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1961, Zhongnanhai welcomed a special guest. At the door of Yiniantang, an old man in his fifties was wearing a brand new and straight Zhongshan dress , with a little self-blame and panic on his face, and more of them were unconcealable surprises.
This old man is the one who was just pardoned by New China two years ago. Qing Dynasty The last emperor Puyi . He came to Zhongnanhai this time and was invited by Chairman Mao to come to the talks.
During the talks, Puyi burst into tears several times, saying that he was a sinner of history and that he would have been fine if he didn't become the emperor.
So, what is the meeting between Chairman Mao and Puyi? Why did Puyi cry several times, and how did Puyi become a sinner in history?
If we use movie shots to describe the ups and downs and controversial life of the last emperor Puyi, I think the first shot at the opening of this movie must be like this.
It was October 1908. The Qing Dynasty Palace in Beijing was already a little chilling in late autumn. The news that Emperor Guangxu Emperor and Empress Dowager Cixi were seriously ill spread from the deep palace walls, making the stormy Forbidden City full of a solemn atmosphere.
One night, the great guard suddenly broke into Prince Chun's home with Empress Dowager Cixi's imperial edict, and took out the imperial edict to start reading it. The imperial edict roughly means to take Puyi, who was only 2 years old, into the palace and establish himself as the successor of Emperor Guangxu.
Puyi's biological father Zaifeng, who knew the deep palace walls and had no return, was stunned. Puyi's mother also cried and cried, but before the two of them could react, Puyi was put on a carriage and left.
At the throne ceremony half a month later, Puyi sat on the dragon throne and accepted the congratulations of all officials, but he was still young and seemed to be frightened by this grand scene, crying constantly, ignoring the sad gazes that all the civil and military officials in the court were cast.
Puyi doesn’t know what kind of life will be waiting for him.
screen came to February 12, 1912. At that time, the artillery fire of 1 Revolution shook the Qing Dynasty's rule in southern provinces and also shook the seemingly indestructible wall of the Forbidden City.
On this day, the regent Empress Dowager Longyu finally waited for the representatives who returned from negotiations with the Southern Uprising Army. On the dragon throne, Empress Dowager Longyu sat next to Puyi. Standing in the court were the powerful figures of the Beiyang New Army, including Yuan Shikai , Feng Guozhang and other.
Kei Empress Dowager Longyu did not wait for the news of the rebel army's compromise, but waited for a edict of the abdication of the Emperor of Qing dynasty waiting for her to stamp it with a seal.
"Telection of the emperor, and made the rule of the whole country public, and set it as a constitutional state system of the republic, comforting the heart of disgusting and hope for governance in the country, and helping the ancient sages to the world to be the righteousness of the public..."
Under the coercion of Yuan Shikai and others, Empress Dowager Longyu put a seal representing the Qing royal family on the abdication edict with tears and trembling hands.
big seal marked the end of the Qing Dynasty's rule for more than two hundred years and the end of China's feudal monarchy for more than two thousand years. But Puyi, who was six years old at the time, didn't know that the Qing Dynasty was over, but his first half of his life as a puppet had just begun.
Under the preferential conditions of the Republic of China, Puyi and the Qing royal family were able to still live in the Forbidden City after abdication. Puyi also grew up here and had his own thinking and ideas about some things.
Under the guidance of foreign teacher Johnston , Puyi, when he was young, learned about the advancedness of the Western world and was also disappointed with the backward Qing government.
Therefore, he began to rectify his small court in the Forbidden City, and took measures such as abolishing institutions, expelling eunuchs, and investigating assets.
However, these measures only addressed the symptoms but not the root cause, and Puyi’s will to reform was not firm. Under strong resistance, his reform measures soon came to nothing. Puyi also began to sink into himself, flying around all day long, drinking and having fun.
The chaotic management and huge expenses of the small court in the Forbidden City gradually dissatisfied the Beiyang government. Some people began to suggest that all the privileges of the Qing royal family in China should be completely abolished and the feudal monarchy should be completely eliminated.
But Puyi, who was isolated from the world at this time, had no idea and was still immersed in his dream of becoming a little emperor in the small court.
Until one early morning in 1924, the servant hurriedly woke up Puyi, who was still sleeping, and told him that all the troops outside the palace were Feng Yuxiang.
Feng Yuxiang sent a message, giving Puyi, the Qing clan, servants and other personnel three hours to move out of the Forbidden City, otherwise the bombardment would begin.
Puyi was in a panic and had no plan to deal with it. He hurriedly packed his clothes and took some treasures, calligraphy and paintings as travel expenses, and fled Beijing without caring about his clan members or servants.
After many twists and turns, Puyi came to live in Tianjin, and his experience of being forced to flee from the palace in a hurry was also noticed by the Japanese with ulterior motives, who prepared to take Puyi hostage and embark on a road of no return.
ascended the throne at the age of two, perished at the age of six, was restored to power at the age of eleven and stepped down again within twelve days. At the age of eighteen, he was expelled from the Forbidden City by Feng Yuxiang and lived in Tianjin.
The experience of the last emperor Puyi up to this point can only be regarded as desolate, but his subsequent actions have cast a layer of sin on top of the desolation for the first half of his life.
So, how did Puyi's sinful life begin, and what actions made him cry bitterly that he was a sinner of history?
In 1924, Feng Yuxiang launched the Beijing Incident, abolished the preferential treatment conditions of the Qing Dynasty royal family, and drove Puyi out of the Forbidden City. After several twists and turns, Puyi came to live in Tianjin.
In 1927, Sun Dianying pilfered the Dongling Tomb, which made Puyi feel that his so-called "royal dignity" had been insulted like never before, which aroused a hatred for the National Government and a strong desire to revive the Manchu regime.
Not only Puyi, but also the old and young of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, headed by Zheng Xiaoxu, Shanqi and others, also never forgot the restoration, and came to visit Puyi one after another to discuss the "big plan" to overthrow the National Government and rebuild the country.
The exchanges between these Manchu and Qing Dynasty remnants and Puyi attracted the attention of the Japanese Kwantung Army. After the September 18th Incident, the three eastern provinces fell into the hands of the Japanese invaders.
Faced with the turbulent anti-Japanese struggle in northeastern region , Kwantung Army was eager to establish a puppet regime to maintain their colonial rule.
Northeast is where the Manchus arose and where the Manchu Qing regime arose. The Kwantung Army believed that as long as Puyi could be brought back to be the nominal ruler of the Northeast, the people of the Northeast would give up resistance and stop fighting the Japanese army.
So, in November 1931, the leader of the Kwantung Army, Kenji Doihara, came to Tianjin and came to Puyi's residence.
As soon as he saw Puyi, Kenji Doihara took out the so-called petition of the people that he had already forged, claiming that the people of the three northeastern provinces called on Puyi to return as their leader, while the Japanese Kwantung Army had no territorial claims and was only here to help the people of Northeastern China establish their own country.
Moreover, the cunning Doihara Kenji also complimented Puyi, saying that as soon as Puyi arrived outside the customs, Jilin would immediately declare restoration to show support for Puyi.
At the beginning, Puyi also carefully asked what kind of political system the Manchukuo would be established and whether it would establish an emperor. When he received a positive answer, Puyi immediately put behind him the painful lessons of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 and the Eight-Nation Allied Forces' Invasion of China.
He also said shamelessly: "The Qing Dynasty returned power to the people, but the result was successive years of war. It was really not in line with the original intention of Aisin Gioro . It seems that there still needs to be an emperor.”
In order to strengthen Puyi's determination to return to Manchuria, Kenji Doihara also colluded with the Japanese Tianjin garrison troops and created explosions, attacks and other cases near Puyi's residence, causing Puyi's panic. They took this opportunity to declare that Tianjin was unsafe and asked Puyi to return to the Northeast as soon as possible.
In this way, Puyi secretly sneaked back to the Northeast with the delusion of becoming an emperor again, taking the first step of his treacherous country.
Where could Puyi think that as soon as he returned to the Northeast, the Japanese Kwantung Army exposed his wolf ambitions and put him under house arrest and did not allow anyone to approach.
But Puyi didn't care about this. In order to ensure that he became emperor, he even spent a lot of money to bribe the Japanese Kwantung Army. From this, it shows that Puyi was obsessed with the throne at that time. It has reached a pathological level.
However, when the so-called Manchukuo founding plan was handed over to Puyi, Puyi was stunned, and it said that Puyi's status in Manchukuo was neither the emperor nor the president, but was just in power.
Moreover, Manchukuo must recognize all Japan's privileges in the Northeast, and the full authority of Manchukuo's public security and national defense was entrusted to the Kwantung Army. All the officials of Manchukuo were from Japan I am the one who is the candidate, and the specific candidate is assigned by the Kwantung Army.
Puyi regrets such a treaty that is humiliating, but the Japanese will not give him a chance to regret it. Itagaki Seishiro , representing the Kwantung Army, showed a hideous face and shouted Puyi:
"If you disagree, it is a hostile attitude, this is the last word of the Kwantung Army. "
As soon as these words came out, Puyi had to sign the plan tremblingly and stamp it with a seal. Seishiro Itagaki smiled and handed over 200,000 yen, saying that this was the little intention of the Kwantung Army, and comforted all the founding heroes of Manchukuo.
In this way, Manchukuo became the endorsement regime of Japan in the Northeast, and this 200,000 became Puyi's first remuneration for selling the country.
In Manchukuo, Puyi was like a bird in a cage, with Japanese people staring at him in daily life and dining, and even half a step away from the "palace" had to pass the day I agree.
Kwantung Army carried out a large-scale invasion through Puyi's hands, and even turned the opium that the Chinese hate deeply into a monopoly of Manchukuo to seek huge illegal benefits.
934, Japan decided to upgrade Manchukuo to the Manchu Empire, and Puyi also got his wish and became the emperor he never forgets.
What's ridiculous is that the place where Puyi ascended the throne was in the wilderness. Even the request to wear the Qing Dynasty crown suit was rejected by the Kwantung Army. Puyi could only wear Japanese How ridiculous and ridiculous it is to ascend the throne in military uniforms.
In August 11945, a million Soviet troops attacked the northeast, and the Japanese Kwantung Army collapsed thousands of miles away. Soon after, the Japanese fascists announced their surrender, and World War II ended, and Puyi was also forced to announce his abdication, ending his absurd career as an emperor of Manchukuo.
In the Shenyang waiting hall, Puyi was arrested by the Soviet Red Army. On the train to the Soviet Union, Puyi felt ashamed and had no blood on his face.
He knew that he was guilty and thought everything was over, but who knew that five years later, he would A complete rebirth has arrived.
1945, Puyi, the last emperor of China and the "leader of the puppet Manchukuo, was captured by the Soviet Red Army while absconding, and was sentenced to 15 years in prison in the Soviet Union.
years later, China extradited Puyi back to China and received labor reform in Gongdelin. For him, this was a complete rebirth.
961, Puyi, who was reborn, was received by Chairman Mao. During the conversation, Puyi was excited and cried several times.
So, What did Chairman Mao talk about when he met him in 1961, and why did Puyi cry several times?
Under the high-level transformation measures of Gongdelin managers, Puyi gradually got rid of the bad habits of the old society. Not only did he learn labor skills, but he also completely realized from his thoughts that he was no longer an emperor, but an ordinary citizen.
However, deep down he still felt that China would definitely execute him. Even if he was not sentenced to death, he would be in danger of his life, because his sins were too deep.
However, Puyi obviously underestimated the tolerance and generosity of New China.
If life is a movie, the most worthy shot of Puyi's life in this movie may appear in 1959.
This year, in order to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the founding of New China, Chairman Mao proposed to pardon a group of criminals who performed well.
When the director of Gongdelin War Criminals Management Office read out the amnesty list on stage, Puyi did not raise his head. At that time, he was determined that he would not receive amnesty because the Chinese people hated the feudal emperor too much and the traitors who treasoned the country too much.
However, what Puyi did not expect was that when the director read out the names of Du Yuming , Wang Yaowu and others, he immediately read out
" Aisin Gioro-Puyi ".
Puyi couldn't believe his ears. It was not until the director recited his name several times that Puyi woke up like a dream, staggered onto the stage, and took the notice of pardon with trembling hands.
This day was December 4, 1959, and Puyi will always remember it. On this day, he was officially accepted as a legal citizen of the People's Republic of China.
1961, with a little self-blame, a little panic, and more surprising, Puyi, who was reborn, walked into the Yinian Hall of Zhongnanhai. He will attend Chairman Mao’s invitation to hold the talks.
As soon as I saw Chairman Mao, Puyi burst into tears and said to Chairman Mao:
"I am a person who has committed death crimes against history and the people. It is the government that gave me a chance to be reborn."
Chairman Mao waved his hand and said:
"Not to talk about this, your work in the Botanical Garden is okay, you must take care of your health and continue to study."
Then Chairman Mao also asked about Puyi's ex-wife Wenxiu . Seeing that the leader of a country is so approachable and so concerned about himself, a former war criminal, Puyi couldn't help but shed tears again.
Chairman Mao comforted Puyi. After he calmed down his emotions, the two had an in-depth conversation. During the conversation, Puyi started from his ascension to the throne and continued to talk about his experience in the transformation of the Merit Forest. During this period, Chairman Mao just listened quietly.
When talking about the emperor's issue, Puyi expressed regret and said that it would be great if he did not become the emperor. Chairman Mao said:
"This cannot be entirely blamed for you. The emperor is a product of the feudal era. There are many emperors in Chinese history who have made great contributions. We can only blame the backward feudal system for no longer suitable for China's development."
Chairman Mao's unique views caused Puyi to nod repeatedly. The two talked about dinner time, and Chairman Mao invited Puyi to have dinner together.
At the dinner table, Chairman Mao said that the country is in difficulty now, and we all take the lead in not eating meat. You are a distinguished guest, and having meat today is an exception.
Puyi asked in surprise: "Is there any regulation that does not eat meat now?"
Chairman Mao smiled and answered : "There is no regulation. We decided to take the lead and do not eat meat. People cannot afford meat, so I, Mao Zedong, cannot eat it."
Hearing this, and comparing it with his once extravagant life, Puyi fell into a look again. Tears and sighed:
"I am very grateful to the government for its transformation, which made me realize my mistakes and see a brand new world, a world of hope."
Chairman Mao replied with a smile:
Feudal society has made people turn into ghosts, and the task of us Communists is to save these ghosts from the old world, turn ghosts into humans again, and gain a complete rebirth. ”
It is said that Puyi returned to the Forbidden City once in his later years and once said to a young ticket seller who didn’t know him: “I used to live here, and later, I went to a brand new world.”
At that time, Puyi’s face completely lost his obsession with the palace, power, and status. Instead, he was filled with satisfaction and pride as a citizen of New China.
Yes, it was the successive efforts of the revolutionary ancestors that enabled countless "ghosts" from the old society like Puyi to board the big ship to the new era, where they received a complete new life and truly learned to write a big "human" character
.
