The impression that the teacher gives people is that he has a stern face, is serious and serious.
However, this is not the case with Confucius , as the "most sage teacher".
"The car on Yin Road is good, but the color is still white." - "Records of the Grand Historian: The Original Annals of Yin"
In the final comment of Taishi Gong , the sentence "Kong Fuzi " was quoted. The general meaning is: "White cars flowing on the roads of Yin Kingdom, and the quality is very good. In that era, white is advocated." It is difficult for a straightforward translation to understand Confucius' attitude.
In fact, this should have been a very humorous and funny sentence, but now I still feel that there is no lack of ridicule in it. In terms of the vocabulary at that time - "sarcastic".
Of course, people today interpret this openly as the productive forces developed in the Shang Dynasty, not only the high level of road construction, but also the first-class level of car manufacturing technology. This is a mistaken belief that Confucius praised the Shang Dynasty.
However, I think everyone misunderstood Sima Qian and misinterpreted Confucius. If it is understood as Confucius mocking the Shang Dynasty for moving the capital to waste money and money, wouldn’t it be better?
" Cheng Tang , from Qi to Tang Ba moved, Tang began to live in Bo." Qi-Zhaoming-Xiangtu-Changruo- Cao Yu -Ming-Zhenzhen-Wei-Bi Ding-Bi Bing-Bi-Bi Ren-Bi-Bi Gui-Tianyi (Cheng Tang), from the founding of the Shang Dynasty to Cheng Tang, it has been passed down for thirteen generations, and the capital has been relocated as many as eight times. It is conceivable that the frequent movement of the capital is moved.
As the saying goes, "The fire moves three ways to breathe, and the man moves three ways to lose." The saying is a summary of the experience of human wisdom. The vigorous fire moves too many times and will be extinguished; and if you go back and forth, you will be poorer and poorer if you don’t have a long-term plan.
This is probably the case with the Shang Dynasty. After
Tang, the Shang Dynasty still frequently moved the capital. Sima Qian recorded in Yin Dynasty. In , Ding moved the capital to Yu, Helian Jia moved the capital to Xiang, Zuyi moved the capital to Xing, Pan Geng moved the capital to Bo, Wuyi then went to Bo to Hebei... In the history textbook, the Shang Dynasty moved the capital to five places across the banks of the Yellow River .
The most famous in history should be Pan Geng Qian Yin . "At the time of Emperor Pan Geng, Yin had already lived in Hebei, and crossed Henan, and resided in Chengtang's former residence for five times, but he had no settlement." It was not the last time that Pan Geng moved the capital to Ding Yin. During Pan Geng's reign, the Shang dynasties were established on the north bank of the Yellow River. Pan Geng led a huge team to cross the river from north of the Yellow River to the south bank, re-established the capital. He has moved the capital five times and has not yet finalized the location of choice. And these have caused complaints from the people, "The people of Yin and Xu are all resentful and do not want to move."
The social development of the Shang Dynasty was advancing in a wave of progress and decline. When prosperity turned to decline, the capital was planned to move, and the capital was relocated again. However, Xingsheng has little to do with the relocated country.
As the saying goes, "living and working in peace and contentment". If you cannot even determine the minimum residence, how can you farm with peace of mind and develop the economy? The people were unwilling to make trouble and move back and forth again, so Confucius sneered at this. Since he could not insult him, he had to mock him.
. No matter what the reason for moving the capital, it either stimulates economic development, avoids floods or prevents foreign invasions, there is no doubt that the repeated relocation of capital by the Shang Dynasty caused great trouble to the "national people" (people who live in the capital) and also affected the economic and social development.
From this, it is a satirical example of the troubles of the Shang Dynasty moving the capital. If there are no high-quality vehicles, how can we move the capital in a vast way? And it is repeated, repeated, and repeated, and it is not stopping again and again.
"While the color is still white" probably means that destruction is inevitable. A long line of people and horses who were following the capital, wearing white clothes, all of them were white chariots and horses, white flags... The white team was so powerful that it was like a funeral.
There were neither foreign invasions nor floods and droughts. The Shang Dynasty ruined its future through its own toss and turns.
Viewing the gains and losses of Yin and Xia, saying, "Although we can see in a hundred generations, each article is one quality. Zhou Supervisors two generations are depressed! I followed Zhou."—" Records of the Grand Historian·Confucian Family "
As we all know, Confucius once praised the culture of Zhou Dynasty : on the one hand, it emphasized the cultural continuity between the three generations; on the other hand, he also pointed out that the culture of the Zhou Dynasty was based on the foundation of the previous two generations, and was able to develop into a more superior cultural tradition.
Confucius tried his best to praise the culture of the Zhou Dynasty throughout his life, so he deliberately belittled the culture of the Shang Dynasty?
Confucius was born in Zuoyi, Lu Changping. His ancestors were called Kong Fangshu . — "Records of the Grand Historian·Confucian Family"
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Sima Qian stated in "Confucian Family " that Confucius' ancestors were Shang Tang — "Yin was defeated, and Zhou was conferred his descendants in Song" . The Song people were descendants of the Yin and Shang dynasties.
Civilians would do things to forget their ancestors and to mock their ancestors to improve the culture of the Zhou Dynasty? "Historical Records of the Grand Historian Suoyin" clearly stated that "Carrying the Yin treasures" is reproduced from "The Analects of Confucius", while "The Yin people prefer white" is excerpted from "Rhythm ". This means that "the Yin road is good, but the color is white" is purely fabricated by Sima Qian.
Yan Yuan treasures a country, and the Confucius said: "When you go to Xia, take the Yin treasures, patrol the Zhou crown, and enjoy the Shao dance. Let go of Zheng's voice and stay away from flatterers. Zheng's voice is lustful, and the flattering people are in danger. "—"Analects of Confucius"
Yan Yuan asked Confucius how to govern the country. Confucius said: "Use the calendar of the Xia Dynasty, ride in the car of the Yin Dynasty, wear the top hat of the Zhou Dynasty, ban the music of the Zheng State , and alienate the eloquent villains. The music of Zheng State is frivolous and unfair, and the flattering people are too dangerous. "
"Xia time" refers to the calendar of the Xia Dynasty, which facilitates agricultural production. "Crown" refers to the top hat, and the top hat of the Zhou Dynasty is more gorgeous than before. "Shao" refers to the music of the Shun Dynasty, and "Dance" refers to the music of the Zhou Wu King .
From this point of view, Confucius taught Yan Yuan that he needed to selectively inherit excellent culture. "Zhu" is interpreted as the car used by the emperor. The car of the Yin Dynasty is made of wood, which is relatively simple. If we follow this explanation, the so-called Confucius "The Yin Road Car is Good" is not ironic.
"Xia Hou clan is still black, Yin people are white, and Zhou is red. "—"Book of Rites"
The colors advocated by the five elements are influenced by the idea of mutual restraint in the past dynasties. However, the five elements theory was formed in the Warring States Period Zou Yan, while the "Book of Rites" was written in the Han Dynasty , edited by Dai Shengsu, a ritual scholar of the Western Han Dynasty . This once again made it clear that "the Yin people prefer whiteness" was not the original saying of Confucius.
If the Five Elements theory started later, then the colors advocated by the three ancient dynasties may be related to the tribal color psychology, and may be related to the Five Emperors.
According to Zou Yan's statement, " Five Virtues cannot be defeated, Yu Tu, Xia Wood, Yin Jin, and Zhou Fire. "Cheng Tang should have replaced the wood virtue of the Xia Dynasty with Jinde. Metal overcomes wood, and white becomes gold in the five elements. Therefore, "Tang is to correct the truth, change the color, and promote white" . Mr. Cheng Tang, the founder of the Shang Dynasty, corrected the calendar, changed the color, and advocated white.
According to the concept of mutual restraint and mutual generation of the five elements, red replaces white, which should be a normal continuation. Therefore, Zhou Dynasty advocates fire virtue, and its color is red. Later , Qin Shihuang proclaimed that Qin was the virtue of water, and water belonged to black, so the Qin people were still black. This is another topic.
Sima Qian compiled "The carriage on the Yin Road is good, but the color is white" for Confucius. Is it as Sima Zhen said, "The Taishi Gong praised it and did not write it, so he wrote this sentence"? If it is understood that it would be better to mock the ancestors of the Shang Dynasty in Confucius' tone. It is estimated that Sima Qian smiled sly for his humor after writing "The Record of Yin".
