In April 1975, Chiang Kai-shek passed away in Taiwan. Chiang Kai-shek, who served as the principal of the Whampoa Military Academy and the leader of the Kuomintang, played an important role in modern history.
Chiang Kai-shek, who has been in a high position for many years, has a high opinion of himself, but before his death, he told his son Jiang Ching-kuo that he has always admired one person, and two others made him very afraid.
Looking at Chiang Kai-shek's life, although he did a lot of things that hurt national feelings and his personal abilities were repeatedly questioned, he was not lacking in glory throughout his life. The Kuomintang led by him once occupied most of the country. So who is the one who admired and feared him?
Chiang Kai-shek
The only person I admire
Although the pretentious Chiang Kai-shek is above the top, there is one person who always has a respectful heart, and that is Premier Zhou.
After the founding of the Whampoa Military Academy in 1924, Chiang Kai-shek served as the principal. With the recommendation of Zhang Shenfu, Chiang Kai-shek was able to meet Premier Zhou.
Premier Zhou first worked as a political lecturer at the Whampoa Military Academy, and also taught political science and economics. His lectures are humorous and easy to understand. Chiang Kai-shek was also impressed by his talent and soon appointed Premier Zhou as director of the political department.
After Premier Zhou took office, he began to establish a complete and detailed working system, so that the Political Department can operate efficiently and stably. In order to strengthen students' political education and propaganda of revolutionary ideas, he also organized a drama club to compile short dramas with revolutionary themes for military school students to enjoy and combine education with entertainment.
Zhou Enlai
Premier Zhou's performance alone has already made Chiang Kai-shek highly appreciated, and during the two Eastern Expeditions, Premier Zhou also played an unignorable role.
925, in order to fight against the warlords who used imperialism to disrupt China, Chen Jiongming, and Guangzhou National Government, organized two Eastern Expeditions, and Premier Zhou had participated in it.
In February 1925, the first eastern expedition of began. Premier Zhou was mainly responsible for the ideological and political work of officers and soldiers. In order to strictly enforce military discipline, Premier Zhou sent the officers and soldiers a badge with several big words printed on it: "Love the country, love the people, do not be greedy for money, and do not fear death."
Then, he compiled and sang a military song, which was the general idea that during the march, do not harm the people, do not take the people's property, and do not trample on the people's farmland.
Measures such as
are obviously more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people than the stereotyped rules and regulations. The Eastern Expedition Army was praised by the people along the way, and the people spontaneously were responsible for the logistics work of the Eastern Expedition Army. In addition, Premier Zhou also established a series of reasonable and effective military and political systems, which were used by the Eastern Expedition Army for a long time.
Zhou Enlai
The Second Eastern Expedition began in October 1925. Chen Jiongming was severely hit in the first Eastern Expedition, but he still had the delusion of making a comeback, but these delusions were quickly destroyed by the Eastern Expedition Army.
During the Second Eastern Expedition, Premier Zhou's political propaganda work played a key role. He vigorously carried out the Workers' and Peasants' Movement, proposed to exempt the heavy taxes of the people of Dongjiang and organize the peasant self-defense army. This series of measures made local people turn against each other, and Dongjiang's recovery work also achieved twice the result with half the effort.
After all parts of the Dongjiang River were recovered, Premier Zhou was also appointed as the administrative committee member of the Dongjiang River, which shows that Chiang Kai-shek valued him. After two Eastern Expeditions, Chiang Kai-shek had regarded Premier Zhou as his right-hand man, but as his power grew, his ambitions gradually expanded, which also made Premier Zhou part ways with him.
In November 1925, during the Second Eastern Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek convened all senior military and political chiefs for a meeting. At the meeting, he asked Premier Zhou to hand over the list of all the Communists in the Whampoa Military Academy and the Eastern Expedition Army to him.
Chiang Kai-shek
Premier Zhou noticed Chiang Kai-shek's other thoughts and thought the matter was of great importance and rejected Chiang Kai-shek on the spot. But Chiang Kai-shek, who was determined to eliminate dissidents and strengthen his forces, did not stop there, but instead launched the " Zhongshan Ship Incident " that shocked the whole country, monitoring and imprisoning a large number of our party members and progressive Kuomintang people.
After the end of the Zhongshan ship incident, Premier Zhou sent a telegram to Chiang Kai-shek to question him, and Chiang Kai-shek was a little worried for a moment. Finally, under the pressure of Premier Zhou, Chiang Kai-shek quickly released his imprisoned comrades, but Premier Zhou, who he was determined to win over, left the Whampoa Military Academy afterwards. However, the real break between the two should be in the "April 12 coup". Premier Zhou also led the Nanchang Uprising and vowed to fight against the counter-revolutionary forces headed by Chiang Kai-shek to the end.
At this point, Premier Zhou became a role that Chiang Kai-shek hated and respected. He respected Premier Zhou's talent and courage, respected him day and night, devoted himself to the revolutionary cause, and hated that such outstanding people could not be used by him.
Zhou Enlai
Chiang Kai-shek and Premier Zhou once again intersected after the Xi'an Incident in 1936.
In order to promote the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and jointly fight against Japan, and to avoid the civil war between , Premier Zhou came to Xi'an and mediated between the two generals Yang Hucheng, Zhang Xueliang and Chiang Kai-shek, mediated from it, and reached a preliminary agreement to jointly fight against Japan.
When I saw Premier Zhou again, Chiang Kai-shek was mixed with emotion. He promised to reach an agreement on the joint war of resistance as soon as possible and to ask Premier Zhou about his well-being. But after Chiang Kai-shek was released, he quickly reneged, pointing out further negotiations in Nanjing, and asked Premier Zhou to come in person.
After six formal negotiations and many secret meetings, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party finally officially launched its second cooperation to form the anti-Japanese national united front, which was of great significance to Premier Zhou.
And his political ability, , negotiation skills and strong personal charm also made Chiang Kai-shek admire him more and more, and became the "only person he admired in his life."
Chiang Kai-shek
Enemy of his life
If you want to say who Chiang Kai-shek fears the most, most people think of it at the first time, and this is true.
The first meeting between Mao and Jiang was not actually Chongqing negotiation . As early as 1924, Chiang Kai-shek met Chairman Mao.
At that time, Chiang Kai-shek had already had extremely high power within the Kuomintang, but Chairman Mao was just a representative of Hunan. Although he had made several wonderful speeches, Chiang Kai-shek at that time did not have a deep impression of him. After
, the strength of our party was once very different from that of the Kuomintang, and Chiang Kai-shek was not afraid of Chairman Mao.
Chiang Kai-shek's huge change in attitude towards Chairman Mao was mainly after the Chongqing negotiations ended in 1945. Before the beginning, he once believed that Chairman Mao would not dare to go to Chongqing to attend the meeting. At that time, he would be able to publicize that it was our party's "unwilling to negotiate" and used this as an excuse to liberate the area and further consolidate its strength.
Chiang Kai-shek and Chairman Mao
Chongqing negotiations can be said to be a game between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Mao and Jiang were the players on both sides, but before the negotiations began, Chiang Kai-shek lost.
Although Chiang Kai-shek believed that Chairman Mao did not dare to come to Chongqing for negotiations, he still sent his subordinates to "detect the whim" through telegram. Chairman Mao could see at a glance that Chiang Kai-shek did not want him to go to negotiate. As long as he revealed his intention to not go to peace talks, he would publicize "how the Communist Party can disrupt peace talks."
So, Chairman Mao took the plan and told Chiang Kai-shek's subordinates several times that he would not participate in the negotiations. But on August 28, he appeared at Chongqing's Jiulongpo Airport , and also sent a signal to the outside world through the media: "I went to Chongqing to participate in the peace talks with Mr. Chiang Kai-shek's appointment to discuss the major plan of national unity!"
In this way, Chiang Kai-shek was instantly passive in public opinion, and all his original plans were no longer effective. Moreover, if his negotiation fails this time, no matter who is responsible, the only one who will be blamed by the people will eventually blame the Kuomintang.
Chongqing negotiations
The two held their first meeting that night, but the results were mediocre. After more than ten days of stalemate, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party held three talks, but they were left alone.
Until September 17, Chiang Kai-shek finally began to cooperate with the negotiations, which has a lot to do with the " Shangdang Battle " that broke out a few days ago. In this battle, the Chinese Democratic Party had tens of thousands of troops wiped out, which forced Chiang Kai-shek to pay attention to the strength of the Communist Party of China.
However, the two sides of the negotiations had differences on some details, especially the number of military reorganizations. Then they held two more negotiations and finally reached an agreement. The 43-day Chongqing negotiations finally came to an end.
During this negotiation, Chiang Kai-shek's impression of Chairman Mao changed greatly, not only because of Chairman Mao's extraordinary courage to go to Chongqing, but also the extremely high political wisdom and foresight shown by Chairman Mao in several negotiations refreshed Chiang Kai-shek.
Chiang Kai-shek
And in the War of Liberation, the Kuomintang was defeated step by step, and Chiang Kai-shek became more and more afraid of Chairman Mao. In terms of personal abilities, Chiang Kai-shek also knew that no one could be compared with Chairman Mao.
In terms of military capabilities, Chiang Kai-shek is a typical example of "both both good and love to fight". He often commands over the level and dares not delegate power, but what he gets is the front line retreating and defeating like a mountain.
But even so, Chiang Kai-shek still feels good about himself. On the other hand, Chairman Mao used his troops like a god and dared to delegate power. The battle between Chishui and Chiang Kai-shek was dizzy. It was obviously a strategic shift, but it became a myth in military history. As the People's Liberation Army's troops grew and its equipment became more and more excellent, Chiang Kai-shek had no chance of winning.
But even so, Chairman Mao still humbly said: "I am just an intellectual and a primary school teacher. How can I lead troops to fight? It's just that the Kuomintang is engaged in white terror, so we were forced to pick up our guns to resist."
He learned experience in the war, was good at fighting but not warlike, which was far better than Chiang Kai-shek.
Chairman Mao
Military is not good, and political capabilities are not comparable to Chairman Mao. Chiang Kai-shek had no strategic vision, could not look at the long-term, and always took care of the whole situation and lost the overall situation. Chiang Kai-shek was not as good as Chairman Mao when leading troops to fight, but he could not compare with Chairman Mao in terms of poetry, songs and essays.
Chiang Kai-shek's most bold poem is just a poetic word such as "The murderous aura is full of the world, and the strength is not as good as the rest of the world." The words are empty and have no artistic value.
, what about Chairman Mao? Four Crossings of Chishui and advancing into Loushan Pass , he wrote the generosity of "the road to the pass is as iron as iron, but now he takes a step back to the beginning"; after liberating Nanjing, he wrote the magnificence of "the right way in the world is vicissitudes."
At first, when he was playing with Chairman Mao, Chiang Kai-shek thought he was just losing to the other party, but later he found that he might have been led by Chairman Mao by more than ten steps. How could he not be afraid?
Chairman Mao
concept is not in line with
Chiang Kai-shek's second person to be afraid of is Deng Yanda. This answer may surprise many people, but in the early years, Deng Yanda may have been the number one person that Chiang Kai-shek hated and feared.
Deng Yanda graduated from Baoding Army Officer School . He participated in Revolution and two Eastern Expeditions. He has always been loved and trusted by Mr. Sun Yat-sen.
Unlike Chiang Kai-shek, Deng Yanda firmly supported Three Principles of the People and faithfully followed Mr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary proposition. This inevitably led to a different path from Chiang Kai-shek.
When preparing for the Whampoa Military Academy, Chiang Kai-shek was the president of the preparatory committee and Deng Yanda was the member of the preparatory committee. During Chiang Kai-shek's tenure as principal, he served as the leader of the Third Regiment of the First Division. Although his political status was once inferior to Chiang Kai-shek, he also had a high prestige within the Kuomintang.
After the founding of the Whampoa Military Academy, Chiang Kai-shek was nepotism and completely deviated from the revolutionary path, which made Deng Yanda unacceptable, so he left Guangzhou and went to Shanghai.
Whampoa Military Academy
After the outbreak of the Zhongshan ship incident, Mr. Sun Yat-sen has passed away, and Chiang Kai-shek has almost covered the sky in the Kuomintang. He engages in dictatorship and supports warlords, which makes Deng Yanda unable to bear, so he openly opposes Chiang Kai-shek.
After the end of the "April 12 Coup", Deng Yanda completely saw Chiang Kai-shek's nature. He publicly accused Chiang Kai-shek of being a "lack dog of imperialism" and a "sinner of the Chinese nation", and called for a military confrontation against Chiang Kai-shek.
Deng Yanda's call was supported by leftists in the Kuomintang and Communists such as Dong Biwu and Wu Yuzhang, which made Chiang Kai-shek, who had always regarded Deng Yanda as a major concern, feel threatened again. Afterwards, Deng Yanda wrote a large number of revolutionary works and carried out anti-Chiang activities until in November 1931, he was betrayed by a traitor and arrested in Shanghai.
Chiang Kai-shek once persuaded Deng Yanda to surrender, but was rejected by him. At this time, many Kuomintang people pleaded for Deng Yanda, which made Chiang Kai-shek feel that his authority was threatened, so he ordered Deng Yanda to be executed secretly.
Deng Yanda
Chiang Kai-shek was introduced to Chen Qimei in his early years and then he saved Mr. Sun Yat-sen on Yongfeng Ship and threatened to "sustain and die with Mr. Sun Yat-sen", which led to the common sense of Mr. Sun Yat-sen.
Deng Yanda was appreciated by Mr. Sun Yat-sen because of his outstanding ability and firmness towards the revolution. This also made Chiang Kai-shek, who was promoted by chance and small means, felt deeply threatened, for fear that Deng Yanda would replace him. After
, Deng Yanda firmly opposed Chiang Kai-shek again. Chiang Kai-shek was not afraid at first, but when he saw that Deng Yanda's remarks could stir up a thousand waves in one stone and received responses from progressive Kuomintang and our party members, he had to be afraid.
Chiang Kai-shek has always been worried that Deng Yanda's prestige would overshadow him and even affect his dominance. Deng Yanda also proved this with reality, which is also the biggest reason why Chiang Kai-shek is afraid of him. After all, he also knows that opportunists cannot beat practical people.
Deng Yanda
comments
Chiang Kai-shek occupies an important position in modern history. He has a high position and is almost completely in the Kuomintang.
But even so, he admired Premier Zhou, who devoted himself to the revolutionary cause, and feared Chairman Mao and Deng Yanda as if they were like tigers. This also shows Chiang Kai-shek's guilt and the glory of Zhou, Mao and Deng.
Reference
[1] Zhang Hui, Shi Yufeng. Looking at Deng Yanda's anti-Chiang struggle from the breakdown of the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party [J]. Forward Forum, 2021(12)
