s marriage are like this. Their union was completely out of the need of political struggle, the age difference was huge, and there was no true like-minded "love" basis. Although they left behind the "blind date" at the time of their marriage, the "Xiu Lin Mountain" where Han Zhaolie married his grandson, and the "Liu Langpu" where the first master took the place of Wu's daughter, they left more of them. After they got married, they suspicion each other, don't build a "lady city" to live there, short-lived marriages, different dreams in the same bed, and the tragic tragedy of Liu Bei's death, Mrs. Sun offering sacrifices to her husband, and throwing a martyrdom to Jiang. The conflict between the Wu and Shu groups fighting for Jingzhou was not resolved because of Liu Bei and Mrs. Sun's marriage. The battle between Wu and Shu for Jingzhou and the battle between Wu and Shu and Yiling also took place.
Concluding remarks
On this issue of political union marriage, the famous Shu Han general and Weizhen Huaxia Guan Yu may be correct. When Guan Yu was guarding Xiangyang, Sun Quan
"sent an envoy to be her son Suo Yu and female Yu to insult her envoy and not allow marriage."
According to this, most commentators think that Guan Yu disregarded the overall situation and destroyed the Wu-Shu alliance. It seems that by giving his daughter to Sun Quan as his daughter-in-law, Guan Yu can consolidate the alliance between Wu and Shu, and Wu will no longer compete for Jingzhou. In fact, the focus of the conflict between Wu and Shu is Jingzhou. Jingzhou is a gateway and a barrier to Soochow. It is a strategic place closely related to the safety of the country. It is a key area that must not be contended. Soochow will never fight for Jingzhou. It will be transferred based on whether Guan Yu agreed to his marriage. I am afraid that Guan Yu, the head of the "Five Tiger Admirals", may have seen this through the marriage between Liu Bei and Mrs. Sun!
