Hello everyone, I learn from history.
For researchers and lovers of literature and history, unofficial history has always been a useful supplement to official history. However, unofficial history also contains too many untrustworthy factors, and researchers need to extract the essence and discard the dross.
Especially the history of the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, due to loose official control, there were too many unofficial histories in the Ming Dynasty, which were full of speculation and fabricated content. In the Qing Dynasty, because of the royal family's literary inquisition , there were too few unofficial histories.
The great historian Liang Qichao directly summed it up: " Those who govern the history of the Ming Dynasty are often disgusted with the abundance of unofficial history, and those who govern the history of the Qing Dynasty often feel that there are few unofficial histories."
But there is a folk book, because the author personally experienced the changes between the Ming and Qing dynasties and recorded too much The history of the late Ming Dynasty The author was once thrown into prison. But by chance, this strange book was hidden in the mezzanine of the wall. Throughout the Qing Dynasty, no one dared to publish it. It was not until the Revolution of 1911 broke out and the Qing Dynasty fell that this strange book was made public.
This is the biographical history book written privately by Zha Jizuo in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties - "History of the Ming Dynasty"! Because the author was implicated in the Literary Prison, he simply signed the title of the book as "Gui Wei Lu Shu", so this strange book is also called " sin Wei Lu ".
In this issue @ Take History as a Mirror, I will talk to you about the magical celestial phenomena recorded in this strange book when the Ming Dynasty fell, that is, in the 17th year of Chongzhen, for your enjoyment.
1. Strong wind, smog + earthquake
According to the records of "Sin Wei Lu", on the first day of the first lunar month in the 17th year of Chongzhen, a strong wind and haze suddenly broke out in Beijing, the imperial capital of the Ming dynasty.
At that time, the official Qin Tian Jian said through divination that the weather was very ominous because the strong wind was blowing from the dry position, which was a sign of " violent troops breaking the city "!
And in the same month, Fengyang also suffered an earthquake.
Where is Fengyang? It is the hometown of Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty, the place of Longxing in the Ming Dynasty, and one of the three capitals of the Ming Dynasty. An earthquake in Fengyang is definitely a big event.
Sure enough, on the first day of the first lunar month of the 17th year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng established the Dashun Dynasty in Xi'an and changed the name to Yongchang.
On the first day of the first lunar month of Jiashen Spring in the 17th year of Chongzhen, there was a strong wind and haze. The fortune teller said: The wind started from Qian, and the main force was to storm the city. Fenyang earthquake. ——Volume 17 of "Crime Wei Lu"
2. Big wind and sand + Yuganzhe
After Li Zicheng established the Dashun regime in Xi'an, he began to cross the Yellow River east to attack Shanxi on February 2. In just a few days, he defeated Shanxi counties and counties.
On the fifth day of February, Li Zicheng occupied Taiyuan and captured Jin Wang Zhu Shenxuan ; and then captured Zhangde Mansion and Huaiqing, where King Zhao Zhu Chang'er was killed, King Zheng Zhu Yiduo was missing, and the Ming army collapsed at the first touch.
Seeing that Shanxi was in danger, Li Jiantai, the right minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and a bachelor of Dongge in Beijing, couldn't sit still. He was originally from Quwo, Shanxi, so he told Emperor Chongzhen that he was willing to go to his hometown in Shanxi to spend his wealth and recruit soldiers to regain Shanxi for the Ming Dynasty and guard the southwest of the capital.
When he saw someone volunteering for help in times of crisis, Chongzhen was very happy, so he went to the ancestral temple to offer sacrifices to . He also gave Li Jiantai a festival ax, giving him the right to kill first and then report, and then organized a large-scale practical activity at Zhengyangmen .
Chongzhen personally gave Li Jiantai three glasses of wine and said to him: Sir, please act quickly, as if I were doing it myself!
However, on the day Li Jiantai left the army, there was a strong wind and sand blowing in Beijing. The official divination said: This omen was not conducive to the march.
Even with the strong wind and sand, this was not the end. Li Jiantai was sitting in a sedan chair and had just left Zhengyang Gate before he had gone far. The pole of the sedan chair broke. This was also a very bad omen.
Sure enough, as soon as Li Jiantai arrived at Zhuozhou , more than 3,000 people under his leadership had already fled, leaving only more than 500 people to follow. At this time, news came that his hometown, Quwo, had fallen. Now Li Jiantai had no hope of relying on his hometown's wealth to provide food and wages.
Li Jiantai and several hundred people could not play a big role in the troubled times, and were later captured by Li Zicheng.
The cabinet minister Li Jiantai was from Shanxi. He asked to spend his entire family and ban travel, and blocked the south of Guji in the west. In order to inform the temple, the emperor gave him the gift of 荭 and sent him to Zhengyang Gate. He also gave him three wines and said: "Sir, if you are sick, I will go there personally." That day there was a strong wind and sand, and the divination said: It is not good for the army. After a few steps in building Taipei, the pole breaks. ——Volume 17 of "Crime Wei Lu"
3. The Emperor's Star Moves Down
In March of the 17th year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng's army had successively conquered Ningwuguan in Xuanfu, and Shanxi's general officer Zhou Yuji was killed in battle.
General Zhenshuo and Datong Chief Military Officer Jiang Yu who were stationed in the important town of Datong saw Li Zicheng's army directly surrendering to the city, and the acting king Zhu Chuan was killed by the rebel army.
By March 15th, Dashun's army had arrived at Juyongguan, the gateway to Beijing, where Du Zhizhi, the eunuch, and Tang Tong, the chief soldier, surrendered without a fight.
On the 16th, Dashun's army marched all the way south to occupy Changping and arrived at Shahe. The imperial mausoleums of the Ming Dynasty were all burned.
On the 18th, the Dashun army had surrounded Beijing. Although there were still 50,000 people in the Beijing camp defending Beijing at this time, their momentum was gone. The Dashun army occupied the outer city of Beijing that day.
At this time, the Qin Tianjian came over to report to Emperor Chongzhen. The celestial phenomenon showed "The Emperor's Star Moves Down"!
At this time, Chongzhen had no choice but to finally abandon Ningyuan in the northeast and let Wu Sangui and Wang Yongji quickly lead troops to rescue him.
Qin Tianjian reported that the emperor's star moved down, and the imperial edict was abandoned. Wu Sangui and Wang Yongji entered the defense with troops. ——Volume 17 of "Sin Wei Lu"
It's a pity that it's too late to issue an edict now.
On March 19, the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Chongzhen and eunuch Wang Chengen hanged themselves in Wanshou Mountain, and the Ming Dynasty was destroyed.
Zha Jizuo was an eyewitness at the turn of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. He was also an organizer of the anti-Qing Dynasty in the Jiangnan region and once served under King Minglu. When he wrote this "Sin Wei Lu", part of it was his own experience and part of it was interviews and investigations.
In the harsh environment of the Qing Dynasty, Zha Jizuo spent 29 years secretly compiling this work. After it was completed, it was hidden in Fubi and kept secret. In order to avoid disaster, later generations often altered the words "Jiannu" and "Manchuria" in the original manuscript. They also obliterated the year name of the Southern Ming Dynasty and added the word "pseudo".
It was not until the Revolution of 1911 and the fall of the Qing Dynasty that this work first appeared in the world and was hidden in the Liu Family Jiaye Hall in Wuxing. In 1936, the Commercial Press photocopied and published the collection, allowing the world to see the truth.
Zha Jizuo is the representative of the Cha family in Haining and one of the ancestors of Jin Yong. Jin Yong also wrote about his ancestor in his novels.
Although there are some contradictions between the events recorded in "Sin Wei Lu", the materials used were based on hearsay, which was not included in the assessment. But all in all, this book has major flaws and minor flaws, but it is still a valuable history book that can correct the shortcomings of the Three Histories.
