Preface
Do you know? The British and American industrial powers were built hundreds of years, and our country had just 40 years to far surpass them and won the title of "World Factory", all thanks to the foresight of the two national leaders.
Mao Zedong's industrial development layout
China in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China was in ruins. After eight years of war, this century-old power is no longer a lion in the East. It is covered in wounds and devastated.
Poverty and weakness have become a label that cannot be removed in this society. The people of China are poor and the country is scattered. Everything needs a new government to correct the situation.
If we want this country to stand upright, the first thing we need to do is to transform from a backward agricultural power into an industrial power. So where should we start?
At this time, Mao Zedong put forward his strategic thinking on industrial development, and Mao Zedong said that the development of industry is a top priority for a country.
Why can even a small country like Britain invade and colonize and expand? It is mainly due to the fact that Britain seized the opportunity of the second industrial revolution of and put its country on the fast lane of development.
So if a country wants to revitalize and not be afraid of deterrence from a strong country, the most important thing is to have its own industrial foundation.
gives priority to the development of heavy industry. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the social and economic structure was chaotic, and there were countless enterprises controlled by powerful people, foreign capital, and the Kuomintang. Therefore, the first step of the country was to establish a state-owned economy, state-owned enterprises and adjust them to state-owned assets. Of course, the acquisition of the state was not to dismiss and eliminate them, but to change the production relations of and allow enterprises to undergo stable changes. This is also the first step in the recovery of the national economy. Implement the planned economy and concentrate on major tasks.
established the "First Five Plan" and determined the priority development of heavy industry. Industry is the foundation of the country.
However, at that time, China's economy was backward, lacked technology, and had the desire to develop, but had no way to go.
So Mao Zedong went abroad to visit the Soviet Union in 1949. In addition to celebrating the birthday of the Soviet leader, the most important thing is to hope that the big brother of the Soviet Union will help. So in 1950, China and the Soviet Union signed the " Sino-Soviet Friendship Alliance Mutual Assistance Treaty ". Since then, from 1953 to 1959, the Soviet Union successively issued 156 aid projects to China and borrowed US$300 million, providing great help to China's industrialization development process at that time.
In 1952, my country independently built the first railway - Chengdu-Chongqing Railway . The railway was built independently by my country, and the basic materials used were also produced independently by my country. This is an important step for my country to become a major industrial country.
It can be said that the efforts of our people and the Soviet Union's industrial help to China laid the preliminary foundation for China's industry.
As of 1959, the first car, the first fighter jet, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge , the first TV, the first computer and other industrial products developed in China were released one after another.
has different development ideas from other countries, and we do not start with the light industry. During the 15th Five-Year Plan, the development of heavy industry has been given priority. As heavy industry has improved to rapid development, it has also driven the development of other domestic industries, such as coal, steel, textile, machinery and other related industries.
Mao Zedong gave instructions to improve the construction of industrial infrastructure and improve the layout of industrial development. In this way, some new industrial cities in my country came into being.
The national development layout is unbalanced, and most development areas are concentrated in the southeast coastal areas. From a security perspective, they are very susceptible to enemy air strikes.
So in 1956, Mao Zedong proposed the third-line plan, and then entered the "three-line" preparation period, mainly to balance the development of the east and west and improve the production level in the west.
third-line preparations for construction, a total of 10 railways were built, and about 2,000 infrastructure, large and medium-sized enterprises were built, and more than 30 new industrial cities were gathered. It has improved my country's industrial layout and narrowed the gap between the east and west.
As of the 1970s and 1980s, my country has established an independent and complete industrial system in just 30 years. Achieve rapid industrial growth.
During the socialist transformation, China's industrial development achieved such achievements, which not only improved the backward social status quo, but also increased rapidly at that time, the credibility of the New China government was also strengthening, laying a solid foundation for industrial development.
gives priority to the development of heavy industry. Judging from the subsequent development history of China, it can be said that it benefits the present and the future.
For our great country, China's long-term structural defects in heavy industry, light agriculture and handicrafts still brought about a bottleneck period of development. At this moment, the spring breeze of reform was blowing all over the ground, and a great man of history proposed a new industrialization path suitable for China.
Deng Xiaoping surpassed
in the exploration and reform and opening up, giving flying wings to the development of the country. From planned economy to market economy, change the national development structure, and learn and surpass it when opening up to the outside world.
This idea and change laid the foundation for China's industrialization development in 30 years of reform and opening up. After
determined the guiding ideology of reform and opening up, China's industrial vitality was infinitely stimulated and its strength continued to increase. Later, it achieved remarkable achievements. "World Factory" and "World's No. 1 Manufacturing Power" became synonymous with China. Challenges, adjustments, and hardships. Let’s also take a look at the road to reform our country’s industry.
In the 1960s and 1970s, under the national layout, China's industry made leap forward from nothing to something, and embarked on the road to building an industrialized country. However, its industrial foundation was still relatively weak. It could only meet its own needs and could not drive the rapid increase in the output value of industrial .
and still have no breakthrough in the research and development of some high-end industrial products. Take high-end machine tools as an example. The United States led by the United States uses high-end machine tools as strategic materials to reserve , so the West has always maintained a technological blockade. Before the reform and opening up, we had been exploring and developing R&D but failed. After the reform and opening up, China transformed from a planned economy into a social market economy. Affected by market competition, a large number of industrial enterprises ushered in major reforms, which prompted the continuous improvement of enterprises' independent innovation capabilities. Finally, machine tools were exported in 1981. By 2001, my country's order volume had far exceeded that of the machine tool kings at that time, Japan, Germany and other countries, ranking first in the world.
can be seen that the implementation of reform and opening up will allow market resources to flow freely within a regular range, promote the rapid development of my country's industry, and greatly improve the ability of my country's industry to independently develop. The development of
industry promotes the simultaneous development and progress of other industries, and China's economy has been greatly improved.
The significance of China's reform and opening up to China's rise is extraordinary. So what have been done correctly in the reform and opening up that has brought Chinese society on track and developing rapidly.
First of all, reform and opening up can be divided into two parts. One is reform to change and innovate the existing social foundation, and the other is opening up on the basis of the entire reform.
Deng Xiaoping once said this when he met with the British Prime Minister, "Reform and opening up is China's truly active."
After we have a certain industrial and economic foundation, what we need to do is to become bigger and stronger.
Deng Xiaoping believes that if China wants to truly awaken, it must make this market active. The meaning of the market is to make the market flow, liberate people's nature, liberate market nature, and inspire people and the market's creativity and innovation ability. This is also the most important core force of reform and opening up.
Regarding reform and opening up, he mainly did the following things.
- first, restore the college entrance examination and liberate people's thoughts. The college entrance examination is an important measure to move talents and promote social fairness. Through the movement of people, ideas can flow and various ideas can be revealed in this society, thereby promoting the cultural rejuvenation of the nation.
- Second, let labor flow freely across the country.Workers can choose industry regions according to their own abilities and skills needs. This practice greatly stimulated workers' enthusiasm for labor, solved the problem of unbalanced labor distribution at that time, and promoted the rapid development of various industries in China at that time.
- Third, establish the socialist market economic system. The market has become an important influencing factor in resource allocation, stimulating market vitality, stimulating corporate creativity, and stimulating the potential of scientific researchers. During this period, China's industrial system became more and more perfect, becoming the world's factory.
- Fourth, actively encourage entrepreneurship and guide a large number of aspiring young people to go into business. The proportion of private enterprises has grown rapidly and has become an integral part of China's social economy.
Reform and opening up is adapting to the current social development situation of Chinese characteristics. At the beginning, we copied the Soviet industrial market model, and obviously there was a situation of disagreement with the local environment, which led to certain resistance in my country's industrial and market development. At this time, Deng Xiaoping proposed reform and opening up of great significance to China at the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and once again sent China's development to the highway.
Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up made China go from a time when everything is missing to an era where everything is available, it was an era of miracle. The arrival of this era made the original developed countries in Europe and the United States shudder, and the United States and Japan became even more afraid of China's rise. The previous technological blockades and military blockades have been broken by the Chinese one after another. There are no guns or cannons, we make them ourselves. Chinese people have always been self-sufficient and do not rely on food given by pity.
Chinese spirit overcome difficulties
China, a great country, has been passed down for thousands of years. From ancient times to the present, the Chinese are not afraid of difficulties in their hearts and are brave enough to overcome them.
After hardships, seeing flowers bloom again has always been the road to China's rise that we firmly believe in.
Whether it is Chairman Mao’s industrial layout or Deng Xiaoping’s reform and opening up, they have paved a certain path to success for China’s rise, and the spirit of overcoming difficulties in the bones of the Chinese people is the guarantee for overcoming obstacles along the way.
In 1961, Shanghai Jiangnan Shipyard built the first 0,000-ton hydraulic press in New China, ending the history of China's inability to manufacture large forgings.
In 1964, my country broke out its first atomic bomb, , which is also the fifth country in the world to have nuclear weapon .
Next is the first hydrogen bomb, the artificial satellite "Dongfanghong 1", the first nuclear submarine , and the famous Oriental Magic Rice developed by Yuan Longping... etc. These are the results obtained by the Chinese people with their own wisdom and continuous exploration.
spent decades to catch up with the development of other foreign countries for hundreds of years. Foreigners are puzzled and think this is a miracle. In fact, only we ourselves know that there is a reason why we can rise rapidly in a short period of time.
First of all, China has been the most good at learning since ancient times. The ancients taught us that there must be my teacher when we walk together, which is to let us learn from others at all times to make up for our shortcomings. Therefore, in the process of development, we can learn from other countries' advanced parts and help us improve the speed of development. In many cases, foreigners rarely do this.
Secondly, we have played different institutional advantages in different periods. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, we must concentrate the country's manpower, material resources and financial resources to restore our country's economic and infrastructure construction, so we implement the planned economy and work together. After the initial economic recovery, in order to stimulate the economic development of , my country has implemented a free social market economy, which once again stimulated the creativity and vitality of the market and ushered in a second high in economic development. The last point is also an indispensable point, that is, the spirit of the Chinese people. The Chinese are wise, determined, brave, and able to endure hardships.This is also why we can still break through and achieve self-reliance under the Western all-round blockade of our country's economy, technology and military.
The rise of China is inevitable. The future will also be unlimited.
