Xiucai is a subject for selecting officials in ancient China. Also used as a special name for school students. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty reformed the official selection system and ordered the local government to inspect and recommend talents, which is called investigation and selection. In the four years of Yuanfeng (107 years before), Ming Gongqing and Zhuzhou each recommended one scholar each year, meaning outstanding talents. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the name was changed to Maocai because of Emperor Wu Guang's name. Cao Weishi of the Three Kingdoms followed Chaju and was renamed Xiucai. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the recommendation of talents was particularly valued. The imperial examination system was first implemented in the Sui Dynasty, and Xiucai Section was established. In the early Tang Dynasty, this department was placed along the line, and the first one was called a scholar. After the abolition of Xiucai, Xiucai became a general term for ordinary scholars. In the Song Dynasty, it was a collective term for scholars and those who should be judged. The Ming Dynasty once adopted the method of recommendation, and there were also scholars. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, scholars were also used exclusively as student members of the prefecture, state and county.
Juren is a recommended person. In the Han dynasty, there was no examination method for recruiting scholars. The imperial court ordered the prefects and the state guards to recommend talents, because they were called "juren". In the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were Jinshi subjects, and those who had a tribute to the subject were generally called Juren. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the people who participated in the middle examination of the township examination were called Juren, also known as the Great Assembly Zhuang and Dachunyuan.
In ancient China, he was known as the middle examiner of the first-level imperial examination of the central government. Originally refers to the taxi recommended by the ancient princes to the emperor. Han refers to the filial piety recommended by the county. "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Zuo Xiong Biography": "The county was tested for integrity, the ancient tribute." This title was first seen in "Book of Rites · Sheyi": "The princes presented at the age of the year, and the tribute was to the emperor." Participants in state (prefecture) and county imperial examinations (township tribute, township examination) are called township tributes. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the test subjects were collectively called Gongshi. In the Qing system, those who passed the examinations were called Gongshi, and they were given a scholarship by the palace examination. However, it is customary to call them Jinshi after they pass the examination.
In the ancient Chinese imperial examination system, those who passed the final examination are called Jinshi. It is the name of the ancient imperial examination and the first. It means someone who can be awarded the title. This name was first seen in the "Book of Rites · King System". During the reign of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, Jinshi courses were introduced. The Tang also set up this subject. All those who take the exam are called Jinshi, and those who take the intermediate exam are all called Jinshi. In the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, the tributes were given births after the palace examinations, and were called Jinshi. And it is divided into three tops: first class with 3 people, awarded to Jinshi and first; second and third class, allocated to Jinshi background and same Jinshi background.
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the champion, the second and the third place in the imperial examination were the first, second and third place in the imperial examination.
Step:
Candidate: This is the first step. Some white bodies, that is, people without a degree, are still taking the exam for children by the age of 70. Candidates for examinations are scholars who have to pass the county examination conducted by the prefect, the prefectural examination conducted by the prefect, and the college examination conducted by the provincial academic politics to obtain the qualifications of scholars.
Rural Examination: With the status of a scholar, you can participate in the three-year rural examination. The township examination is the provincial examination and the most important part of the imperial examination. The rural examinations are also called Qiuwei, and they are all held in autumn. The test questions were set by the emperor, and the invigilator was appointed from the central government by the emperor. The competition in the rural examination is very fierce. Generally, one of 10 to 20 talents is selected, and it is called Juren.
Conference Examination: If you are a Juren, you are eligible to participate in the three-year examination, that is, you go to Beijing for the examination. The examination is also called Chunwei. The test room is located in Shuntian Fugongyuan, Beijing. There are three tests, each for three days, nine days in a row, and the elimination rate is over 90%. Those who pass the exam get the title of "Gong Shi", which is also called "Jin Shi".
Palace Examination: You can be an official if you have won the "Jinshi", but the official depends on the final examination. The hall test was initially held at the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City, and at the Hall of Baohe after Qianlong. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the emperor personally drafted test questions and judged test papers. After Kangxi, it was changed to review by the Minister of Marking, and only the top ten test papers were submitted to the Emperor's Imperial Examination.
In the Palace Trial, three winners will be selected, namely the champion, the second best, and the best candidate, and the second and third winners will take 100 to 300 people. The top seven rankings of the top and second tops were determined by the emperor, and the first, second and third tops were filled in the gold list according to the order of results. There are two types of gold charts, small and large, the small ones are presented by the emperor, and the big ones are posted outside Chang'anmen.
