Since The late Qing , China has been bullied by the great powers. The Qing government lost power and humiliated the country, and ceded land and paid compensation continuously. In the northeast of Hong Kong and Macau, Dalian Lushun Sakhalin Island, the song of the Seven Sons cannot sing the sadness of the Chinese.
However, the land cedeed by the Qing government over the past few decades is not as good as the Outer Mongolia thrown out during the Republic of China.
Throughout the dynasties, China's threats came from the northern Mongolian Plateau.
During the Qing Dynasty, countless ancestors sprinkled blood on the grassland before they took this cholera land into China. However, they did not expect that the central government had no time to take care of it in the troubled times of the Republic of China. At that time, the Outer Mongolian nobles thought China was so bad that they had no future with him, and they were still the big brother in the north who had a round waist and thick arms. So he decisively got rid of China and threw it into the arms of the polar bear.
Now, more than 100 years have passed, have they obtained a good life they have been thinking about? As of last year, Outer Mongolia's GDP has only been US$14.1 billion. In contrast, his brother of the same family, Inner Mongolia, who stayed in China, had a GDP of US$322 billion.
Although the per capita GDP in Outer Mongolia is US$4,172, this is just superficial data, the domestic wealth is divided into different places, and the wealth distribution is seriously uneven. A few upper classes control more than half of the wealth in the country.
, Inner Mongolia has received the blessing of socialist system . Because there are few people and more money, the distribution is fair, the people's living standards are among the best in all provinces in China, and they are directly following , Yangtze River Delta , Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. This proves the old saying that choice determines destiny.
Today we will explain why different choices lead to such a huge difference in situations between the two brothers.
Friends who have a little bit of geography should know it. The 400mm equal precipitation line is the standard for distinguishing farming and nomadic peoples. If the precipitation is less than this value, crops cannot survive. China's 400mm precipitation line is almost consistent with the 0,000-mile Great Wall built by our ancestors. Great Wall is a nomadic area, and within the Great Wall is a farming area.
The nomadic economy is fragile and barren. There is a saying on the grassland that is wealthy, but those with furry do not count. It is said that although they have herds of cattle and sheep, a blizzard fell in ancient times when there was a lack of high-end storage technology. The cattle and sheep that have been raised with great effort can easily be taken away in one wave.
In this environment, if nomadic tribes want to survive, they must cross the Great Wall to go to their neighbors’ houses in the south to grab some food. Therefore, for thousands of years, the north and the south have been conquering conquering.
Before the arrival of Qing , all dynasties in China had no choice but to ride horses. Even if they are as powerful as the Qin Emperor and Han Wu, even if they can defeat them, they will not be able to directly rule the grassland. When they recover, they will resurrect their old ways.
Until the Qing Dynasty entered the pass, Aisin Gioro family won over the upper Mongolian aristocrats through the marriage between Manchuria and Mongolia, and vigorously promoted Tibetan Buddhism on the grassland before they took them down.
This is because Tibetan Buddhism stipulates that herders in an area belong to a certain temple. This led to the herdsmen who originally lived by water and grass and could only grazing in temples in order to worship the gods, and became semi-settled. Since you can settle down, it is natural and easy to manage.
This is not the most amazing thing. The most amazing thing is that the Aisin Gioro family cultivated a monk class through religion. They absorbed the young and strong labor force who could fight on the grassland and encouraged them to become a vampire class that would be rewarded for nothing, and instead let them suck the blood of their compatriots. After a while, the few resources on the grassland were squandered by these people. Where can we have the ability to rebel?
In order to make these believers believe in themselves, emperors of the Qing Dynasty also served as the reincarnation of Manjushri Bodhisattva. Manjushri Bodhisattva is one of the main gods of Tibetan Buddhism. In this way, the grassland people will identify with the Han regime led by the Qing emperor by identifying the reincarnation identity of the Qing emperor.
In addition to religious identity, the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty had another political identity on the grassland, that is, the Great Khan of the grassland. The late Qing Dynasty , Golden Family The last great khan Lin Danhan was defeated by Huang Taiji . Lin Danhan escaped to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and died of depression.After his death, his subordinates were like children without a mother, so they had to take the imperial seal of the Yuan Dynasty to Huang Taiji. In this way, Huang Taiji became the successor of the Yuan Dynasty. The grassland people's identification with the Golden Family was transferred to Huang Taiji.
These tricks have survived, and the grassland peoples that have entangled the Central Plains dynasty for thousands of years have been punished and obedient. In the end, in the Qing Dynasty, except for Galdan, for most of the time, the grassland maintained an absolute surrender to the Qing Dynasty.
However, the connection between the Mongolian Plateau and the Central Plains Han area is fragile. Because the Han area in the Central Plains recognized the Qing Dynasty emperor who was carried by Fengtian, while the Mongolian people recognized the religious leader of the Aisin Gioro families and the identity of the Mongolian Khan. But there is no mutual recognition between the grassland and the Central Plains.
is like two half-brothers who recognize this family through the same godfather. Once this father is gone, the family will naturally be disbanded.
1911, 11 Revolution , the Qing emperor announced his abdication. The Manchu and Mongolian aristocrats' rule over China ended. The significance of this incident is profound. The alliance between Manchuria and Mongolia supports each other through two pillars of spirit and interests. With the fall of the Qing government, they naturally could not realize the transfer of interests. This led to the Republic of China's rule over Outer Mongolia in a crisis.
As expected, less than two years after the establishment of the Republic of China, in 1913, the upper nobles of Outer Mongolia colluded with Tsarist Russia and forced Yuan Shikai to sign a traitorous treaty. It is required to recognize the autonomous status of Outer Mongolia, and not to send officials, let alone garrison troops.
At this time, careful friends may be asking, what about Inner Mongolia? Why didn’t Inner Mongolia follow?
This is because during the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the introduction of potatoes, such as drought-resistant and high-yield crops. Inner Mongolia can already start growing potatoes in relatively good land conditions. Although it is still based on nomadic business, it is no longer a simple nomadic area.
plus there were two large-scale population migrations in the late Qing Dynasty. One was who broke into Guandong and went to the three northeastern provinces. On the other side was who went to the west entrance , which was to develop in Inner Mongolia.
Because Inner Mongolia already has the conditions for agricultural farming, the Han people were able to gain a foothold here. With the influx of large populations, the proportion of Mongolians and Han people in this place has undergone a significant change in the proportion of the population of Mongolians and Han people in this place. By the Republic of China period, the Han people had become the mainstream population here, and to this day, the Han people accounted for as much as 79%.
How important is the proportion of the population of different ethnic groups in a place to stay and leave this place? You can refer to the recent Russian-Ukrainian War.
1924, Feng Yuxiang violated the preferential treatment agreement for the Qing Dynasty and drove Puyi and his family out of Forbidden City . This time, the hornet's nest was stabbed, and the spiritual connection between Mongolia and the Central Plains was completely broken. Two months later, Outer Mongolia was independent.
This relationship between Puyi and Mongolia also exists between him and Xinjiang and Tibet, so he cannot move easily. Otherwise, his crimes are even worse than those of , Wang Jingwei, and it is not an exaggeration to shoot a hundred times. Why did New China pardon him? Do you really think it is a positive transformation?
After Outer Mongolia ran away from home, she plunged into the arms of the Russians. Although the former Soviet Union loves you for the big brother who joins the republic of and franchise, you must always be criticized according to your big brother's attitude.
But although the big brother is rude, he does have true love for the younger brothers. The anti-bone in Eastern Europe, the Five Steins in Central Asia, and the three countries of , Caucasus, . These younger brothers who once had sex with the big brother have all jumped from agricultural countries to industrial countries. You know, the difficulty is difficult to reach the top. Countries such as Southeast Asia, India, , Middle East, have not yet achieved industrialization!
Only for this little brother from Outer Mongolia. The big brother's attitude has always been intriguing, not only did he not allow him to join the Soviet Union. I also used industrial and agricultural scissors to get him wool every day. I have been with the big brother for decades, but in the end I will do whatever I want.
This is his sorrow. To the north is an Arctic giant bear, and to the south is an Eastern giant dragon. The most taboo thing between major powers is the border between territory. The reason why the eldest brother refused to let him join the Soviet family was to avoid overstimulating the Oriental Dragon. By the same token, the Oriental Dragon would not get too close to him in order to avoid overstimulating the Big Brother.
But these two are his only two neighboring countries. If he wants to develop, he must connect with one of the elder brothers' economic systems.
Now both sides deliberately keep a distance from him, so he can't connect with anyone. If he cannot enter other people's economic cycle, how can he develop a good economy with his own foundation?
After the big brother left, Russia's economy collapsed. Outer Mongolia's path to connecting with Big Brother was completely cut off. China is busy hiding its strength and maintaining a low profile and has no time to pay attention to him. Neither of these two paths can be understood. They have actually taken a wrong path, engaging in the so-called third-neighbor policy, and hooked up with the Americans. Now we don’t expect China and Russia to like him.
In contrast, brothers from the same clan remained behind in China. In order to develop its economy, the country has launched various infrastructure such as bridges, highways, docks, power grids, dams, etc., and there is also transfer payments for every year. In addition, his human resources and natural resources can also be connected to the national economic development cycle, and it is difficult not to be rich.
If Outer Mongolia had not run away from home back then, I think these treatments would also fall on him.
So is this rebellious son still has a chance?
Judging from the current situation, it is already the general trend for China and Russia to become back-to-back allies. The economic bondage between the two countries will be further deepened. The reason why everyone was close to the outside world before was because the two sides lacked enough mutual trust. Once both parties become a relationship of prosperity and loss. Naturally, there is no need for both sides to be wary of each other on this issue. I hope Outer Mongolia can seize this historical opportunity and become a bridge for economic communication between China and Russia.
